Particulate Nature Of

Matter
& Common Laboratory
Apparatuses
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❑Recognize the substances are made up of smaller

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_ _ _ particles,
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❑ Identify the different common laboratory

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_ _ _apparatus
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and
_ _ _ _ _ _their
_ _ _ _ _uses.
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• There are three states of matter: SOLID, LIQUID, and GAS.
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• They are inter-convertible to each other.
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• The reason of their inter-convertible is depends on pressure
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and temperature.
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 SOLID
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• Arrangement of molecules:
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• Packed closely together
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✓They have the strongest force of attraction between their

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particles.
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✓Solid particles can only vibrate in place.
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Have
_ _ _ _ _ _definite
_ _ _ _ _ _ _shape
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and volume
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 LIQUID
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• Arrangement of molecules
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_ _ _ _ _Molecules
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _loosely
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _packed
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ _ have
_ _ _ _ _ _space
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ in
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _between
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✓They have strong force of attraction between their
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particles.
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✓The particles can make sliding motion past each other.
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Take the shape of the
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container
 GAS
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• Arrangement of molecules
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Far from each other

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_ _✓There
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ is
_ _ no
_ _ _ considerable
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _force
_ _ _ _ _of
_ _ attraction
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _among
_ _ _ _ _ _ _the
_ _ _particles.
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✓They can be compressed to make the volume smaller or they can
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be expanded to make the volume larger.
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✓They fill up the container that takes it shape.
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No definite volume
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and shape
 Property SOLID LIQUID GAS
❑Have fixed ❑Have no fixed ❑Have no fixed shape
shapes shape ❑Take the shape of
SHAPE ❑Take the shape of their container
their container

VOLUME ❑Have fixed ❑Have fixed ❑Have no fixed volume

volumes volumes ❑Fill up the space of
their container

COMPRESSIBILITY ❑Cannot be ❑Cannot be ❑Can be compressed

Compressed compressed
 Temperature and Pressure
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• Increasing the temperature/pressure will increase the
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energy among the particles and thus overcome the forces of
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attraction that are holding them.
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SOLID LIQUID GAS
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MELTING
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EVAPORATION
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SOLID GAS
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SUBLIMATION
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 Temperature and Pressure
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• Increasing the temperature/pressure on the other hand
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will make the particles become close to each other.
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SOLID
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MELTING
LIQUID GAS
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EVAPORATION
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _FREEZING
CONDENSATION
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SOLID
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GAS
SUBLIMATION
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DEPOSITION
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Intensive/ Intrinsic Properties:
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• These are the physical properties of

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_ _ matter
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ that
_ _ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _constant
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _regardless
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of
_ _ _the
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amount of matter present.
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• independent to amount of matter.

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• Boiling point (BP), Melting Point (MP),

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_ _ density,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _color,
_ _ _ _ _ _odor,
_ _ _ _ _ and
_ _ _ _ _texture
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_Extensive/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Extrinsic
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Properties:
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• These are the physical properties

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_ _ that
_ _ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _not
_ _ _ constant
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ _ change
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with the amount of matter present.
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• Dependent on the amount of

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_ _ matter
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• shape, size, length, mass and

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_ _ volume.
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CUTTING OF PAPERS
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ORANGE JUICE
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Intensive: they have the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Intensive:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _they
_ _ _ _ have
_ _ _ _ _ same
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same texture and color. taste and color.
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Extensive: they have
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Extensive:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _they
_ _ _ _ have
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different shapes and sizes. different amount of juices.
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❖Is the properties that tend to change the identity of matter.
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Flammability : ability to burn
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Ex: wood, paper, plastics, and cloth.
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Rusting: Ability to rust
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Ex: Metal
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_ _ _ _BEAKER
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stirring
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Rods
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Test
_ _ _ _ Tubes
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• _ Use
_ _ _ _to
_ _hold,
_ _ _ _mix,
_ _ _ _and
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• Use for stirring and • Use to hold and mix
_ _ _ _ _heat
_ _ _ _liquids
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _mixing.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ liquids.
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Test
_ _ _ _ _Tube
_ _ _ _ _Clamp
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Graduated
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Cylinder
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Erlenmeyer
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Flask
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_ _ _ _to
• Use _ _hold
_ _ _ _a_test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ •_ _Use
_ _ _ tube, _ _ _ to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _a_ _ _ _ _ _ •_ _Used
_ _ measure _ _ _ _ _to_ hold
_ _ _ _ and
_ _ _ _mix
_
precise volume of a chemicals. The small
particularly when hot.
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liquid. neck is to facilitate
mixing without spilling.
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_ _ _ _ _Funnel
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Balance
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ring
_ _ _ _ _Stand
________
• Use
_ _ _ _to_ transfer
_ _ _ _ _ _ _liquids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ •_ _Used
_ _ _ _ _or _ _ _ _ to
_ _ hold
_ _ _ _or
_ _clamp
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fine-grained materials • Used for measuring laboratory glassware and
_ _ _containers
into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mass.
_ _ _ _small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _other
_ _ _ _ equipment
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in
_
openings. Also used for place, so it does not fall
filtration. down or come apart.
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_Test
_ _ _ _ _tube
_ _ _ _ _Rack
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Evaporating
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Dish
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Watch
_ _ _ _ _ _ _Glass
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_ _ _ _ to
• Used _ _ hold
_ _ _ _several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _•_ _Used
_ _ _ _ _ _test _ _ _ _ to
_ _hold
_ _ _ _solids
_ _ _ _ _while
_
• Used to heat liquids for
they are being weighted
tubes at one time.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _evaporation.
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or to cover a beaker.
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_Bunsen
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Burner
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Mortar
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ and
_ _ _ _ Pestle
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Wire
_ _ _ _ Gauze
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• _ Frequently
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _used
_ _ _ _as
_ _a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _• _ Used
_ _ _ _ _to
_ _support
_ _ _ _ _ _a_
heat source in the • Used to crush and grind container, such as a
_absence
_ _ _ _ _ _ _of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _materials.
_ _flammable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ beaker,
_ _ _ _ _ _ and
_ _ _ _ceramic,
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materials. fiber glass.
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_ _ _ _ _ _Pipet
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Pipet
_ _ _ _ _ _bulbs
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ring
_ _ _ _ Clamp
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• _Use
_ _ _ _to_ measure
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _small
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• Used to draw Liquids into • Used with a ring stand to
amount of liquid very
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _a_ _pipe.
_ _ _ _ _ accurately. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _hold
_ _ _ _glassware,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ such
_ _ _ _ as
a beaker or a funnel.