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NFPS Compression Project FEED: Page 62 of 122
NFPS Compression Project FEED: Page 62 of 122
NFPS Compression Project FEED: Page 62 of 122
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
Lifts consist of three stages: lifting, traversing and set-down. Only lifts by pedestal crane are
considered. Monorail lifts are not assessed on the basis that the impact energy would not be sufficient
for significant damage to equipment or the platform structure to occur. Lifting operation equipment,
training, maintenance and procedures are taken to be of a similar standard to that for the UK.
For lifts to/from a supply vessel, it is assumed that lifting path is over the sea as much as possible (i.e.
the distance over the platform is minimised). For lifts between a supply vessel and the platform it is
subjectively assumed that 5m of the traversing stage is over the supply vessel (if a dropped object
falls during this 5m it lands on the supply vessel and does not fall into the sea). If the location of the
platform is a laydown area, it is also assumed that 5m of the traverse is over the laydown area.
Lifts for maintenance activities are assumed to bi-directional (i.e. the object is lifted from its original
location to the destination and the object, or its replacement, is subsequently lifted back to the original
location). The lifting path for re-instating the object is taken to follow the same path as when removing
the object, but in reverse. If an object is dropped it is assumed to fall vertically through the air (no
lateral movement).
The traversing stage of a lift path is assumed to generally have two parts: slew (rotating) and luff
(radial movement). It is assumed that these are discrete actions that do not occur simultaneously, and
that the shortest lift path is used accounting for this restriction (e.g. if the start location is further from
the crane than the end location is, the luffing operation occurs first followed by the slewing operation).
For the analysis it is assumed that this default lift path is not modified to avoid passing over critical
equipment (e.g. reversing the slewing and luffing order or using a 3-stage traverse path).
This Dropped Object Study does not consider equipment lifting operations via the beam clamp with
chain hoist and trolleys as any such lifting and transfer operations are closely controlled under the
Permit To Work (PTW) System, strict lifting procedures etc. It is assumed that if an object that is being
lifted via the chain hoist is dropped, it would not generate sufficient impact energies to damage
equipment or the deck plating/grating.
Assessment of a dropped object striking the risers is not required as the risers are located close to
the jacket legs, with platform decks extending over the risers.
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
The specification of the cranes are presented in the following Table E-1 and Table E-2 [56][57].
Crane specifications for all WHPs/RPs Brownfield are as tabulated below [58] .
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
Only routine lifting operations are considered which generally consist of transfer of equipment,
supplies and wastes to and from laydown areas. Only transfer of equipment using pedestal crane is
assessed. Other modes of transfer such as monorails, chain hoists and trolleys will not be considered
due to the low elevation and these activities will be subjected to specific procedures/ task risk
assessment.
Generally lightweight and small items such as internal components and filter elements weighing less
than 1MT are not expected to cause significant damage. Moreover, these items are assumed to
typically be lifted in a bundle with other major components and not handled individually. Therefore,
the small items that are identified to be less than 1MT will not be included as part of the assessment.
The dropped object analysis for CP and LQ are conducted based on the latest lifting data provided in
the following:
• Material Handling Study Report (CP - Greenfield Offshore) Phase 1 [59]; and
• Material Handling Study Report (LQ & FL - Greenfield Offshore) Phase 1[58].
An additional factor of 30% was added to the lifting frequencies on the basis that the number of
operations will increase as the facilities age.
Lifting data for RP and WHP have been taken from existing DOS Report [60][61] with additional lifting
data from Material Handling Study Report Brownfield Issued for Design Revision [58]. Note that lifting
schedule for WHP10S and WHP7S was taken from DOS for Offshore Brownfield QGN WHP4N [65].
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
Supply vessel approach directions [59] [71][72][73][74] for Greenfield RGE are depicted in Figure E-1
to Figure E-4. For RP and WHP Brownfield [58], the supply vessel is shown in Figure E-5 to Figure E-
8.
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Assumption Description:
The associated pipelines and cables considered in the vicinity of the RGE CP and LQ greenfield and
brownfield are listed in Table E-3 to Table E-10 [71][72][73][74] .
Table E-3 : Pipelines/ Cables Properties in the Vicinity of Greenfield RGE 610
PIPELINES/ CABLES IN VICINITY OF RGE 610
32” FG PL RP6S 32” FG PL RP6S
PROPERTIES COMPOSITE FIBER OPTIC
TP LFP (WEST TP LFP (EAST
CABLES CABLES
CORRIDOR) CORRIDOR)
Outside Diameter 819.34 (Riser OD) 100 OD 100 OD
(m) 813 (PL OD) (assumed) (assumed)
Pipeline Yield
450 x106 450 x106 N/A N/A
Stress (N/m2)
Wall Thickness 25.4 (Riser)
100 31
(m) 22.23 (Pipeline)
Coating None None
(conservative (conservative N/A N/A
assumption) assumption)
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Assumption Description:
The frequencies of dropped objects onto the installation and sea are based on the IOGP [75], as
presented in Table E-11.
Table E-11 : Dropped Object Probabilities for Fixed Installations using Main Crane
DROPPED OBJECT PROBABILITIES (PER LIFT) ONTO:
LOAD WEIGHT
INSTALLATION SEA
< 1 tonne 3.8 x 10-5 6.9 x 10-6
1 – 20 tonne 4.7 x 10-6 1.7 x 10-6
20 – 100 tonne 1.0 x 10-5 6.2 x 10-6
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Assumption No. & Category: E7 IMPACT ENERGY – DROPPED OBJECT ONTO TOPSIDES
Assumption Description:
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Assumption Description:
The risk evaluation for topside equipment is performed by means of the Company Risk Matrix shown
in Figure E-9 is defined in defined in Assumption Sheet E12 : Risk Acceptance Criteria. If the risk falls
in the white or green area of the risk matrix no dropped object protection is required. If the risk falls in
the yellow area of the risk matrix a simplified cost/ benefit analysis will be performed to determine if the
dropped object protection is necessary. If the risk falls in the red area of the risk matrix the dropped
object protection is required.
The consequence category for the lifted equipment is evaluated as follow:
𝛿
• < 5%, Consequence category Minor; and
𝐷
𝛿
• ≥ 5%, Consequence category Serious.
𝐷
The frequency category is determined on the basis of the damage (F damage) frequency calculated for
each consequence category as follow:
Where,
𝛿
Fhit,target, i| ≥ 5%: Frequency of the dropped object i to hit the target with an impact energy able to
𝐷
generate a dent > 5% equipment diameter;
i: Object i-th ; and
Nobj: Total number of object categories.
The impact resistance energies for dropped objects onto deck plate and laydown areas on brownfield
RP/ WHP are provided in Table E-12. For WHP, design information on the impact resistance energy
of the laydown areas/ deck is not available from the existing DOS Reports [65][67].
Table E-12: Impact Resistance Energy for Brownfield RP6S and RP7S [60][61]
LAYDOWN AREA IMPACT RESISTANCE ENERGY (KJ)
Laydown A <1.0E-04 per year
Laydown B 45
Laydown C <1.0E-04 per year
Top Deck 118
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
The kinetic energy of a dropped object depends on the mass and the velocity of the object.
Furthermore, the velocity through the water depends on the shape of the object and the mass in water.
After approximately 50 –100 m, a sinking object is expected to have reached its terminal velocity when
the object is in balance with respect to gravitation forces, displaced volume and flow resistance.
Terminal velocity and impact energies for dropped objects into
the sea are estimated based on DNV’s Recommended Practice – Risk Assessment of Pipeline
Protection [79].
The typical drag coefficient, CD, and added mass coefficient, Ca [79], that are used in this study are
presented in Table E-13.
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
Concrete coating may be used to shield pipelines from potential impact damage. The energy
absorption in the concrete coating is a function of the product of the penetrated volume and the
crushing strength, Y, of the concrete. The crushing strength is from 3 to 5 times the cube strength for
normal concrete density, and from 5 to 7 times the cube strength for lightweight concrete (Jensen,
1978, 1983). The cube strength varies typical from 35 to 45 MPa. In this study, the crushing strength
of 3 times the cube strength of 35 MPa will be adopted as a conservative approach.
The Risk Assessment of Pipeline Protection provided typical impact resistance capacity of
5 – 20 kJ for concrete blankets. For this study, the value of 5 kJ for the concrete mattress impact
resistance capacity will be applied as the conservative approach.
Damage to the pipelines impacted by a dropped load is classified into three (3) damage categories,
as presented in Table E-14 [79].
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Given a Dent/ Diameter ratio corresponding to impact energy, the conditional probability of the
resulting pipeline damage was taken from the Risk Assessment of Pipeline Protection, as shown in
Table E-15. The indicative values for flexible pipeline damage are shown in Table E-16 [79].
Table E-15 : Impact Capacity and Damage Classification of Steel Pipelines and Risers
DENT/ DAMAGE DESCRIPTION CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
DIAMETER (%)
D1 D2 D3
<5 Minor Damage 1.0 0 0
5 – 10 Major Damage
0.1 0.8 0.1
Leakage anticipated
10 – 15 Major Damage
0 0.75 0.25
Leakage and rupture anticipated
15 – 20 Major Damage
0 0.25 0.75
Leakage and rupture anticipated
> 20 Rupture 0 0.1 0.9
Table E-16 : Impact Capacity and Damage Classification of Flexible Pipelines and Risers
IMPACT CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
ENERGY DAMAGE DESCRIPTION
(KJ) D1 D2 D3
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
A given load may start to swing during lifting due to several factors:
• Human error (e.g. mistake made by crane operators or signalman);
• Weather conditions (e.g. high wind speed);
• Exceeding the maximum allowable crane angular velocity; or
• Machinery failure (e.g. crane motor malfunction).
Swing load impact to hydrocarbon containing equipment within 2m from the laydown area will be
assessed. Potential swing load impact will be assessed based on Equipment Layouts [5].
Assumption Register
Assumption Description:
For impact assessment onto decks and laydown areas, the risk tolerability criteria is
1.0 x 10-4 events/ year, this means that the deck shall be able to withstand to an impact energy whose
cumulative frequency is higher than 1.0 x 10-4 events/ year. If the dropped/ swing objects impact energy
related to the cumulative frequency of 1.0 x 10-4 events/ year is higher than the deck resistance,
mitigation measures shall be implemented [80].
As recommended in Risk Assessment of Pipeline Protection [79], the acceptance criterion adopted for
dropped object onto pipeline assessment pertaining to loss of containment frequency is not to exceed
1.0 x 10-5 per year.
For the cables, there are no standards that define acceptance target for cable failure, therefore the risk
acceptance criteria for cable is defined based on the Company Risk Matrix shown in Figure E-9 [76].
In case of cable failure the consequence is evaluated conservatively as 4, based on financial impact.
The frequency category will be determined on the basis of the cable failure frequency due to dropped
object. If the risk falls in the white or green area of the risk matrix no dropped object protection is required.
If the risk falls in the yellow area of the risk matrix a simplified cost/benefit analysis will be performed to
determine if the dropped object protection is necessary. If the risk falls in the red area of the risk matrix
the dropped object protection is required.
Risk to personnel are not assessed in the dropped object study, on the basis that:
• Operating procedures should ensure that there are no personnel below a lifted object, which
minimises the direct risk to personnel;
• Although there is some residual risk of personnel being struck and fatally injured by a dropped object
during a lifting operation, the occupational risk data used in the QRA already accounts for this risk
and attempting to estimate the risk here would not provide any information that could be used in
informing design decisions; and
• The historical release frequency data used to determine hydrocarbon leak frequencies in the Fire
Explosion and Risk Analysis (FERA) already account for leaks due to dropped objects and attempting
to estimate the risk here would not provide any actionable information.
The following aspects are excluded from the scope of the analysis:
• Dropped objects during construction/installation activities;
• Dropped objects from passing vessels and interaction scenarios with either ship traffic or fishing
activities; this aspect will be covered in a dedicated assessment; and
• Consequence modelling of cascade events such as fires, gas dispersion or explosions which may
occur after a hydrocarbon release caused by dropped object.
Assumption Register