The Potential of Household Kitchen Waste as Natural Compost

A Research Study

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements in

Inquiries, Investigations & Immersion

By:

Lloyd Cedric B. Cañaveral

Christian Guazon

Joana Paula Bello

Submitted to

Christian Joy Añez

Teacher

May, 2022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Completion of this study could not have been possible without the expertise of

Engr , Christian joy Anez our Research Adviser for giving us the opportunity to do

research and invaluable guidance throughout this research, He has taught us the

methodology to carry out the research and to present the research works as clearly

as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under his guidance.

We extremely grateful for what he has offered us . We would also like to thank him

for his Patience empathy, and great sense of humor. We also Thank our School

principal Dr. Rolando P. Dilidlli and our panelist of the senior high teachers who have

given their consent for the full participation of the selected grade 12 respondents and

to our statistician, for sharing there knowledge and technical expertise. Without their

help, our research paper would not be possible. Our thanks and appreciations also

go to people who part of our research to giving us the advice to finish this research

with ease and also to our loving parents who are always there for financial support

and they were the ones who showered us with encouragement in order for us to

really do our best on this research. Without this people, this research wouldn't be

successful or possible . Finally, I would like to thank God,for letting us through all the

difficulties .we have experienced your guidance day by day, you are the one who let

us finish our research paper ,we will keep on trusting you for our future research.

The Researchers.

Canaveral, Guazon, Bello

 ABSTRACT

Purpose; The purpose of this study is to determine effectiveness of kitchen

waste based composts, consisting of vegetable, meat, and rice rain wastes
commonly found in the kitchen.

Design/Methodology; Design used in this study is an experimental,

quantitative study, using an observation method within seven days to see
results on the composts using mongo seeds to plant them.

Findings; Findings of these studies are that the composts are similar to
each other with minor deviations when compared to each other and running
the ANOVA test for significance. Some traits during the research period has
seen that vegetable composts provide fatter yields, meat being the opposite,
rice grains

Limitation/Implication; We were limited to our houses and ran for 7 days

due to complications from the outside world with the looming threat of the
virus, and also due to various circumstances with the researchers for the
length of the research to happen.

Originality/Value; We gain value on this research that the rice grain

composts can be utilized as a compost and meat composts should be
limited to liver, guts, or heart to be effective, vegetable based composts
seem to give a little bit more fat to the mongo seeds after growing for a week
of research.

Keywords; Compost, Kitchen Wastes, Vegetable, Meat, Rice Grains

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………………………i

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………….ii

CHAPTER I……………………………………………………………………………………….1

1.1 Background of the Study……………………………………………………………………1

1.2 Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………………...2

1.3 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………………..3

1.4 Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………………………..4

1.5 Research Questions and Research Hypothesis…………………………………………5

1.6 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………………..7

1.7 Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………..8

CHAPTER II………………………………………………………………………………………9

2.1 Related Review of Literature……………………………………………………………….9

2.2 Synthesis of Related Literature……………………………………………………………10

CHAPTER III……………………………………………………………………………………..11

3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………………………………11

3.2 Setting……………………………………………………………………………………….11

3.3 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………12

3.4 Process Chart…………………………………………………………………………….…14

CHAPTER IV…………………………………………………………………………………….15

4.1 Photos of the Results………………………………………………………………………15

4.2 Research Questions and Answers………………………………………………………..17

4.3 Findings…………………………………………………………………………………..….19

CHAPTER V……………………………………………………………………………………..20

5.1 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………….20

5.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………….21

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..22

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………………………….24

APPENDIX A RAW DATA TABLE FOR CHAPTER IV……………………………………..24

APPENDIX B GANTT CHART…………………………………………………………………25

APPENDIX C CALENDAR OF EVENTS……………………………………………………..26

APPENDIX D STATICTICAL TOOL…………………………………………………………..27

APPENDIX E PHOTO DOCUMENTATION………………………………………………….28

LOGBOOK……………………………………………………………………………………….30
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This section contains the background and significance of the study, statement of the

problem, scope and delimitation, research questions and hypothesis, conceptual framework

and definition of terms for each operational use. This provides a solid foundation for

researching the effectiveness of kitchen waste based compost.

1.1 Background of the Study.

The purpose of the study mainly revolves on the idea of viability of Kitchen Composts with

current climate conditions and its effects of the composts made on Mongo seeds.

One of the most common problem in land pollution. Estimating at 1.3 billion tonnes of wastes

each year or roughly 1/3 of foods produced by mankind [2]. From this we can conclude that

we are wasting food almost by a lot and contributing to the land pollution and then climate

change that we experience today.

We exert our research into kitchen wastes as it is more accessible to help within the confines of

our community in Tanza, Cavite from the Philippines and as students of Tanza National Trade

School.
Kitchen waste compost research is also mixed in all kinds of composting which include the likes

of vermin composting (or worms.) in which our study primarily focuses on kitchen wastes itself

experimenting with three mixes that include; fruit and vegetable wastes, meat liver, and wasted

rice grains due to rice being a staple food for Asian countries like the Philippines. The result of

this research will add to an extensive knowledge network as we process our findings during the

research period.

For small team of researchers we are to only conduct our research at the safety and comfort of

our households and maintain contact while the research is ongoing.

1.2 Significance of the Study

We are making use of kitchen waste or food scraps at home using aerobic composting

techniques that is not only easy but very accessible and anyone can learn and benefit from

this study.

It is significant since we are trying to determine which compost can be effectively used for

plants this is true to rice grains since we haven’t seen anyone do it purely on rice grains and

meat waste since it is still a conflict if it is even allowed to have many or too few scraps of

meat on the compost mix.

This study will benefit the researchers for having primary data of the study and expanding

from and beyond the topic. It will benefit individuals who has interests with the subject

1.3 Statement of the Problem

Kitchen wastes as a means of composting and using it as a compost for growing plant life is

not only good for ourselves but also in the environment. It could develop a hobby within

ourselves and can also contribute even a tiny bit combatting climate change.

The objective of this study is to determine how soil reacts with three subjects using different

kinds of compost in tandem with the fertilizers of the following (Rice Grains, Fruit/Vegetable

Wastes, Meat Liver) by planting Mung beansprout seeds to grow on various soil filled by each

compost. It also aims to heighten knowledge to the community if they ever pick up gardening or

concern to the environment and wishes to participate by making a difference whether it may be

big or small.

Wastes used on the study to commence are as follows on two categories but not limited or

excluded to:

For Vegetable Wastes: Bananas (Peel, Scraps), Kangkong or Water Spinach, Malunggay

leaves or Moringa Oleifera, and Onion scraps

For Meat Wastes: Chicken scraps/liver, Pork scraps/liver, and Fish scraps/liver.

1.4 Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the potential of household kitchen wastes as natural compost (fertilizer) the

study includes the respondent’s knowledge and how to turn kitchen waste into compost. To

determine the benefits of composting kitchen waste, the researchers will collect information through

observation and investigation. This study is limited for a month (30 days) in school year

2021-2022. This study will be conducted in the barangay and houses of the

respective researchers.

The study will collect data on the soil by measuring dampness and height through

observation

[8] [9] [10]

4
1.5 Research Questions and Research Hypothesis

With the problem statement defined, it will seek the answers to the following

research questions.

1. Is using rice or rice grains as fertilizers enough to grow plants out of it?

2. Does the meat-based compost stunt the growth of the plants?

3. Do bananas combined with others (Water Spinach, Moringa Oleifera, and Onion) as

fertilizers provide enough Potassium nutrients delivered to the soil to support the

plant’s growth?

4. Is there significant difference with the height of the plants?

The research will hypothesize on which we will get after the research period for possible

results after the allotted time for the research.

5
 Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis

(NULL1) There is no significant effect of (ALT1) There is an effect of growth on

the plants

compost on plant growth when in presence of a compost.

(NULL2) The water does not hold up on (ALT2) There is water retention on the

the soil compost

itself

(NULL3) Plant growth is stunted even with (ALT3) Plant growth is in optimal process

sunlight present with

sunlight present.

(NULL4) Plants growth in height are similar to (ALT4) Plant growth are not similar to each other

each other in height

6
1.6 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.1 Input-Process-Output Table

7
1.7 Definition of Terms

1. Kitchen Waste – A form of waste commonly seen in a kitchen commonly referred to as

‘food wastes’

2. Vegetable Waste – A form of food waste that originates purely from plant-based foods.

3. Meat Waste – A from of waste that originates from animal meat after consumption;

includes bones of the waste.

4. Compost – An organic based soil supplement that aids plants from growing, usually

homemade.

5. Seed – A plant’s unit of reproduction, capable of growing into another plant identical to

the previous one.

6. Soil – The upper layer of earth which plants grow, a black or dark brown material

typically consisting of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.

8
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section provides research relevant to the study about knowledge and findings

from existing literature relevant to the topic of the chosen field of study.

2.1 Related Review of Literature

This will review studies and literature made that may support directly or indirectly on important

areas of the research study.

Although effective that kitchen wastes are since they are used many, many years ago and

is proven to be good naturally. Results differ such as compost mix that needs to have a

supplement of a synthetic fertilizer due to it not being able to stand on its own. But also

shows different kinds of waste disposal and composting methods. (Modupe Stella Ayilara,

Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju, et al.; 2020)

Then a research about the effects of improperly disposed wastes and goes into details how

to create composts and what not to do (Shelia Hu; 2020).

9
A research on Bangladesh that outweigh the effect from the vermi-composting and compost and

having a role-reversal than the previous stated, using tomatoes to grow in the soil (H. Rahman, A.

Akter; 2017), Similar yet slightly different results also happened on a research in Ethiopia, using

manure to bring difference and reduce stray animals getting sick due to leftovers. (Kebede Wolka,

Bezashwork Melaku; 2015). And a research in Guam produced results on amount of compost

applied on the soil planting corn, the result being putting more compost has a much taller yield

while other that has little amount of compost has a shorter yield with a large margin between the

two. (Mohammad H Golabi, M.J Denney, C. Iyekar; 2004)

2.2 Synthesis of Related Literature

While The previous researches proved some inconsistent remarks but is still very consistent,

but with differing conditions between countries, we cannot reliably conclude our answers at

that and the need of conducting the research is a good way to confirm and asses the articles

done by other well respectable people.

10
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This section presents the experiment procedure, research design, research

instrument, settings, statistical treatment of data, Statistical analysis and interpretation of data

that will be used in study.

3.1 Research Design

Experimental research design is used for the research design as we feel it is the right research

design to conduct our investigation about kitchen wastes, there is a treatment and control group

when doing the actual research. Control group only has a negative control group. Negative

control group consists of nothing but soil. The Research will make use of the ANOVA single

factor test

3.2 Setting

The research is conducted to the residences of the researchers participating on the

investigation of using Kitchen Wastes as Fertilizers, located at Tanza, Cavite. The research is

being conducted this way due to the pandemic restrictions, and to ensure safety of the

researcher’s health against the virus.

11
3.3 Methodology

A. Materials and Equipment

Materials and Equipment used is as follows;

Mung Bean Sprouts, Pot, Soil, Liver Meat, Vegetable Scraps and Fruit Peels, Rice Grains,

Water Supply.

B. General Procedure

1.Create composts and mix them with the soil on a pot.

1a. Meat liver is mixed with the soil

1b. Vegetable/Fruit Scraps is mixed with the soil

1c. Rice grains is mixed with the soil

1d. Let them sit until they decay and absorbed by the soil.

2, Plant the Mongo seeds to the three compost mixes on the three pots

2a. Negative control is planted at the same time with other three

3. Observe and record for 14 days

3a. Plants must be watered twice a day and must not be dehydrated

4. Complete data gathering and get results

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C. Data Gathering Procedures

Data gathering procedures are done in an observation basis, closely monitoring progress of

seeds growth and recording important details that is beneficial to the research investigation.

13
3.4 Process Chart

14
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section provides results and discussion as well as answering the previous questions

Made in Chapter I of the research, This section contains the photos of the results, table, and

conclusions on hypothesis’ in a brief and concise manner.

4.1 Photos of the Results

(Figure 4.1.1, Vegetable/ Fruit Compost Day 1)

(Figure 4.1.2, Vegetable/ Fruit Compost after 7 days)

 (Figure 4.1.3, Control [left] and Meat Compost

[lower right] Day 1) 15

(Figure 4.1.4, Control [left] and Meat Compost [right]

after Day 7)

(Figure 4.1.5, Rice Compost Day 1-7)

16
4.2 Research Questions and Answers

Q1. Yes, it is possible to grow out plants using rice as compost.

Q2. It does not, fortunately

Q3. It does help the plants grow.

Q4. No, they are similar to each other

Summary of Data

Treatments

Control Vegetable Meat Rice 5 Total

N 10 10 10 10 40

∑X 142 164 130 160 596

Mean 14.2 16.4 13 16 14.9

∑X2 2064 2712 1712 2568 9056

Std.Dev. 2.2998 1.5776 1.5635 0.9428 2.1219

Result Details

Source SS df MS

Between-treatments 75.6 3 25.2 F = 9.072

Within-treatments 100 36 2.7778

Total 175.6 39

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 HYPOTHESIS

VEGETBALE COMPOST ALT1, ALT2, ALT3, NULL4

MEAT COMPOST ALT1, ALT2, ALT3, NULL4

RICE COMPOST ALT1, ALT2, ALT3, NULL4

18
4.3 Findings

Meat composts are slightly short than its contemporaries, Vegetable Compost yield is thicker than

the rest

Rice Compost can be a supplement and can beat the Negative control group. The plants growth

averages from 10-15 cm in height, and the dampness of the soil is medium and very optimal to the

plants.

No significant growth comparison since the stems are very much similar to each other

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 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This section will discuss the conclusion that have been drawn after the research

period and the recommendation for the future studies that are relevant to this topic.

5.1Conclusions

Using Kitchen wastes as composts helps the plants in small margins, due to implications

The composts can hold of on their own as long as there is enough maintenance to the

plants,

They are easy to produce and only needs one’s kitchen waste to create, does not have

any significance choosing types of composts on the seeds since the growth is very similar

to each other.

Though it should be taken of note that every type of the composts must be;

For vegetables; leafy vegetables, banana peels, and skins, to make it easier for the soil to

absorb its nutrients

For meat wastes; Anything that doesn’t have bones mixed with them, to make it easier for

the soil to digest.

Rice grains are good by themselves.

5.2 Recommendations

We noticed during our observation while growing the plants that the quality of water can

affect the seeds planted on the soil thus, experimentation with water compounds to test

the effectiveness of water to plant growth and produce healthier yields. There are missing

data that could be gathered by conducting longer observations especially using meat and

rice grains as composts due to limited observation time window

21
 REFERENCES

"Definition Of Compost | Dictionary.Com". 2022. Www.Dictionary.Com. .

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/compost.

"Worldwide Food Waste". 2022. Thinkeatsave. https://www.unep.org/thinkeatsave/get-

informed/worldwide-food-waste.

Ayilara, Modupe, Oluwaseyi Olanrewaju, Olubukola Babalola, and Olu Odeyemi. 2020. “Waste

Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials.” Sustainability 12 (11): 4456.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114456.

Rahman, Hafizur. “Effect of Kitchen Waste Compost and Vermi-Compost in Combination with ...”

2017.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324587126_Effect_of_Kitchen_Waste_Compost_a

nd_Vermi-

Compost_in_Combination_with_Chemical_Fertilizer_on_the_Production_of_Tomato.

Wolka, Kebede, and Bezashwork Melaku. 2015. “Exploring Selected Plant Nutrient in Compost

Prepared from Food Waste and Cattle Manure and Its Effect on Soil Properties and Maize

Yield at Wondo Genet, Ethiopia.” Environmental Systems Research 4 (1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-015-0035-0.

Hu, Shelia. 2020. “Composting 101.” NRDC. July 20, 2020.

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/composting-101.
Golabi, Mohammad H., M.J. Denney, and Clancy Iyekar. 2007. “Value of Composted Organic

Wastes as an Alternative to Synthetic Fertilizers for Soil Quality Improvement and

Increased Yield.” Compost Science & Utilization 15 (4): 267–71.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2007.10702343.

“What Is Soil Quality and How Is It Measured?” 2015.

https://ag.tennessee.edu/biodegradablemulch/Documents/What_is_Soil_Quality_Aug5_201

5.pdf.

Ersek, Kaitlyn. n.d. “How Do You Measure Soil Health? 21 Methods to Consider.”

Www.holganix.com. https://www.holganix.com/blog/how-do-you-measure-soil-health-21-

methods-to-consider.

“How Can You Tell What Chemicals Are in Soil?” 2016. American Geosciences Institute.

November 18, 2016.

https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/activities/investigations/soils/

chemicals-in-soil.
 APPENDIX A; CHAPTER IV RAW DATA TABLE

RAW DATA FOR HEIGHT (EST. PER 10 SAMPLES)

NEG. CONTROL VEGETABLE MEAT RICE GRAINS

15 16 11 16

16 17 12 16

16 18 12 16

16 19 13 14

17 16 14 15

14 15 15 16

13 18 16 17

11 16 12 16

10 15 13 17

14 14 12 17

Note: unit is in “cm” or centimeters

24
 APPENDIX B GANTT CHART

Research Title: The Potential of Household Kitchen Waste as Natural Compost

Proponent: Lloyd Cedric Cañaveral, Christian Guazon, Joana Bello

Consultant: Eng. Christian Joy Añez

OCT- NOV 10~ JAN 3-4 JAN 5-8 JAN 9-13 FEB-MAY
NOV~
Research
Preparation
Research
Proposal
Writing
Chapters 1-
3
Conducting
Experiments
Writing
Chapters 4-
5
Concluding
Research/
Finalizing

25
 APPENDIX C CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Research Title: The Potential of Household Kitchen Waste as Natural Compost

Proponent: Lloyd Cedric Cañaveral, Christian Guazon, Joana Bello

Consultant: Eng. Christian Joy Añez

Month Activities People Involved Remarks

October ‘21  Formulating Researchers/Adviser ACCOMPLISHED

Research
 Research Ideas
November ‘21  Research Proposal Researchers/Adviser ACCOMPLISHED
 Refining Proposal
 FormulatingResearch
Questions
December ‘21  Reviewing Related Researchers ACCOMPLISHED
Literature
 Research
Preparation
January ‘22  Experimentation Researchers ACCOMPLISHED

February ‘22  Final Defense Researchers/Adviser ACCOMPLISHED

May ‘22  Finalizing Researchers/ ACCOMPLISHED

Adviser

26
 APPENDIX D STATISTIC TOOL

(Statistical Tool Used; https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/anova/default2.aspx)

27
 APPENDIX E PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

(Meat Compost being

mixed in the soil)

28
 (Negative Control and Vegetable composts growing mongo

seeds)

(Rice grain composting)

29
 LOGBOOK

(Bello, Guazon Writing Chapters 4-5)

(Cañaveral, writing the research paper Chapter 1-3, References)

30