Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biodiversity Assesment
Biodiversity Assesment
FACULTYOFFORESTRY
REPORTON
BIODIVERSITYASSESMENT
SUBMITTEDTO
Dr.B.C.ORAON
SUBMITTEDBY
DIVYANSHUKUNWAR
RollNo.40
Sem-VIIIth
Session-2017-18
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I
wouldliketoextendmysincerethankstoallofthem.
I express
my
sincere
and
deepest
sense
of
gratitude
from
the
core
of
my
heart
to
my
respect
guide
Dr.
B.C.
ORAON, Faculty
of
Forestry,
B.A.U
for
his
constant
supervision,
guidance,
suggestion,
and
encouragement,
keen
interest
in
throughoutthecourseofinvestigation,knowledgeandpreparingreport.
My
love
and
thanks
to
my
colleagues
and
dear
friends
who
make
up
for
their courage to open their minds to all possibilities and overcome every
challengesothatwecanbringjoytotheworldandforhisnever-failingsupport.
I would
like
to
express
my
gratitude
towards
my
parents
& member
of
(faculty of forestry) for their kind
co-operation
and
encouragement
which
help
meincompletionofthisproject.
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LISTOFCONTENTS:
⮚ Acknowledgement
⮚ Studytobio-diversitypark
⮚ Functionandobjectivesofthepark
⮚ Activitiestakenupbythepark
⮚ Aimsandobjectivesofthepark
⮚ AquaticSection
⮚ Arboretumofindigenousspecies
⮚ MedicinalSection
⮚ PalmsandCycadsSection
⮚ BamboosandCanesSection
⮚ CactusGarden
⮚ RoseGarden
⮚ Conclusion
⮚ Introductionofnursery
⮚ StudytoLalkhatanga
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STUDYOFBIO-DIVERSITYPARK:
On our twoday under the course “Study of National park, Sanctuaries, and Bio-sphere
th
reserves” we visited to the
Biodiversity Park,Lalkhatnga, Ranchi on
30 August, 2016
with
our
course instructor
Dr.B.C.Oraon the main objective of
this
study
to
study the
components
of
a biodiversity park.
We were also given knowledge about various medicinal plants,
cactus
species, palm species, bamboo species, etc.
We learnt
the various methods of
their
cultivation
andconservation.
BiodiversityParkanIntroduction:
Biodiversityorbiologicaldiversityreferstoalllifeforms,withtheirmanifoldvarietythat
occursonourplanetearth.Itencompassesnotonlyecosystems,populationsandspeciesbut
thedifferentsubunitsofspecieslike‘races’eachpossessinguniquecharacteristicsattributes.
Protectingbiodiversityisnotmerelyamatterofemotionoraesthetics,wildhabitatsholdthe
keytoourwatersecurity,soilhealth,andagriculture.
Wehavealreadylostmanyspeciesthatonceflourishedinthisenvironment.Ifnotproperly
conserved,thepresentbiodiversitywillbedrasticallyreducedinthefaceoftherapid
developmentthatistakingplace.Weshallhavetopreservewhateverlittlegreeneryisthere
andweshallhavetocreatemoregreenspacetoimprovethebiodiversity.
Themonitoringofbiodiversityisanimportantaspecttorealizethesignofchanges.
However,suchamonitoringcannotbedonewithoutcreatingadatabaseoffloraandfaunaof
theareasconcerned.
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Fig:BiodiversityPark,Ranchianditsmap
A
part
of
this
garden
is
to
made
to
serve
the
purpose
of
Botanical
Garden
with
a purpose of
creatingpublicawarenessandimpartingenvironmentaleducationtothegeneralmass.
The major objectives of this project is conservation of floral diversity of the state and to
develop the area for education and recreation purposes. The indigenous plant zone, spread
over
5 hact.
area
is
a major component of
the
park
which envisages to
conserve ‘ex-situ’ the
plant species found in Indian subcontinent and
native
to
Jharkhand state. About 105 different
species of
indigenous trees
and shrubs
has belonging to
38
families
have been planted in the
indigenousplantzone.
LOCATIONOFTHEPARK:
The bio-diversity park is situated at a distance of about 20 km from B.A.U. campus. The
bio-diversity park project has been sanctioned by forest department, government of
Jharkhand and is being executed by Ranchi afforest division. The bio-diversity park is
proposed to be developed over 542 acers of protected forest land in the village of Lal
Khatanga, tupudana, Ranchi located in khijiri block between 23˚14’40’’N to 23˚15’37’’N
latitudesand85˚19’53’’Eto85˚21’37’Elongitudes.
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FunctionsoftheBio-diversitypark-
1. To identify species diversity, population, calculate floral diversity index and create
databaseforthetropicalcountriesingeneralandVindhyanregioninparticular.
2. To identify critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable species develop special
conservationstrategiesfortheirprotection.
3.
To
create
gene-bank
for
aquatic
and
terrestrial
flora
and
grow all
possible plants
species of
Vindhyanregioninthebio-diversitypark.
4.
To
utilize
soil
and
water
conservation
strategies
for
better
management
of
the
bio-diversity
park.
5. To conduct training programmes to enhance the public knowledge and
capacity building
for adaptive management. The Park
is
being developed
over an
area of 542
acres of protected
forest of
Lalkhatanga&Garkhatanga of
CD block
Khijri.
The main objective of this
park is
to
conserve the biodiversity of the Ranchi plateau and to maintain the genetic stock
available
therein. Special thrust
is
to
be
given
for
the
conservation of
rare,
threatened and endangered
speciesofJharkhandaswellasthatofIndia.
Presentlyfollowingactivitieshavebeentakenupinthepark:
▪ Zone of
indigenous
species-in
this
zone
115
species
have
been
planted
over
an
area
of5hectare.
▪ Zone of
exotic
species-it is
spread
over
an
area
of
4 ha and
64 species
of
exotic plants
havebeenplantedhere.
▪ Bambusetum- a bambusetum has been established over an area of 4 ha, where 24
speciesofbamboohavebeenplanted.
▪ Grass zone- spread over an area of 0.5ha,33 species of grasses have been planted
here.
▪ Aquatic garden-in
this
garden
15
species of
aquatic
plants
have
been
planted. There
isgoodcollectionofdifferentvarietiesliliesandlotusinthegarden.
▪ Palm garden- it
is
spread
over
an
area
of
1 ha,where
45
species of
palms
and
cycads
havebeenplanted.
▪ Rose garden-
a beautiful
rose
garden
is
being
developed
in
the
park
over
an area
of
1
acre.
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▪ Grass lawn and
shrubbery- a rich
lush
green grass
lawn
with
shrubbery
all
around
has
been developed near
the
main entrance of
the park,
where
a magnificent
entrance
plazahasbeenconstructed.
▪ Conservatories –conservatories are being developed in the park, where the
indigenousandendemicplantspeciesarebeingmadetobringback.
AIMSANDOBJECTIVESOFBIODIVERSITYPARK:
▪ Toconservethegeneticstockavailableattheexistingsiteofthepark.
▪ To select the species of rare, threatened and endangered plants of Jharkhand/India
whose population has
dwindled considerably in
their
natural
habitat
and are
likely
to
getextinct,ifsuitableconservationmeasuresarenottakenimmediately.
▪ Attempts are being made to increase the population of such endangered, threatened
and rare species for rehabilitation to their natural habitats and other experimental
gardensforconservation.
▪ To establish a botanical garden for public awareness and environmental awareness
with special emphasis in economically important and endangered species of the
region.
▪ To
compile the
relevant
data
to
prepare
and
publish
green
book
for
the
species
which
havebeenconservedandmultipliedsuccessfullyinthebotanicalgardenofthepark.
▪ To provide a suitable research /education ground for the local public, students and
researchers in order to understand about the biodiversity of Jharkhand and the
local
ecosystem.
Zonesorsectionsofbio-diversitypark-
1.Rosegarden(Rosereum)
2.Aquaticgarden
3.Arboratumofindigenousspecies
4.Dhanwantarigardenofmedicinalplants
5.Cactusgarden
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6.Grasszone
7.Zoneofexoticspecies
8. Palmetum
1.Aquaticsection-
We
visited
to
the
aquatic
section
of
the
park
which
was
managed
very
beautifully.
Some
rare
aquaticspecieswerenotedbyus.
Someimportantspeciesofaquaticplantwhichispresentinparkaregivenbelow-
Fig:Differenttypesofaquaticplantsinthepark
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2.Arboretumofindigenousspecies-
We
also
visited
to
the
arboretum
in
which
we
noted
some
of
the
important
tree
species.
It
is
managedverybeautifully.
Someimportantspeciesofindigenoustreeswhichispresentinparkaregivenbelow-
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20. Soobabul Leucaenaleucocephala Mimosaceae
21. Mahua Madhucalongifolia Sapotaceae
22. Aam Mangiferaindica Anacardiaceae
23. Bakain Meliaazedarach Meliaceae
24. Champa Micheliachampaca Magnoliaceae
25. Kadamb Anthocephaluscadamba Rubiaceae
26. Harsringar Nyctanthesarbortristis Oleaceae
27. Amla Phyllanthusemblica/Emblicaofficinalis Euphorbiaceae
28. Deodar Polyalthialongifolia/Cedrusdeodara Anonaceae
29. Chandan(White) Santalumalbum Santalaceae
30. Sitaashok Saracaashoka Caesalpiniaceae
31. Kusum Schleicheraoleosa Sapindaceae
32. Sal Shorearobusta Dipterocarpaceae
33. Jamun Syzygiumcumini Myrtaceae
34. Arjun Terminaliaarjuna Combritaceae
35. Bahera Terminaliabelerica Combritaceae
36. Haritaki Terminaliachebula Combritaceae
37. Teak Tectonagrandis Verbinaceae
Fig:-Bahera,Jamun,Karanj
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3.Medicinalsection:
Wevisitedtothemedicinalsectionoftheparkwhichiswellmaintainedandtherewefound
variousrareandendangeredmedicinalplantspecies.
Someofthemedicinalplantspeciesgrownintheparkare:
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30 Toon Cedrelatoona Meliaceae
31 Kujari Celastruspaniculata Celastraceae
32 Bengsag,Brahmibuti Centellaasiatica Umbelliferae
33 Dalchini Cinnamomumzeylanicum Lauraceae
34 Hadjore Cissusquadrangularis Vitaceae
35 Santara Citrusreticulata Rutaceae
36 Maushami Citrussinensis Rutaceae
37 Donkari Clerodendroninerme Verbinaceae
38 Bhant Clerodendruninfortunatum Verbinaceae
39 Aprajita Clitoriaternatea Fabaceae
40 Kankaua Commelinabenghalensis Commelinaceae
41 Putri Crotonoblongifolius Euphorbiaceae
42 Kalimusli Curculigoorchioides Amaryllidaceae
43 Haldi Curcumalonga Zingiberaceae
44 Chanetramool Curcumazedoria Zingiberaceae
45 Lemongrass Cymbopogoncitratus Poaceae
46 KalaShisham Dalbergialatifolia Fabaceae
47 Shisham Dalbergiasissoo Fabaceae
48 Datura Daturametel Solanaceae
49 Chalta Dilleniaindica Dilleniaceae
50 Bankurthi Dolichosbiflorus Fabaceae
51 SafedBhringraj Ecliptaalba Asteraceae
52 Mayurjhanti,Ban
Elephantopusscaber Asteraceae
tambaku
53 Amla EmblicaofficinalisSynPhyllanthus
Euphorbiaceae
emblica
54 Pharhad Erythrinavariegeta Fabaceae
55 Ayapan Eupatoriumcannabineum Asteraceae
56 Sij,sidh Euphorbialigularia Euphorbiaceae
57 Gular Ficusracemosa-SynF.glomerata Moraceae
58 Bankapas Fioriavitifolia-Syn.Hibiscus Malvaceae
59 Pepra Gardenialatifolia Rubiaceae
60 Gamhar Gmelinaarborea Verbinaceae
61 BanSupli Grewiarothii Teliaceae
62 Gudmar Gymnemasylvestre Asclepiadaceae
63 Kapoorkachari Hedychiumspicatum Zingiberaceae
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64 Dudhlar,Anantmool Hemidesmusindicus Asclepiadaceae
65 Latakasturi Hibiscusabelmoschus Malvaceae
66 Dudhi,koraiya Holarrhenaantidysentrica Apocynaceae
67 Gokulkanta,Talmakhana Hygrophyllaspinosa Acanthaceae
68 Bantulsi,bharur Hyptissuaveolens Lamiaceae
69 Baghrandi Jatrophacurcas Euphorbiaceae
70 Basak,Adusa Justiciaadhatoda Acanthaceae
71 Panjuli Kirgeneliareticulata Euphorbiaceae
72 Jarul Lagerstroemiaspeciosa Lythraceae
73 Mehndi Lawsoniainermis Lamiaceae
74 Hejurchi Leonotisnepetifolia Lamiaceae
75 Shakarkand Manihotglaziovii Euphorbiaceae
76 Mahuwa Medhucaindica Sapotaceae
77 Bakain Meliaazedarach Meliaceae
78 Sindur Mellotusphilippinensis Euphorbiaceae
79 Pudina Menthaarvensis Lamiaceae
80 Peppermint Menthapipereta Lamiaceae
81 Nagkeshar Mesuaferrea Callophyllaceae
82 Champa Micheliachampaca Magnoliaceae
83 Lajwanti Mimosapudica Mimosaceae
84 Molishri,Bakul Mimusopselengi Sapotaceae
85 Brahmi MonieraCuneifolia Scrophulariaceae
86 Karipatta MurrayaKoenigii Rutaceae
87 Lalkaner Neriumodorum Apocynaceae
88 Harsringar Nyctanthesarbor-tristis Oleaceae
89 Kpoortulai Ocimumkilimandscharicum Lamiaceae
90 Krishnatulsi Ocimumsanctum Lamiaceae
91 Safedtulsi Ocimumsanctum Lamiaceae
92 Gandhprasarni Paederiafoetida Rubiaceae
93 Lalchita,BaitaliSij Pedilanthustithymeloides Euphorbiaceae
94 Khajur Phoenixsylvertris Palmaceae
95 Bhumiamla Phyllanthusniruri-Syn.P.amarus Euphorbiaceae
96 Pan Piperbetle Piperaceae
97 Pipali Piperlongum Piperaceae
98 Golki Pipernigrum Piperaceae
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99 Junglijalebi Pithecellobiumdulei Mimosaceae
100 Chitrak Plumbagozeylanica Plumbaginaceae
101 Amrud Psidiumguajava Myrtaceae
102 Raktachandan,Paisar Pterocarpusmarsupium Fabaceae
103 Bidarikand,Bankumra Puerariatuberosa Fabaceae
104 Putri Putranjiraruxburghii Euphorbiaceae
105 Sarpagandha Rauwolfiaserpentina Apocynaceae
106 Ritha Sapindusemarginatus Sapindaceae
107 Kusum Schleicheraoleasa Sapindaceae
108 August Sesbaniagrandiflora Fabaceae
109 Ramdatwan Smilaxprolifera Smilacaceae
110 Barikateri,Banbhanta Solanumindicum Solanaceae
111 Mahogani Swieteniamacrophylla Meliaceae
112 Jamun Syzygiumcumini Myrtaceae
113 Chandni Tabernaemontanadivaricata Apocynaceae
114 Imli Tamarindusindica Caesalpiniaceae
115 Sagwan Tectonagrandis Verbinaceae
116 Arjun Terminaliaarjuna Combretaceae
117 Baheda Terminaliabellerica Combretaceae
118 Harde,Harra Terminaliachebula Combretaceae
119 Pilakaner Thevetiaperuviana Apocynaceae
120 Amrita,Giloe Tinosporacordifolia Menispermaceae
121 Tridex Tridaxprocumbens Asteraceae
122 Somraj Vernoniaanthelmintica Asteraceae
123 Sindwar Vitexnegundo Verbinaceae
124 Ashwagandha Withaniasomnifera Solanaceae
125 Icha,dhatki Woodfordiafruticosa Lythraceae
126 Ginger,Adarak Zingiberofficinalis Zingiberaceae
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Fig:differenttypesofmedicinalplantsinthepark
4.Palms&Cycadssection:
Wealsovisitedtothepalmgardenmanagedbythebiodiversitypark.
Someofthespeciespresentthereare:
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13 Cocunut Cocosnucifera(Var.WestBengal) Palmaceae
14 QueenSagoPalm Cycascircinalis Cycadaceae
15 Kingsagopalm Cycasrevoluta Cycadaceae
16 SealingWaxPalm,Lipstick Cyrtostachysrenda Palmaceae
Palm
17 Princesspalm,Hurricanepalm Dictyosperma Palmaceae
18 GoldenCanePalm,Butterfly Dypsislutescens-Syn.
Palmaceae
palm Chrysalidocarpuslutescens
19 OilPalm Elaeisguineensis Palmaceae
20 Thatchpalm,Paradisepalm, Howeaforsteriana Palmaceae
Sentrypalm
21 ChampangePalm Hyophorbelagenicaulis Palmaceae
22 BlueLatanPalm Latanialoddigesii Palmaceae
23 RedLatanPalm Latanialontaroides Palmaceae
24 RuffledFanPalm Licualagrandis Palmaceae
25 MangroveFanPalm,Good Licualaspinosa Palmaceae
LuckPalm
26 CarnarvonFanPalm,Chinese Livistonachinensi Palmaceae
fanpalm
27 Footstoolpalm Livistonarotundifolia Palmaceae
28 Bottlepalm Mascarenalagenicaulis Palmaceae
29 SpindlePalm Mascarenaverschaffeltii Palmaceae
30 PechutiaPalm PechutiaPalm Palmaceae
31 (PygmyDatePalmorMiniature Phoenixroebelenii Palmaceae
DatePalm)
32 Fijifanpalm Pritchardiapacifica Palmaceae
33 ClusterPalm,MacarthurPalm, Ptychospermamacarthurii Palmaceae
HurricanePalm
34 BroadleafLadyPalmor
Rhapisexcelsa Palmaceae
BambooPalm
35 SlenderLadyPalm Rhapishumilis Palmaceae
36 Royalpalm,mountainglory Roystonearegia Palmaceae
37 Stevensoniapalm Stevensoniagrandifolia Palmaceae
38 BroomPalm,ThatchPalm, Thrinaxparviflora Palmaceae
MountainThatchPalm
39 CaliforniaFanPalm,DesertFan Washingtoniafilifera Palmaceae
Palm,Cottonpalm,andArizona
FanPalm
40 FoxtailPalm Wodyetiabifurcata Palmaceae
41 CardboardPalm Zamiafurfuracea Cycadaceae
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Fig:differentspeciesofpalmsinthegarden
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5.Bamboos&Canessection:
Wevisitedtobambooandcanesgardenofthebiodiversitypark.Itwaswellmaintainedand
veryexoticspeciesofcanesandbambooswereseenbyus.
Someofthespeciesrecordedbyushereare:
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Fig:differenttypesofbamboopresenthere
6.CactusGarden:
We were taken to the cactus garden of the park. It
was a speciality
of
the
park.
The
cactus
were cultivated and raised inside the polyhouse whixh provides them sophisticated
environment for their proper growth. There we noted a very broad variety of
cactus species.
It
wasverywellmaintainedandexceptionallybeautiful.
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Fig:differentvarietiesofcactusinthepark
7.Rosegarden:
We
were taken
to
the
rose garden maintained and
raised by
the park.
The
garden showcased a
broad variety of roses both exotic and indigenous. Though the plants were not properly
bloomed due to lack of maintenance and management, we were not able to study the
completevarietypresentinthegardencultivatedbythepark.
Fig:Rosegardeninthepark
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CONCLUSION
The one day exposure study to
‘National
parks,
Sanctuaries
and
bio-sphere
reserves”
was
a
greatlearningexperience.
In the exposure study to the Biodiversity Park, Ranchi we got the knowledge about the
importance of conservation of biodiversity of a particular area. We interacted with a wide
variety of the floral community that included medicinal plants, palms, bamboos, aquatic
plants, and cactus species. We also got to know about their cultivation techniques,
management and conservation. It was very well maintained and
managed. The
study to the
biodiversity park ranchi gave us the
idea
of
immense diversified floral community of
not only
Jharkhandbutalsothedifferentstatesofthecountry.
At
the
last
I want
to
thank
our
course instructor
for
arranging
such a gainful
visit.
It
was
very
nice experience. This way
the
study
of
one
day
proved
to
be
a fruitful journey
in
the
study of
Forestry
INTRODUCTION
NURSERY
Nursery is
defined
as
an
area
where
plants
are
raised
for
eventual
planting
out.
It
comprises
ofnurserybeds,paths,irrigationchannelsetc.
Nursery beds are prepared area in nursery where seed is sown or
into
which
transplants
or
cuttingsareput.
Onthebasisofkinds,nurserycanbeclassifiedintotwo:
1.Seedlingnursery
2.Transplantnursery
A nursery where only seedlings are raised, no transplanting is done is known as seedling
nursery.
A nursery
which
has only
transplant
beds
in
which
seedlings
are
transplanted
in
preparation
forforestplantingiscalledtransplantnursery.
Onthebasisofirrigationalfacilityorthedurationoftheiruse,nurserycanbedividedinto:
1. Dry nursery – it is the nursery which is maintained without irrigation or other
artificialwatering.
2. Wet nursery- it is the nursery that is maintained by irrigation or other artificial
wateringduringthedryperiods.
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Onthebasisofdurationnurserycanbeclassifiedinto:
1. Temporary nursery- it is maintained for supplying nursery stock for
a short
period
after
which
it
is
abandoned. It
is
also
referred
to as
field nursery which is defined as
a
temporary nursery formed
in or
adjoining
the
planting area.
As it
is
intended to
meet
therequirementsofalimitedarea,itisusuallysmallinextent.
Ithasfollowingadvantages-
● Doesnotrequireanymanuring.
● Minimumtroublewiththeweeds,destructiveinsectsanddiseases.
● Enablesraisingofspeciesintheiroptimumaltitudinalzonesinhills.
● Enables
easy,
quick
and
cheap transport
of
planting stock
without any serious
damage
orshock.
Ithasfollowingdisadvantages–
● Asitismadeoutofway,propersupervisionisnotpossible.
● In
the absence
of
irrigation
facility
the
growth
of
seedling is,usually,slow
and
there
is
usuallyheavymortalityinthem.
● Itisrelativelycostliertomaintaincomparedtopermanentnursery.
2.Permanent nursery- it is maintained for supplying nursery stock for long time on a
permanent basis. The duration for
this nursery is
long
and it
is
maintained till
seedlings can
be raised in it
at
reasonable cost.
It
is
relatively larger
in
extent and
usually made in
central
places in
a range near the
head quarter of
some subordinate for proper supervision. They lie
near to
the road for
quick and
easy transport of
nursery stock. It has facility
for irrigation and
shadingofplants.
SELECTIONOFSITE
● Nursery should be situated as centrally as possible with reference to the area to be
planted. It should preferably be near Ranger’s or Forester’s quarter for close and
regularsupervision.
● Itshouldbeclosetothesupplyoflabourtodovariousworks.
● It should be situated near an adequate source of water to provide good irrigation
facilitytotheplants.
● Welldrainedandsandyloamsoilisgoodforplants.
● It should be made in newly felled
land
with no
overhead shade ,ifpossible,except in
dryhotlocalitieswhereitisbeneficial.
● In the
hills,a gentle
slope not exceeding 5o should be
selected,if slope is
steeper
cost of
terracingincreases.
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● The aspects
should be taken
care
of as
which aspect would be
most suitable for plants
togrow.
● Altitudinal zone or species
should also
be
kept
in
viewwhile selecting
for
nursery in
hills.
AREAOFNURSERY
Area of
nursery
depends upon species to
be
raised,age of
seedlings or transplants at the time
of
planting out,numbers of
planting required,area of
plantation and spacing in
plantation. The
area calculated on the
basis of
these
considerations should be
increased by
50%to allow for
paths,roads,irrigationchannel,etc.
OnourseconddaywevisitedLalkhatanga
INTRODUCTION;-
Lalkhatanganurserywasestablishedin2002-03anditis15kmawayfromRanchiintheside
ofTupudanna–Namkoommainroad.Areaofthisnurseryis19.5hetare.Itisaresearch
centre.Eastsideofthiscentrehavesmall–smallhill,Lalkhatangavillageandinsouth side
thereareGarghkhatangavillage,andgalagardam.Inwesternside,tonkovillage,andoldsivrage
plantsarepresentandinnothsidethereareTupudana–naamkomroadwhichjoinRanchi
chaibasapathtoRanchiJamshedpur.
AFTERESTABLISHMENTOFTHISRESEARCHCENTRE,WORKTHATHASTO
BEDONEARE:-
● Insteadofusingpolybagsinnursery,roottrainerareused
● Researchonbamboo,andthroughclumcuttingplantsareraised
● Plantingofdifferentnativeplantspecies
● Throughbarklemethod,compostfertilizeraremade
● Throughgrafting,amla,mango,andmanymoredifferentplantspeciesareraised
● Conservationofdifferentrareplantspecies
Specesthatarefoundinnurseryare:-
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11 Bottlebrush Callistemonviminalis
12 Himsagar -
13 Chikoo Manikara zapota
14 Vanhaldi Curcumaaromatica
15 kaju Anacardiumoccidentale
16 Sakarkand Ipomoeabatatas
THROUGHKALMMETHODMANGOSPECIESWHICHARERAISEDARE:-
● Mallika
● Amrapali
● Swarnarekha
Inmistchamber,speciesare:-
● Papaya
● Pan
● Laxmitaru
INARBOTEREUM:-
● Morethan175speciesareofforestryarefound
● Manys peciesarefromoutsidei.e,
⮚ Kapoor
⮚ Rudrakash
Speciesfoundinthisarbotereumare:-
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11 Kaju Anacardiumoccidentale
12 Kujri -
13 Jamun Syzigiumcumini
VERMICOMPOSTUNIT:
Definition:
Vermicompostingistheprocessofusingwormstoconverttheorganicmatterintorich
humus.
Nutrientcontentofvermicompost
Andothermicronutrientswithvitamins,enzymesandhormones.
MaterialsforpreparationofVermicompost:
Anytypesofbiodegradablewastes-
1.Cropresidues 5.Hotelrefuse
2.Weedbiomass 6.Wastefromagro-industries
3.Vegetablewaste 7.Biodegradableportionofurbanandruralwastes.
4.Leaflitter
TheearthwormthatplaytheroleisLucianalucidawhichisabout4–5inchlong.Iteats
about90–100%organicmatterandexcretesamewhicheat.Itconsistsofhumusand
nutrient.Duringitslifetimeitgives4–6timeseggs.Itisdarkbrownincolour.Theother
earthwormislightbrownincolourandiscalledfarmer’sfriend.
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PROCEDUREFORMAKINGVERMICOMPOST:
● asteslikeagriculturalwastes,domesticwastesandotherorganicwastesare
W
choppedintosmallsizetomakethemanure.
● SpreadtheFYMinopenfieldtoremovethebacteriafromit.
● AtankismadebydiggingthepitinwhichtheFYMareput tomakeslurry.
● Thisslurryisthefoodforearthwormsoitisputontheirbed.
● Thesizeofthebedisgenerally4x10ftandheightis9–14inchandthemoisture
contentis15-20%.Extrawaterisremovedbytheoutletwhichisconnectedwiththe
eachbedofearthworm.
● Theearthwormseatitandthusmakevermicompostthroughitsexcreta.
● Thevermicompostpreparedshouldbeodorless.
Advantagesofvermicompost:
1. Vermicompostisrichinallessentialplantnutrients.
2. Providesexcellenteffectonoverallplantgrowth,encouragesthegrowthofnew
shoots/leavesandimprovesthequalityandshelflifeoftheproduce.
3. Vermicompostisfreeflowing,easytoapply,handleandstoreanddoesnothavebad
odor.
4. Itimprovessoilstructure,texture,aeration,andwaterholdingcapacityandprevents
soilerosion.
5. Vermicompostisrichinbeneficialmicroflorasuchasafixer,P-solubilizers,
cellulosedecomposingmicro-floraetc.inadditiontoimprovesoilenvironment.
6. Vermicompostcontainsearthwormcocoonsandincreasesthepopulationandactivity
ofearthworminthesoil.
7. Itneutralizesthesoilprotection.
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8. Itpreventsnutrientlossesandincreasestheuseefficiencyofchemicalfertilizers.
9. Vermicompostisfreefrompathogens,toxicelements,weedseedsetc.
10. Vermicompostminimizestheincidenceofpestanddiseases.
11. Itenhancesthedecompositionoforganicmatterinsoil.
12. Itcontainsvaluablevitamins,enzymesandhormoneslikeauxins,gibberellinsetc.
INBAMBOOSECTION:-
● Inbamboofloweringoccursafter30-40years
● Seedsoccuronlyfrom
● Bambusabamboo
● Lathibaas
✔ Invillages,floweringinbamboonotoccur,sovegetativepropagationaredoneby
them.
✔ Invegetativepropagationonly1-2yearsoldbambooaretakenwhichhaveatleat2
nodes.
✔ Andonlymiddlenodesareusedinpropagationbecausetopandbottomnodesarenot
givingrootingandshootinginproperwaythatwerequired.
✔ Fromanodeatleast7plantswegetthroughpropagationmethod.
✔ Inbamboo,after2yearspeoplecangetrevenue
✔ INthismostrevenueisreturned
▪ Factorsthatidentifythevarietyofbambooare:-
✔ Colour
✔ Sheath
✔ Sizeofnodes.
Inthenursery,Desibaas-Newtonhavinglargehole.
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Balkowa-thinholepresent.Usedinhouse.
Characteristicfeatureof(Bambusabassifera)
✔ BroughtfromTripura
✔ Hollowbamboo
✔ Growfromsuckermethod
✔ Fruitsarelarge
✔ Growatadistancefromsowing
✔ Requiremorewater
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Drawbacks:-
⮚ Weedingismuchthere
⮚ Spacingbetweenspeciesaremuchless
⮚ Invermicompostu nit,uniquetechniquesaretobeadopted
Suggestion:-
⮚ Useorganicpesticidetoremoveweeds
⮚ Managementshouldberequiredinarboretumunit
⮚ Useplantmaterialinvermicompost
⮚ Spacingshouldbemaintained
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CONCLUSION
By
the
end
of
this
report,
I would
like
to
thank
my course
instructor
Dr.B.C.Oraon
for
giving
mesuchaopportunitytoworkonthistopic.
It was a great experience and educationally beneficial for me. I got to learn and
see
many
medicinal plants, palms, cycads and aquatic plants. I have learned about their specific
features and characteristics. Also, the study to the park was
excellent.
It
felt
great
to
me
to
study
such
a beautiful
area
with
so
much
of
greenery.
Also
study
in
the
Lalkhatinga
nursery
wasexcellent.Therewegettoknowanynewthingsthatareveryexperienceabletome.
I
would
not
forget
to
thank
the
workers
of
the
biodiversity
park
who
have
helped us
and gave
us a load of knowledge about the plants growing in the park and also about the different
featuresofthepark.
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