Republic of the Philippines

SORSOGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Engineering – Architecture Department
Sorsogon City Campus
First Semester, Academic Year 2022-2023

Group No. & Topic Title : 1 – Arnis

Members : 1. Arms Estonido 6. Andrei Joselito Escudero
2. Nioton Lasala 7. Samuel Dechavez
3. Rhealyn Becera
4. Luis Isaac Bulalacao
5. Ben Matthew Co
Course, Year & Section : Bachelor of Civil Engineering – 2A
Course Title : PE 3 – Sports Activities
Instructor : Christian G. Fugen
Date : 09/21/2022

WRITTEN REPORT: ARNIS

Presenters:
Background, Purpose and History of Arnis Ben Matthew Co
Facilities and Equipment Nioton Lasala
7 Stances Luis Isaac Bulalacao
12 Basic Strikes and 12 Blocking of Arnis Andrei Joselito Escudero
Basic Rules of the Game Arms Estonido
Skills and Technique Samuel Dechavez
Terminology Rhealyn Becera

ARNIS (eskrima, kali and garrote)

• an indigenous martial arts sport that originated from the Philippines.
• ocus mainly on defending oneself through the use of hand-to-hand combat, grappling,
disarming of weapons, and striking with sticks.

HISTORY
• first introduced in 1969 to some public and private school teachers when Remy Amador
Presas Taught his personal style of Arnis which he called “Modern Arnis”
• was declared as the Philippines' National sport and martial art on 11 December 2009.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

FACILITIES
1.) Mats
• Gives you comfort during training and demonstration.
• It is also Giving you additional padding between the floor and your body.

2.) Playing Court

• The playing area is a square measuring 8.o meters by 8.0 meters with a two (2)
meters minimum free zone around it, and a clear space without any obstruction up
to height of not less tan 5 meters from the playing surface.

EQUIPMENT
• Baston - (Spanish and Filipino "cane") is one of Arni's primary weapons and Filipino
martial arts. It also Known as yantok, olisi, palo, pamalo, garate, caña, cane, arnis stick,
eskrima stick.

Types of Baston
• Ratan - is the most commonly used material for baston in Arnis Training in speed.
• Kamagong - (also known as mabalo) is a dark, dense, expensive type of wood
known its weight and hardness.
• Bahi - is a Type of wood made from the heart of palm tree. It is similar to kamagong
but it is made of parous material in weight and density.
 Modern Materials - More modern material are also used, such as fiberglass and plastics,
and matals like aluminum.
• Headgear - Is necessity in arnis combat. Its material provides vital protection from
head strikes.
• Body Armour - Is designed to provide through upper body protection while allowing
mobility and protection.
• Leg Guard - Provide complementary protection to the other arnis battle gear. They
designed not only for protection, but also for comport and practicality.
• Groin - Has padding the lower abdomen and a special contoured groin cup to provide
complete to the groin area.
• Hand Gloves Serve as a protection front strikes as the stick is held in hand.

STANCES
• According to Webster dictionary, stances are a “way of standing or being placed”.
• It’s concerned on maintaining balance while moving or the proper weight distribution while
on a steady position
• Everything comes from your stance
• It also enables you to move from one position to another.

TYPES OF BASIC STANCES IN ARNIS

ATTENTION STANCE
• Stand with your feet forming a 45 degrees angle.
• Your torso and the legs should be facing forward while keeping the knees
straight.
• In this stance, you will stand with the heels close to each other and the
shoulders dropped to the sides.
• Both hands should be kept at the waist level.
• This attention stance is usually used for courtesy in preparation for a fight
at the beginning before sparring.
READY STANCE
• Stand with your feet apart parallel to the shoulder with both toes pointing
forward.
• The knees should be straight, the waist and the body facing forward.
• Hands are on waist level and the hands should hold the sticks on both
sides.
• The ready stance is commonly used when standing at ease during
training or tournaments.
FORWARD STANCE
• Starting with the ready stance, move one foot forward until the knee and
the toe are in line to each other.
• Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the body is facing forward.
• The body should not be too low or the lead foot too extended otherwise
it will be hard to maneuver.
• Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs.
• Forward stances can be right foot lead, which is the Right Foot Forward
Stance or it can be left foot lead which is Left Foot Forward Stance.
• Forward Stance are commonly used with frontal striking or blocking
techniques.
OBLIQUE STANCE
• Starting with the ready stance, move one foot forward 45 degrees away
from the body until the knee and the toe are in line to each other. Move
on the same direction as the lead foot (e.g. for right foot lead, move 45
degrees forward to the right).
• Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the body is facing
forward. The body should not be too low or the lead foot too extended
otherwise it will be hard to maneuver.
• Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs.
• Oblique stances can be right foot lead, which is the Right Foot Oblique
Stance or it can be left foot lead which is Left Foot Oblique Stance.
• Oblique Stances are commonly used for forward blocking and evasion
techniques.
 STRADDLE STANCE
• Starting with the ready stance, move one foot about two feet (2’) to the
left or the right direction until both lower legs are almost perpendicular to
the ground.
• Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the body is facing
forward. The body should not be too low or extended otherwise it will be
hard to maneuver.
• Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs.
• Straddle stance are also called Horseback Riding Stance since it mimics
position when riding on a horse back.
• Straddle stances are commonly used for blocking the strikes to the side
of the body.

SIDE STANCE
• Starting with the ready stance, move one foot about two feet (2’) to the
left or right direction. Moving foot will be perpendicular to the ground
while the other leg is extended thereby creating a position like that of a
side kick.
• Both toes are pointing in front, the waist and the body is facing forward.
• The body should not be too low or extended otherwise it will be hard to
maneuver.
• Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs.
• If the left foot moves to the side it becomes Left Foot Side Stance, if the
right foot moves to the side it becomes Right Foot Side Stance.
• Side Stances are commonly used for strike deflection and evasion
techniques.

BACK STANCE
• Starting with the ready stance, move one foot backward 45 degrees
away from the body.
• The heels of the foot should form an imaginary “L” shape while the legs
are in a straddle position.
• The body should not be too low or extended otherwise it will be hard to
maneuver.
• Distribute the weight or center of gravity to both legs.
• Back stances can be right foot lead, which is the Right Foot Back Stance
or it can be left foot lead which is Left Foot Back Stance.
• Back stances are used for blocking and backward evasion techniques.

Once you've mastered Arnis' basic stances, you're ready to study the 12 basic striking
techniques. These methods are used in combination with the stances. Because the effectiveness
of each attack is strongly dependent on mobility, you must first master the basic stances before
studying the 12 basic striking techniques.

12 BASIC STRIKES OF ARNIS

1. LEFT REMPLE STRIKE

• From the forward stance, twist your wrist to an angle of 1 o’clock as you
pull your hand towards your shoulders to prepare for a strike.
• Swing your arm in the 1 o’clock direction in a slashing action while
placing the other hand on your chest.
• The action should be a diagonal downward swing to the left temple of
the enemy.

2. RIGHT TEMPLE STRIKE

• This strike is similar to the left temple strike.
• The strike movement follows the 11 o’clock angle while the free hand
is placed on the chest.
• This strike is a diagonal downward backhand swing to the right temple
of the enemy.
3. LEFT TORSO STRIKE
• The left torso strike involves the practitioner to extend the lead hand
when striking to deliver maximum force.
• This strike is a diagonal forehand slashing swing towards any part of
the body between the shoulder and the hips.
• When swinging the lead hand, the turning force must initially come from
the rear foot,
• Then followed by the hip rotation to make the blow more effective.

4. RIGHT TORSO STRIKE

• Just like the left torso strike, again the practitioner will extend the
weapon hand to strike any part of the body on the right side between
the shoulder and the hips.
• The arm movement is a backhand slashing swing.

5. THRUST STRIKE
• This strike is a powerful thrust to the solar plexus of the opponent. It
can cause fatal damage to the organs within the abdomen area.
• This move is most helpful when you notice that the opponent is over-
committing in his forward foot movement when striking.
• This is an effective counter against a temple strike, but remember to
never stretch out when doing the thrust strike.
The force of the attack should come more from the momentum of
the opponent coming forward, and it should be more of a counter. Using
it as a casual strike opens up the body to attacks from the opponent.

6. LEFT CHEST STAB

• This strike involves extending the arm in a thrusting motion with the
palm facing outward towards the left chest of the opponent.

7. RIGHT CHEST STUB

• This strike is similar to the left chest stab, but aim the thrust to the
right chest of the opponent.
• When done right, the opponent’s lungs will be damaged, which will
make it hard for him to breathe and even cause death.

8. LEFT LEG STRIKE

• This technique involves striking the opponent’s lower leg, usually the
knee or ankle, to immobilize him.
• It is necessary to lower your lead leg and strike in a downward diagonal
slashing motion to the opponent’s leg with the palm facing upward. In
traditional Arnis, the aim of the technique is to just hit any part of the
leg.

9. RIGHT LEG STRIKE

• This technique is similar to the left leg strike but aims the strike at the
right leg of the opponent.
• The motion of thi technique is a diagonal downward backhand swing.

10. LEFT EYE POKE

• This technique is similar to the left chest stab but with the strike aimed
at the left eye socket.
• The goal of this attack is to take away the opponent’s vision and thus,
ending the fight faster.
 11. RIGHT EYE POKE
• Just like the left eye poke, this technique takes away the opponent’s
vision. However, this technique is aimed at the right eye of the
opponent.

12. CROWN STRIKE

• This strike is a straight downward overhead swing to the crown of your
opponent’s head.
• This will throw him off balance and could even knock him out after a
single strike.

BASIC RULES OF THE GAME

A. Arnis Competition Rules General Format
• The Arnis Martial Arts Competition is a continuous, full contact, live weapon, stick
fighting venue. Competitors will fight each other with sticks – slender, cylindrically-
shaped rattan weapons in 2 round matches at 1 minute per round with 30 seconds of
rest between rounds. This is an open-style competition.

B. Pairings and Format

• The tournament format will at the discretion of tournament officials. In adult divisions,
we will try as much as possible to form pairs that are within 8% of each other by
weight. Directors will combine divisions where competitors are scarce.
•
C. Rules of Engagement
• Opponents will begin and end all matches with a salute or bow to each other and the
judges.
- Referee will position fighters beyond largo range at the start of every round.
• Only attacks with the stick and feet are allowed.
• Hits, slashes, and witticks are all legal. Punots, pokes and stabs are all illegal.
• Target areas are: 1) front and sides of the body, 2) arms and hands, 3) top, front and
sides of the helmet.
- Fighters are required to exhibit a realistic defense (movement, parrying,
intelligent blocking…)
- To signal surrender or stop action for an injury, equipment failure, etc., raise both
hands and back up. Do not turn away.

D. Corner and Coaching

• Do not remove any equipment, until the end of the match. Helmet may be removed
between rounds.
• All matches scored by 3 judges on the “10 Point Must” system prior to deductions.
Deductions will be issued by referee only. Judges may issue bonus points for
exemplary technique.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
• The ability that is necessary in order to perform a task or understand an idea because it
is a foundation for other skills or ideas.
• A basic ability usually considered necessary for competent functioning in society
(reading, basic mathematics, essential communication skills)
Importance of Basic Skills in Arnis.
Arnis can taught us discipline and self-control. Like other martial arts, Arnis can be used
to practice and make us learn self-control and disciple. It also gives us ability to think fast and
make our body stronger as we will move a lot.
Basic skills to develop in arnis
1. Grip: Proper Hold of the Stick
• Hold the stick one first away from the punyo (butt) of the stick. Close the grip with
the thumb.
 2. Stance
• Stances is a “way of standing or being placed). For martial artists, it is not only a
way of standing or being place, stances are a way of remaining standing and
maintaining balance while moving or on a steady position.
3. Salutation
• Salutation/Saludo is a way to give courtesy or is a sign of true gentleman. It begins
in handa position followed by pugay.
4. Pugay
• Place the weapon hand across the chest
• Bow by bending at the waist

Techniques
• Arnis includes hand-to-hand combat, joint locks, and weapon disarming techniques.
Although in general, emphasis is put on weapons for these arts, some system put empty
hands as the primary focus and some old school systems do not teach weapon at all.
Importance of techniques
• The better one’s basic technique in a sport, the higher the skill level it has. In the sports
martial arts Tarung Derajat, Mastery of basic techniques is a major foundation to master
and develop the movement so that the coordination of movement can be more leverage.

Importance of knowing at least basic fighting techniques

• Consistent training not only conditions the mind and body to have strength and stamina
to fight back in a violent situation but also helps the body fight disease, stay flexible,
strong and active as people age. Martial arts provides stress relief and ways to release
pent up energy,

BASIC ARNIS TERMINOLOGY

ABANICO – “fan” lateral (side to side) motions performed with a straightened arm a blocking
maneuver
ARKO- sirkulo, series of circular strikes
BANDA Y BANDA- back and forth. Side to side slashes or strikes
BASTON- stick or baton used Filipio Martial arts. Also known as Garrot and Olisi Baston,
Cebuano term for stick
Corto Kurbada- Close range sparring applying kurbada strikes & counter attacks
Daga- Knife or dagger Doble – “double;” two strikes delivered in rapid succession
Ekis - X- strikes
Salamat. - A greeting derived from the Muslim “salaam” (or peace) and connoting gratitude
Saludo -Salutation
Sungkiti -Hooking thru
Saludo -Salutation
Tapi -Parry; deflect
Tapi-tapi-on Series of parries and blocks.
Tigbas -powerful horizontal strike to body or head, apply forehand or backhand
Tunga-tunga Medium range. Medio in other systems.
Tuyok -Spinning movement.
Witik -Short curving snap strike from the wrist that creates a whip-like motion
Yukbo -Salutation. Saludo in other system

REFERENCES:
G. (n.d.). PHYE 232-Basic Arnis Terminology - PDFCOFFEE.COM. pdfcoffee.com. Retrieved
September 20, 2022, from: https://pdfcoffee.com/phye-232-basic-arnis-terminology-pdf-
free.html
Lee, B. (2022). Arnis Stances. Retrieved from: https://martialartskills.com/anis-stances-important-
things/
Lester, J. (2016). Basic Skills of Arnis. Retrieved from: https://projectsports.nl/en/what-are-the-
basic-skills-of-arnis/
Lim, L (2018). Escrima Footwork and Stances. Retrieved from:
https://stickfightingsport.com/arnis-escrima/
Reyes, K. (2019). Arnis Program. Retrieved from:
https://www.truemartialarts.com/programs/arnis