PW 2

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ACADEMIC SESSION: SESSION 1 2022/2023
PRACTICAL WORK
1/2/3/4/5/6: 2. DC MOTOR - MULTI QUADRANT CONTROL

PRACTICAL WORK
15/9/2022
DATE:

LECTURER’S
ENCIK MOHD MIZAN BIN ABDUL MALIK
NAME:

GROUP NO. : 3

TOTAL
GSA
STUDENT ID & NAME: MARKS
(10%)
(100%)

SUBMISSION DATE:
TITLE : DC MOTOR - MULTI QUADRANT CONTROL

CLO : CLO2

OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this practical work,students will be able to:

1. Construct the circuit of DC chopper controllers in multi quadrant operation.

2. Record the control characteristic of DC separately excited motor connnected at a low pulse
frequency and a high pulse frequency.
3. Measure the output voltage and current response of DC separately excited motor at
different duty cycles.

EQUIPMENTS / COMPONENTS

No. Equipments / Component Quantity

1 Universal Control Unit , Digital SO3636-1A 1 unit

2 6 - Fold IGBT Current Converter SO3636 - IR 1 unit

3 6 - Fold IGBT Overlay Mask SO3636 - IS 1 unit

4 Single Phase DC Motor 1 unit

5 4 - Channel Differential Amplifier SO3636-2V 1 unit

6 3 - Phase Isolating Transformer SO3636 -2G 1 unit

7 Software Package , PWM TRAIN SO6006 - E 1 unit

8 Serial Interface Cable LM9040 1 unit

9 Connecting Leads 1 unit

SAFETY

1. Always aware , because any machine that works on electricity is dangerous.

2. Understand the safety procedure specified by the lecturer.
3. Perform experiments in an organized manner as this can minimize the risk of accident
occur.
4. Read and follow the experimental method and check with the lecturer if any
problem occurs.
5. Caution : High voltages are present in this Practical Work ! Do not make any connections
with the power on ! The power should be turned off after completing each individual
measurement.

TEORY

Pulse width modulated DC chopper controllers are used to convert a constant DC voltage to a
variable DC voltage . If the DC voltage is to be varied only over a small range from zero to
maximum value and there is no requirement for a reversal of current , then the use of a single
quadrant controller ( single IGBT circuit ) , is sufficient . No energy feedback is possible.

Self - commutated converters are used as DC power controllers and DC link converters .DC
and three - phase drive systems as well as emergency power supply installations. Self -
commutated converters are constructed using switchable semiconductors (e.g. thyristors or
TRIAC). It is typical here that the semiconductor elements can at any time , he switched on
or off .

Circuit can be construct by using Field effect transistor (MOSFET), IGBT (Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistor), GTO (Gate Turn Off thyriistors) and power diodes.

Basic types of static converter:

Figure 1: types of static converter

The flow of energy between the DC systems or the crearion of an AC or three-phase system,
from a single DC system, is possible.

Figure 2: Multi-quadrant pulse controller (4 IGBT)

For example, the power section for constructing controlled or closed-loop DC drive systems
and fulfill the tasks of DDC conversion, I.e conversion of fixed DC voltage system into a
system with a variable DC voltage

Method of control that used for varying the DC voltage :

- Pulse width modulation (oscillation period T constant, pulse width TE variable)
- Pulse frequency control (pulse width Ton constant, frequency or oscillation period T
variable)
- 2-position current control (retention of a costant peak-to-peak displacement of current).
The control of modern self-commutated converters usually incorporates pulse width
modulation (PWM), since it is relatively straighforward to realise various pulse patterns. The
voltage at the load circuit, is determined by the following expressions:

4-quadrant operation

The ratio Ton/T known as the duty factor, which can have values between zero and unity and
also be expressed as a percentage.
4-quadrant operation with a motor load

In the first quadrant, controller provides drive to the motor by way of a positive voltage and
current via semiconductor V1. The direction of rotation is positive. In the switched off state,
D2 acts as a free-wheeling diode. Energy feed-back is not possible.

Figure 3: DC controller - Multi-quadrant operation,motor load