CE308

COMPREHENSIVE COURSE
WORK
CREDITS : 1

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 COURSE OUTCOMES

CO1 Learn to prepare for a competitive examination

CO2 Comprehend the questions in Civil Engineering field and answer them with
confidence
CO3 Communicate effectively with faculty in scholarly environments
Analyze the comprehensive knowledge gained in basic courses in the field
CO4
of Civil Engineering

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 SYLLABUS
MODULE 1
Concept of stress and strain, Hooke’s law, Stress-strain diagram of mild steel; Axially loaded bars. Temperature
stress in composite bars, Poisson’s ratio, Elastic constants and the relationship between them. Beams, Concept
of bending moment and shear force, Shear force and bending moment diagrams of cantilever beams, simply
supported beams and overhanging beams for different type of loads. Theory of simple bending; Shear stress in
beams. Principal stresses and principal planes in 2D problems, maximum shear stress; Mohr’s circle .

MODULE 2
Fluid properties; Fluid statics, measurement of fluid pressure. Buoyancy and Floatation: Buoyant force, Principle
of floatation, stability of floating and submerged bodies, metacentre and metacentric height; continuity
equation in one, two and three dimensions. Bernoulli’s equation and its applications; Pipe flow- computation of
major and minor losses in pipes, equivalent pipe.
Open channel flow, velocity distribution in open channels, uniform flow computations, Most economical
sections, Specific energy, Critical flow; Hydraulic jump.

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 SYLLABUS
MODULE 3
Introduction to Surveying- Principles, Linear, angular and graphical methods. Bearing of survey lines, Local
attraction, Declination; Principles of levelling, Methods of levelling. Theodolite surveying, Measurement of
horizontal and vertical angle; Triangulation. Traverse Surveying, Checks in closed traverse; Theory of Errors
– Types, theory of least squares, Weighting of observations. Total Station – concept of EDM, principles and
working. GPS-Components and principles. Remote Sensing.

MODULE 4
Definitions and properties of soil, 3 phase system, Index properties of soil, Soil classification,
Effective stress, Quick sand condition, Stress distribution, Permeability of soil, Darcy’s law, Factors
affecting permeability, Laboratory tests, Consolidation, Normally consolidated, over consolidated and
under consolidated soils, Time factor, Coefficient of consolidation, Compaction Tests – OMC and MDD,
shear strength of soil, Triaxial compression test, Unconfined compression test, Direct shear test and Vane
shear test

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 SYLLABUS

MODULE 5
Cement: Manufacturing, chemical composition, Types, Tests, Hydration of cement.
Properties of fresh concrete and hardened concrete. Types of stone masonry –
composite walls - cavity walls and partition walls - Construction details and features.
Finishing works: Plastering, Pointing, Painting – objectives and types. Prefabricated
construction – advantages and disadvantages, Prefabricated building components.
Causes of failures in RCC and Steel structures. Types of tenders, Types of contracts. Types
of Schedules. Network analysis –CPM, PERT – concepts and problems

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24-05-2022
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula
 MODULE 1

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
1. Modulus of rigidity is defined as the ratio of
a) longitudinal stress to longitudinal strain
b) shear stress to shear strain
c) stress to strain
d) stress to volumetric strain

2. An I section beam, made of structural steel has an overall depth of 30 cm. If the developed flange stress at the top and
bottom of the beam are 1200 kg/cm2 and 300kg/cm2 respectively, then the depth of the neutral axis from the top of the
beam would be
a) 25 cm
b)24 cm
c) 20 cm
d) 18 cm

Ans.
1-b, 2-b

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION

2 Ans.
FB/YB = FT/YT OR 300/YB = 1200/YT

therefore YT = 4YB

also YT+ YB = 30

Hence the depth of NA from top of beam, yt = 24 cm

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 3. The relationship between young’s modulus of elasticity E, bulk modulus K and
poisson’s ratio 𝜇, is given by
a) e= 2k(1-2 𝜇)
b) e = 3k(1+ 𝜇)
c) e = 3k(1-2 𝜇)
d) e = 2k(1+ 𝜇)

4 A simply supported beam of span ‘L’ and uniform flexural rigidity EI, carries a central
load ‘W’ and total uniformity distributed load ‘W’ throughout the span. The maximum
deflection is given by
a) 13WL3/96EI
b) 5WL3/384EI
c) 5WL3/96EI
d) 13WL3/384EI

ans.
3-c, 4-d

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION

4 ans. Max deflection due to concentrated load at center = WL3/48EI

max deflection due to total uniformly distributed load W = 5WL3/384EI

therefore,

total max deflection = WL3/48EI + 5WL3/384EI

= 13WL3/384EI

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
5. The effective length of a fillet weld designed to transmit axial load shall not be less
than,
a) 2 × size of weld
b) 4 × size of weld
c) 6 × size of weld
d) 10 × size of weld

6. If E = 2 ×105 N/mm2 , an axial pull of 60 KN suddenly applied to a steel rod 50mm in

diameter and 4 m long, causes an instantaneous elongation of the order of
a) 1.19mm
b) 2.19mm
c) 3.19mm
d) 11.19mm

ans.
5-b, 6-a
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

6 ans. It is given by
𝜋 2
2PL/AE = (2 × 60000 × 4000)/( 4 50 × 2.06 × 105 )

= 1.19mm

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
7. When a member is subjected to axial tensile load, the greatest normal stress is equal
to
a) half the maximum shear stress
b) maximum shear stress
c) twice the maximum shear stress
d) none of the above

8. If two springs of stiffness K1 and K2 are connected in series, the stiffness of the
combined spring is
a) K1 K2/ K1 + K2
b)k1 + K2 /K1 K2
c) K1 + K2
d) K1 K2

ans.
7-c, 8-a

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

8 ans. If the stiffness of the combined spring is K, then

1/K = 1/K1 + 1/K2

K =K1K2/ K1 + K2

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
9. The radius of mohr’s circle for two equal unlike principal stresses of magnitude p is
a) p
b) p/2
c) zero
d) none of the above

10. Consider the following statements:

(i) on planes having maximum and minimum principal stresses, there will be no tangential stress.
(Ii) shear stresses on mutually perpendicular planes are numerically equal.
(Iii) maximum shear stress is equal to half the sum of the maximum and minimum principal stresses
of these statements

a) (i),(ii) and (iii) are correct

b) (i) and (ii) are correct
c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
d) (i) and (iii) are correct

ans.
9-a, 10-b
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

10 ans. Maximum shear stress is equal to half the difference of the maximum and
minimum principal stresses.

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
11. Maximum bending moment in a beam occurs where
a) deflection is zero
b) shear force is maximum
c) shear force is minimum
d) shear force changes sign

12. A simply supported beam of span L carries a concentrated load W at mid span. If the
width of the beam is constant and its depth is varying throughout the span, then what
should be its mid-span depth, when design stress is f
6𝑊𝐿
a) 𝑏𝑓
6𝑊𝐿
b) 𝑏𝑓
3𝑊𝐿
c) 2𝑏𝑓
3𝑊𝐿
d) 2𝑏𝑓

ans.

17
11-d, 12-c
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION
12 ans. Let mid span depth is d. Then BM at a distance L/2 from one end,
M= WL/4 and also M =𝑓𝑧
WL/4 =𝑓𝑧 = f.B

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
13. The diagram showing the variation of axial load along the span is called
a) shear forced diagram
b) bending moment diagram
c) thrust diagram
d) influence line diagram

14. Two closed coil springs of stiffness s and 2s are arranged in series in one case and in
parallel in the other case. The ratio of stiffness of springs connected in series to parallel is
a) 1/3
b) 1/9
c) 2/3
d) 2/9

ans.
13- c, 14-d
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

14 Ans.

1 1 1
= +
𝐾𝑠 𝑠 2𝑠

2𝑠 2 2
OR 𝐾𝑠 = = 3𝑠
3𝑠
Let stiffness of springs in parallel is 𝐾𝑝 . hence

𝐾𝑝 = S+2S = 3S

𝐾𝑠 2 𝑠 2
= 3 2𝑠 = 9
𝐾𝑝

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
15. If a cantilever beam carries a uniformly distributed load over its entire length, then
shapes of shear force diagram and bending moment diagram are
a) quadratic parabola and cubic parabola
b) triangle and quadratic parabola
c) rectangle and triangle
d) quadratic parabola and triangle

16. A simply supported rectangular beam of span L and depth d carries a central load W.
The ratio of maximum deflection to maximum bending stress is
a) 𝐿2 /6ED
b) 𝐿2 /8ED
c) 𝐿2 /48ED
d) 𝐿2 /12ED

ans. 15-b, 16-a

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

16 Ans.
𝑊𝐿3
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
48𝐸𝐼

𝑀 𝑀
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = .Y = .D/2
𝐼 𝐼

𝑊𝐿 𝑑
= .
4𝐼 2

𝑊𝐿3
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 48𝐸𝐼 𝐿2
= 𝑊𝐿𝑑 =
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 6𝐸𝑑
8𝐼

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
17. A portion of a beam between two sections is said to be in pure bending when there is
a) constant bending moment and zero shear force
b) constant shear force and zero bending moment
c) constant bending moment and constant shear force
d) none of the above

18. An overhanging beam of uniform EI is loaded as shown in fig.

L/3 L
the defection at the free end will be
𝑝𝐿3 𝑝𝐿3 4𝑝𝐿3 2𝑝𝐿3
a) b) c) d)
81𝐸𝐼 27𝐸𝐼 81𝐸𝐼 27𝐸𝐼

ans.
17-a, 18-c

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

18 Ans.
4𝑃
Reaction 𝑅𝐵 = (upward)
3
𝑃
Reaction 𝑅𝐶 = 3 (downward)
𝑀2
Strain energy U = ‫ ׬‬2𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥

𝑃𝑥2
𝑙(3) 𝑙/3 𝑃𝑥 2
= ‫׬‬0 2𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥 + ‫׬‬0 2𝐸𝐼 𝑑𝑥

2𝑃2 𝐿3
= 81𝐸𝐼
𝑑𝑈 4𝑃𝐿3
So deflection at free end = =
𝑑𝑃 81𝐸𝐼

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
19. Two beams, one of circular cross-section and other of square cross-section, have
equal areas of cross-section. If subjected to bending
a) circular section is more economical
b) square section is more economical
c) both sections are equally strong
d) both sections are equally stiff

20. In a plane stress problem there are normal tensile stresses 𝜎𝑥 and 𝜎𝑦 accompanied
by by shear stress 𝜏𝑥𝑦 at appoint along orthogonal cartesian x and y respectively. If it is
observed that the minimum principal stresss on a certain plane is zero then
a) 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦
b) 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
c) 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜎𝑥 . 𝜎𝑦
d) 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜎𝑥 / 𝜎𝑦

ans.

25
19-b, 20-c

Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
21. A beam abc rests on simple supports at a and b with bc as an overhang. D is centre of
span ab. If in the first case a concentrated load p cts at c while in the second case load p
acts at d, then the
a) deflection at d in the first case will be equal to he deflection at c in the second case
b) deflection at c in the firs case is equal to the deflection at d in the second case
c) deflection at d in the first case will always be smaller than the deflection at c in the
second case.
D) deflection at d in the first case will always be greater than the deflection at c in the
second case

22. A mild steel flat of width 120mm and thickness 10mm is bent into an arc of a circle of
radius 10m by applying a pure moment m. If e is 2 × 105 n/ 𝑚𝑚5 , then the magnitude of
the pure moment m will be
a) 2 × 106 n-mm
b) 2 × 105 n-mm
c) 0.2 × 105 n-mm
d) 0.2 × 104 n-mm

ans.
21-a, 22-b
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

22 Ans.
𝑀 𝐸
=
𝐼 𝑅

𝐸𝐼
M= 𝑅

R = 10000mm
1
I = 12 × 120 × 103 𝑚𝑚4 = 104 𝑚𝑚4
2
E = 2× 105 N/𝑚𝑚

2×105 ×104
M= = 2× 105 N.mm
10000

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
21. Slope at the end of a simply supported beam of span l with uniformly distributed load
w/unit length over the entire span is given by
2
a) 𝑊𝐿 ൗ16𝐸𝐼
3
b) 𝑊𝐿 ൗ16𝐸𝐼
3
c) 𝑊𝐿 ൗ24𝐸𝐼
2
d)𝑊𝐿 ൗ24𝐸𝐼

22. The plane of maximum shear stress has normal stress that is
a) maximum
b) minimum
c) zero
d) none of the above

ans.
21-c, 22-d
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION

22 Ans.
𝜎1 +𝜎2
Normal Stress is given by
2

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
23. If the length of a simply supported beam carrying a concentrated load at the centre is
doubled, the deflection at the centre will become
a) two times
b) four times
c) eight times
d) sixteen times

24. The material of a rubber ballon has poisson’s ratio of 0.5. If uniform pressure is
applied to blow the ballon, the volumetric strain of the material will be
a) 0.50
b) 0.25
c)0.20
d)zero

ans.
23-c, 24- d
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION
𝜎
24 Ans. Volumetric strain = 𝐸 (1 − 2𝜇)
𝜎
= 𝐸(1-2× 0.5) = 0

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
25. When both ends of a column are fixed, the crippling load is p. If one end of the
column is made free, the value of crippling load will be changed to
a) P/16
b)p/4
c) P/2
d) 4P

26. The euler load for a column is 1000KN and crushing load is 1500 KN. The rankine load
is equal to
a) 600 KN
b) 1000 KN
c) 1500 KN
d) 2500 KN

ans.
25- a, 26-a

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION
1 1 1
26 Ans. Rankine load 𝑃𝑅 is given by = +
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝐶 𝑃𝐸

𝑃 𝑃
𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃 𝐶+𝑃𝐸
𝐶 𝐸

1500 ×1000
= = 600 kN
1500+1000

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
27. If a circular shaft is subjected to a torque T and bending moment M, the ratio of
maximum bending stress and maximum shear stress is
a) 2M/T
b) M/2T
c) M/T
d) 2T/M

28. A propped cantilever of span l carries a uniformly distributed load of w per unit run
over its entire span. The value of prop reaction to keep the beam horizontal is
a) wl/3
b) 3wl/8
c) wl/2
d) 5wl/8

ans.
27-a, 28-b
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

28 Ans.

Let the prop reaction is p.

𝑊𝐿4
Deflection due to udl = 8𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝐿3
Deflection due to prop = 3𝐸𝐼
therefore
𝑃𝐿3 𝑊𝐿4
=
3𝐸𝐼 8𝐸𝐼
3
or P = wl
8

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
29. If the depth of a beam of rectangular section is reduced to half, strain energy stored in the
beam becomes
a) ¼ times
b) 1/8 times
c) 4 times
d) 8 times

30. ABCD is a beam of length 5l which is supported at B and C (having supported length BC =1) and
having two equal overhangs AB and CD of length 2l each. It carries a udl of intensity p per unit
length throughout the beam as shown in fig.
A B C D

2l l 2l
the points of contra flexure will occur
a) at B and C
b) at the midpoint of BC
c) nowhere in the beam
d) at the midpoint of AB and CD

36
ans.
29-d, 30-c
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

30 Ans.

As there is no change in sign of bending moment, there will be no point of

contraflexure in the beam

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
31. System A is a simply supported beam with a load P at mid span. System B is the same beam but the load is
replaced by a udl of intensity P/L wherein L is the span. The midspan deflection of system B will
a) be the same as that of system A at mid span
b) be less than that of system A at mid span
c) be more than that of system A at mid span
d) bear no relation to that of system A

32. A beam of rectangular section 100mm × 300mm carries certain loads such that the bending moment at a section
A is M and at another section B is (M+C). The distance between the sections A and B is 0.5m and there is no external
loads acting between the two sections. If the value of C is 10000 nm, them the maximum shear stress is
a) 1.5MN/𝑚2
b) 1.0MN/𝑚2
c) 0.5MN/𝑚2
d) 0.25MN/𝑚2

ans.
31-b, 32- b
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 Explanation

32 Ans.

Shear force between A & B IS

𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐵𝑀 10000 𝑁𝑚
= = 20000n
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 0.5 𝑚
1.5 𝑉 1.5×20000
Maximum shear stress = = = 1.0
𝑏𝑑 0.1×0.3
mn/𝑚2

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 33. Match list 1 and list 2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below the
lists

List 1 List 2
A. Partial derivative of strain 1. Equation for shear force
energy w.r.t a load
B. Derivative of deflection 2. Equation for slope
C. Derivative of slope 3. Equation for B.M
codes: D. Derivative of moment 4. Deflection under load
a) A B C D
4 3 2 1
B) A B C D
2 1 3 4
c) A B C D
4 2 3 1
d) A B C D
2 3 1 4

ans. 33-c 40
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
34. A cantilever is subjected to a uniformly distributed load W over its whole length L and
a concentrated upward force W at its free end. The deflection of the free end is
a) zero
3
b) 𝑊𝐿 ൗ384𝐸𝐼
3
c) 5𝑊𝐿 ൗ24𝐸𝐼
3
d) 𝑊𝐿 ൗ2𝐸𝐼

ans. 34-c

EXPLANATION
𝑊𝐿3
34 Ans. Upward deflection due to concentrated load w = 3𝐸𝐼
𝑤𝐿4 𝑊𝐿3
downward deflection due to udl = =
8𝐸𝐼 8𝐸𝐼
𝑊𝐿3 𝑊𝐿3 5𝑊𝐿3
net deflection = 3𝐸𝐼
- 8𝐸𝐼
= 24𝐸𝐼
(upward)

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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 35. Which one of the following statements about creep of metals is correct?
A) creep is deformation due to high temperature under no stress ondition
b) creep is independent of temperature
c) creep is time dependent deformation under stress
d) for a given level of stress, the rate of creep is independent of time

36. A steel rod of circular section tapers from 2 cm diameter to 1 cm diameter over a
length of 50 cm. If the modulus of elasticity of the material is 2×106 kg/𝑐𝑚2 , then the
increase in length under a pull of 3000 kg will be
0.3
a) cm
2𝜋
30
b) 𝜋 cm
300
c) 𝜋 cm
d) 750 cm

ans.
35- c, 36- a
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Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION

36 Ans. It is given by
𝑃𝐿 4𝑃𝐿 4×3000×50 0.3
𝜋 = 𝜋𝐷 𝐷 𝐸 𝜋×1×2×2×106 = 2𝜋
𝐷 𝐷 𝐸 1 2
4 1 2

43
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
37. In a close coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load, other quantities remaining
the same, if the wire diameter is doubled, then the stiffness of the spring when compares
to the original one will become
a) twice
b) four timed
c) eight times
d) sixteen times

38. A 4m long beam, simply supported at its ends, carries a point load W at its centre. If
the slope at the ends of the beam is 1°, then the deflection at the centre of the beam will
be
a) 10.56 mm
b) 18.32 mm
c) 23. 27 mm
d) 39.37 mm

ans.

44
37-d, 38-c
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION
𝜋 𝑤𝑙 2
38 Ans. Slope at ends (𝛉) = 1° = radian =
180 16𝐸𝐼

𝑊𝐿3 𝛉.𝐿 𝜋 4000

deflection at centre = = = × mm
48𝐸𝐼 3 180 3

= 23.27 mm

45
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
39. The shear stress distribution over a rectangular cross section of a beam follows
a) a straight line path
b) a circular path
c) a parabolic path
d) an elliptical path

40. A simply supported beam with equal overhang on both sides is loaded as shown in fig.

L
if the bending moment at mid span is zero, then the percentage overhang on each side will be
a) 33.3
b) 25
c) 20
d) 15

ans.
39-c, 40-b 46
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION

40 ans.

If distance between the supports is a, bending moment at mid span

12
𝑤𝑙 𝑎 𝑤2
= ( )- =0
2 2 2

or a= 0.51

hence each overhang is 0.251

47
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
41. A mohr’s circle reduces to a point when the body is subjected to
a) pure shear
b) uniaxial stress only
c) equal and opposite axial stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes, the planes being free of
shear
d) equal axial stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes, the planes being free of shear

42. Two simply supported beams 𝐵1 and 𝐵2 have spans l and 2l respectively. Beam 𝐵1 has a cross section
of 1×1 units and beam 𝐵2 has a cross section 2×2 units. These beams are subjected to concentrated load
W each at the centre of their spans. The ratio of the maximum flexureal stress in the beams is
a) 4
b) 2
c) 0.5
d) 0.25

ans.
41-b, 42-a
48
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
 EXPLANATION

42 ans.

𝑀
Flexural stress, 𝑓𝐵 = 𝑧

M ∝ length
z ∝ width × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ2
𝑙
𝑓𝐵1 1×1×1
= 2𝑙 =4
𝑓𝐵2
2×2×2

49
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
43. The phenomenon of decreased resistance of a material to reversal of stress is called
a) creep
b) fatigue
c) resilience
d) plasticity

44. Two similar round bars A and B are each 30 cm long as shown in fig
2 2

10 10

20 20

4 4
𝑈
the ratio of the energies stored by the bars A and B, 𝑈𝐵 is
𝐴
a) 3/2
b) 1.0
c) 5/8
d) 2/3
ans. 43-b, 44-a
50
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

44 ans.
𝑣𝑜𝑙
Strain energy ∝ 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎2
1
∝ 𝐴

20 10 90
𝑈𝐵 = 𝜋 +𝜋 = 4𝜋
×4 ×16
4 4

10 20 60
𝑈𝐴 = 𝜋 +𝜋 =
×4 ×16 4𝜋
4 4

therefore,
𝑈𝐵 3
=2
𝑈𝐴

51
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
45. According to eddy’s theorem, the vertical intercept between the linear arch and the
centre line of actual arch at any point represents to some scale
a) bending moment
b) shear force
c) normal thrust
d) deflection

46. A cantilever beam A with rectangular cross section is subjected to a concentrated load
at its free end. If the width and depth of another cantilever beam B are twice those of
beam B as compared to that of A will be
a) 6.25%
b) 14%
c) 23.6%
d) 28%

Ans.
45-a, 46-a
52
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

46 ans.

1
Deflection ∝ 𝐼
for rectangular cross section
1
deflection ∝ 𝑏𝑑3
1
𝛿𝐵 2𝑏(2𝑑)3 1
so, 𝛿𝐴
= 1 = 16
𝑏𝑑3

or 𝛿𝐵 = 6.25% of 𝛿𝐴

note : this is same even for simply supported beams

53
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
47. The maximum bending moment due to a moving load on a fixed ended beam occurs
a) at a support
b) always at the mid span
c) under the load only
d) none of the above

48. A beam has a solid circular cross section having diameter d. If a section of the beam is
subjected to a shear force, F the maximum shear stress in the cross section is given by
a) 4F/3𝜋𝑑 2
b) 16F/3𝜋𝑑 2
c) 8F/3𝜋𝑑 2
d) 3F/16𝜋𝑑 2

ANS.
47-a, 48-b

54
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

48 ans.

4
Maximum shear stress in circular cross section = × average shear stress
3

4 𝐹 16𝐹
= ×𝜋 =
3 𝑑 2 3𝜋𝑑 2
4

55
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
49. Shear stress on principal planes is
a) zero
b) maximum
c) minimum
d) none of the above

50. A rectangular timber beam is cut out of a cylindrical log of diameter D. The depth of
the strongest timber beam will be
1
a) D 2
2
b) D
3
5
c) D 8
3
d) D 4

ANS.
49-a, 50-b
56
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022
EXPLANATION

50 Ans.
Let b is width and d is depth of the strongest timber beam cut out of a cylindrical log of
diameter D.
SO 𝑏2 + 𝑑 2 = 𝐷2 OR 𝑑 2 = 𝐷2 − 𝑏2
AND Z = 1/6 B(𝐷2 − 𝑏2 )
For maximum value of Z,
𝑑𝑧
=0
𝑑𝑏
𝐷2 𝑏2
OR - =0
6 2
𝐷
therefore B = 3
OR
2
D= D
3

57
Dr. Abey E. Thomas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Aranmula 24-05-2022