Term Paper on

(8 Five year plans of the Bangladesh)

Socio-Economic Profile of Bangladesh
Course Code:

Submitted by

Date of Submission
22th September, 2022

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The whole report was based on “1 th to 8th five year plan of Bangladesh” in the light of the course
‘Socio-Economic Profile of Bangladesh’, results from considerable intellectual and moral
support given by our honorable course teacher, Ms. Ayesha Siddika Arshi madam, School of
Business Studies in southeast University. Over the last three months, she has been our guide
from whom we got the inspiration and guidance to learn “history & economy”. We strongly
believe works like this one will surely help us to develop & make us better adapted as well as
capable to cope with the issues &practical exposures in this field as well as to the whole of the
Legislative tools that are being extensively exploited in today’s world.
Also, we would like to remember the almighty Allah for blessing us with the strength, ability and
patience to do this task.

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 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

September 22, 2022

Subject: Submission of Term paper.

Dear Madam,
We are gratified to enclose you the copy of our term paper on “1 th to 8th five year plan of
Bangladesh” which we have prepared under your guidance as a part of our academic purpose and
now we want to submit it to you.
Within the limited period of time; we have tried our best to write a term paper on this topic on the
basis of internet. Thus we honestly admire you for giving us the opportunity to work on this topic
and for allowing us to explore this field for the sake of profound knowledge.
We would be highly obliged if you kindly accept our report on this purpose.

Yours obediently,

Course Title: Socio-Economic Profile of Bangladesh

Section: 1

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 Table of Contents

1.Introduction..............................................................................................................................................5
2. The first three Five Years Plans are.........................................................................................................5
2.1 What did each of the plans aim for?..................................................................................................5
2.2 How successful was the Government in implementing the plans?....................................................7
2.3 Which part of the plans could not be achieved and why?.................................................................8
2.4 How successful and efficient do you think the current plan will be?.................................................9
3. 4th Five-Year plan-1990 to 1995............................................................................................................10
3.2 How Successful and efficient the plan.............................................................................................13
4. 5th Five- year plan- 1997 to 2002..........................................................................................................13
4.1 How successful were the government in implementing the plans..................................................13
4.2 Some part of the plans could not be achieved................................................................................13
4.3 Successful and efficient the plan 1997-2002...................................................................................15
5. 6th Five-year plan- 2011 to 2015............................................................................................................15
5.1 Main aimed & purpose of the plans................................................................................................15
5.2 How successful the government in implementing the plans...........................................................18
5.3 There are some plans could not achieve and the reasons...............................................................19
5.4 How much successful and efficient these plans...............................................................................19
6. 7th Five-year plan- 2016 to 2020............................................................................................................20
6.1 The plan aimed for...........................................................................................................................20
6.2 How successful were the government the plans & which part could not be achieved properly.....20
6.3 How successful and efficient the current plan.................................................................................21
7. 8th Five- year plan- 2021 to 2025...........................................................................................................21
7.1 The major target of plan aimed for five-year plans.........................................................................22
7.2 How successful were the government in implementing the plans..................................................22
7.3 Some part of the plans could not be achieved................................................................................23
7.4 How Successful and efficient the current plan.................................................................................24
8.reference.................................................................................................................................................25

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 1.Introduction
Bangladesh plans its economy policies through a five-year period development planning scheme,
collectively known as “Five-year Plan”.

A proper plan is required to carry out any economic activity successfully. An appropriate plan of
development is needed to develop a country. And for these needs, different development plans
have been adopted and developed in other countries, like Bangladesh's Five Year Plans. If this
development plan is made following the actual conditions, it can see that the goals and objectives
of the development plan are being met. In the same way, it can say that if any big plan is divided
into five years, it is called a five-year plan in Bangladesh.

2. The first three Five Years Plans are.

 The first Five Year Plan in Bangladesh is from 1973-1978.
 The second Five Year Plan in Bangladesh is from 1980-1985.
 The third Five Year Plan in Bangladesh is from 1985-1990.

Bangladesh Planning Commission was formed in January 1972 by assigning this responsibility
for the planned development of the country. Bangladesh Planning Commission was founded in
pre-independence Bangladesh. Meanwhile, Provincial Planning Boards were established in East
Pakistan in the mid-fifties at the initiative of the United Front Government. The primary function
of this critical institution was to negotiate with the central Government for financing by
formulating plans for public investment in East Pakistan. The Planning Board prepared
development plans applicable to East Pakistan, evaluated projects and determined the size and
shape of those projects. Notably, in 1973, the Government of Bangladesh announced
Bangladesh's first five-year plan (1973-1978). A GDP growth target of 5.5 percent per year is
set. Surprisingly, in the second year of planning (1974-1975), Bangladesh's G.D.P. growth was
9.5 percent.

2.1 What did each of the plans aim for?

First Five Year Plan 1973-1978

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It formulated the first five-year plan intending to establish economic justice in Bangladesh.
Democracy, Socialism, secularism and nationalism, the four basic principles of the state,
freedom from poverty and unemployment, are destroyed by war. The objectives and targets of
the plan are set in the context of economic restructuring and more.

 Alleviating people's poverty.

 Continuation of the reconstruction work and completion of it and the significant sectors
of the economy, agriculture and industry, were rapidly raised to the level of 1969-70.
 Gross National Product (G.D.P.) grows at an average annual rate of 5.5%. 4. To increase
the production of daily necessities such as food, clothing, vegetable oil, kerosene, sugar,
and many more.
 Stabilize by curbing the rise in prices of daily necessities.
 Per capita income will grow at an average annual rate of 2.5%.
 Employing 41 lakh people.
 It took measures during the planning period to build a socialist economic structure in the
country. Integrate them further.
 Curb the rate of population growth. For this reason, increasing the effectiveness of family
planning and birth rate from 3% brings it down to 2.8% per annum.

Second Five Year Plan 1980-1985

 Ensuring an adequate supply of life necessities to improve the people's standard of living.
 People's participation in development activities through local organizations is ensured to
improve the quality of rural life to do.
 To increase employment opportunities in line with labor force development and labor
supply.
 Eliminating illiteracy and significantly improving public resources.
 Gross National Product grew at an annual rate of 5.4 percent.
 The population growth rate is 2.23 percent from 2.80 percent.
 Achieving greater self-reliance.
 To achieve equitable distribution of income, wealth and opportunities to establish social
justice.

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  Achieving food self-sufficiency by increasing food production in the shortest possible
time. By 1984-85, it set the food production target at 1.75 million tons.
 Per capita income is increasing at 3.5 percent annually.
 The growth rate in the agricultural sector is 50 percent per annum, and in the industrial
sector, 8.4 percent per annum.

Third Five Year Plan 1985-1990

 Controlling the rate of population growth.

 Expansion of productive employment.
 Universal primary education and human resource development.
 Development of technology to effect long-term structural changes in the economy.
 Achieving self-sufficiency in food.
 Meeting the minimum basic needs of the ordinary people
 Acceleration of economic growth
 Gain greater self-reliance.

2.2 How successful was the Government in implementing the plans?

After the independence of Bangladesh, the first and foremost step of the new Government was
on January 31, 1972, the Constitution of the Planning Commission and the appointment of its
Deputy Chairperson and members. At that time, the Cabinet decided to set up a Planning
Commission on Five Year Plan with the following objectives and goals:

 Formulate short, medium and long-term development plans by formulating annual

development programs and five-year and development perspective plans.
 Establishing development targets, formulating guidelines and policies for their
implementation, making recommendations for the preservation of financial resources and
rules of procedure where applicable and being directly involved in specific areas.
 Coordinating short- and long-term development plans adopted by various ministries at
the policy-making stage.
 Government emphasizes that Common themes like education, health, inequality
reduction, economic development, infrastructure development, environmental
development, and human resource development are the lifeblood of the Five Year Plan.

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 This effort to bring the recovery process from such a health disaster and pandemic-induced
economic stagnation under a concrete far-reaching policy framework is undoubtedly a reflection
of the courageous leadership of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Infrastructure is always
growth-enhancing. To focus on the Five Year Plan, the Government of Bangladesh has stepped
up public-private investment to build appropriate financing structures for railways, shipping,
ports, special economic zones, skill development institutions, renewable energy production and
more.

2.3 Which part of the plans could not be achieved and why?
The five plans do not expand productive employment, creating massive unemployment in
Bangladesh. Many of the total population of Bangladesh is youth. The role of youth in the
occupation of this country is outstanding. Even today, all the phenomenal creations of
Bangladesh are born by the child. After the liberation war, the youth played a positive role in the
country's formation. But a large part of today's youth is unemployed and on an uncertain path to
life, because of which many young people become depressed and commit suicide. Higher
education is no longer a guarantee of getting a job. The more educated the young are, the more
likely they will be unemployed. This figure emerges in a report on regional employment by the
International Labor Organization (ILO.). Bangladesh's labor force-related survey defines
unemployment as a person aged 15 years or older actively seeking or ready for work. It does not
work or does not get it.

Moreover, among these unemployed, the unemployment of the educated is the highest.
According to the latest B.B.S. Labor Force Survey, the unemployment rate of the formally
educated is three times higher than that of the uneducated. And considering the level of
education, the unemployment rate is higher among the highly educated. For example, higher
secondary graduates are almost four times more unemployed than lower secondary graduates and
three times more unemployed than graduates or postgraduates. That is, the number of
unemployed graduates in the country is more than that of less educated unemployed. The
country's labor market is relatively narrow for highly educated people.

So the rate at which unemployment is increasing in the country is a large part of the
educated unemployed. One of the reasons for this is not considering the employment demand in
the field of education. As the education system of Bangladesh is not oriented towards the labor

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 market, the number of educated unemployed people in the country is increasing yearly. In the
education system of Bangladesh, the number of students in humanities and social science
departments is high in universities and colleges. But there is a significant shortage of
employment for those educated in the labor market of Bangladesh.

Again, the demand for commerce and science-based subjects is high, but the supply is
less. Besides, there are many graduate or postgraduate courses in the subjects which do not have
any particular demand in the labor market or have not yet been created. But every year, new
topics are introduced in universities. As a result, students fall into the vicious circle of imbalance
between institutional education and employment.

2.4 How successful and efficient do you think the current plan will be?
I think the economy of Bangladesh is now much more robust than before. Bangladesh is not
dependent on any single country or organization for project loans. Bangladesh is favorable
regarding foreign exchange reserves, remittances and export earnings. I noticed that the 8th Five
Year Plan is being implemented when Bangladesh is about to transition from a less developed
country to a developing one. Again, the Government has to implement this plan within the
corona epidemic. At the same time, there are also challenges in implementing the Sustainable
Development Goals or S.D.G announced by the United Nations. In general, the 8 th Five Year
Plan Period is 2021-2025.

I would like to say that due to the corona epidemic, the implementation of the 8 th five-
year plan is facing challenges. Long-term gains in poverty alleviation, improving education and
ensuring gender equality have been threatened. This situation is more challenging for the young
population of the country. So I think if this challenge is not addressed well, the opportunity to
exploit the demographic dividend will be at risk. These challenges dealt with in the coming days
will play an essential role in determining the country's economic future.

I have found that the 8th Five-Year Plan can be essential in meeting the country's long-
term development goals. However, this plan was implemented when the country went through a
socio-economic crisis caused by the Corona epidemic. Long-held gains in poverty alleviation,
improving education and ensuring gender equality have come under threat due to Covid-19 point
of view.

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 To be honest, I meditate, it is said that in the 8th Five-Year Plan, various goals have been
set in youth-centric issues such as the development of education and health system, employment,
improvement of the condition of poor people, elimination of income inequality and ensuring
gender equality, and projects have been undertaken to achieve these goals. However, reducing
the dropout rate due to the pandemic in the changing context was a significant challenge during
this period. Apart from this, it is also necessary to give particular importance to eliminating
existing discrimination in the education system, ensuring the quality of the education system and
technical education. At the same time, I deem it is necessary to take initiatives to make the
expenditure of the Government in this sector fruitful.

I acknowledge that it should increase government spending on the health sector and the
development of government institutions. In the context of Covid-19, ensuring vaccination for all
is now paramount. Also, it must prepare the health sector to prevent infectious diseases and
epidemics. The mental health of young people is a hotly debated topic these days. Mental health
protection needs to be given serious attention. Along with this, young people need to increase
awareness about sexual and reproductive health and take initiatives to supplement health care in
these matters.

I would like to address that the Government is committed to implementing the 8th Five
Year Plan, and continuous steps are being taken to meet various targets under it. Sound planning
requires reliable information. It can achieve development goals through proper planning. I
noticed that the Government is trying in this regard. Various ministries of the Government are
trying to ensure the participation of youth in policy-making. Moreover, the 8th Five Year Plan
emphasized the social sector. Therefore, huge expenditure increases are estimated, especially in
the education and health sectors.

3. 4th Five-Year plan-1990 to 1995

The Fourth Five Year Plan (1990-95) was launched in July, 1990, but the draft Plan had to
undergo several revisions before it was formally approved by the government in June, 1995. The
Plan outlay was reduced from Tk.689.30 billion to Tk.620 billion. The Plan placed emphasis on

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poverty alleviation and meeting the basic needs of the people with particular focus on human
resources development, women in development and environmental sustainability.

There have been some improvements in domestic savings and investment rates during the Fourth
Plan period. Domestic savings as a ratio of GDP increased from 2.72 per cent in 1989/90 to 8.31
per cent in 1994/95. The increased savings rate was due to higher savings by the government as
well as by the private sector. The level of investment in the economy of Bangladesh is low
compared to that in many developing countries. The rate of aggregate investment in 1990/91 was
11.50 per cent which rose to 16.63 per cent in 1994/95. This exceeded the Plan target of 14.80
per cent. This rising trend is a positive development in resource mobilization for faster economic
growth and socio-economic upliftment.

3.1 The major target of plan aimed for five-year plans.

 Bangabandhu (Jamuna) Bridge Project

 Madhyapara Hard-rock
 Barapukuria Coal power plant
 Increased investment in education
 electrification
 water supply

 Bangabandhu (Jamuna) Bridge: The foundation stone of the bridge was laid on 10
April 1994. Physical implementation of the project commenced on 15 October 1994, and
all the components except gas transmission line were completed by June 1998. The
bridge was constructed at a cost of $962 million. IDA, ADB, OECF of Japan, and the
government of Bangladesh shared the cost of construction. Of the total, IDA, ADB and
OECF supplied 22% each, and the remaining 34% was borne by Bangladesh. At the time
of appraisal, the project was scheduled to be completed in November 1997, but was
completed in June 1998, seven months behind schedule. However, the bridge was opened
to traffic in 23 June 1998 as planned.

The Jamuna Bridge Project aimed to achieve the strategic objective of connecting the east
and west parts of the country separated by the Jamuna River, thus stimulating the

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 economic growth by facilitating inter-regional, cross-river transport of passengers, freight
and transmission of electricity.

 Madhyapara Hard-rock: Madhyapara Hard-rock was drilled six wells in 1974-75 by

Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB). Then they ensured that the presence of
Precambrian Hardrock at very shallow depths. The encountered depth of hard rock was
approximately 128m and 154m. SNC (Surveyor Nenniger and Chenvert) is a Canadian
consultancy firm whose was conducted the Techno-economic feasibility study of the
area. Ultimately the project was approved by the Government of Bangladesh in 1978. In
contrast, the project commenced to work officially in 1994, according to the signing of
two large international contracts for the Barapukuria Coal Mine Development Project as
well as for the Madhyapara Hard-rock Mining Project between CMC of China and
Petrobangla, and NAMNAM of the Democratic Republic of Korea and Petrobangla
respectively. The MGM Company was founded in order to take multifold responsibilities
of production of basement rock with a daily production capacity of 5,500 M. tons. The
Madhyapara Hard-rock project total estimated cost of the mine is in 1024998.31
33110.06 69388.25 ($ 197.889 m.) ($ 57.086 m.) ($ 140.803 m).

The main aimed of the Project is to set up an underground hardrock mine at Maddhapara
Dinajpur. The mine is designed to produce 1.65 million M. tons of hardrock per annum to
meet the requirement of flood control, construction of coastal and town protection
embankment, construction and maintenance of bridges, roads & highways, embankment,
river training, railway ballast, high rise buildings decorated tiles and other heavy
construction works.

 Barapukuria Coal Development projects: The fuel is procured from Barapukuria Coal
Mine. The Barapukuria Coal project cost is $345 million. It is owned and operated by the
Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) in Dudhipur, Dinajpur province in
Bangladesh. Barapukuria Coal-fired Power Plant is owned by Bangladesh Power
Development Board (BPDB) which is the state-owned enterprise to generate, buy,
transmit and distribute the electricity in Bangladesh. BCFP is the first coal-based power
plant of Bangladesh with current capacity of the power plant has three units with a total
capacity of 525 MW. But due to shortage of coal supply from Barapukuria (BCMCL)

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 Coal Mine, the power plant generates around 370 MW with occasional shut down. The
first and second unit started commercial operations in 2006 while the third unit in 2018.

3.2 How Successful and efficient the plan.

In the five year plan, a target was set to attain yearly 14.80 percent GDP growth on average in
the five years (1990-1995). They have set so many goals to achieve the next 5 years of plan, and
already we can see the Bangabandhu (Jamuna) Bridge Project was successful and Madhyapara
Hard-rock project, electrification, water supply, Barapukuria Coal power plant project was
successful.

4. 5th Five- year plan- 1997 to 2002

The 5th Five Year Plan will be implemented during the period 1997-2002 Economic Growth:
The main objectives of the Plan were:
(a) Accelerating economic growth to achieve an overall annual GDP growth rate of 5 per cent,
(b) Poverty alleviation and employment generation through human resources development and
(c) Increased self- reliance. 1.2. 2 the allocation for the public sector was.
This plan had two main objectives – the removal of property and attainment of self-reliance. This
was planned through the promotion of higher growth rates, better income distribution, and also a
significant increase in the domestic rate of saving. It also focused on import substitution and
export promotion

4.1 How successful were the government in implementing the plans.

The main objective of the 5th five-year plan was to raise the living standards of the people with a
focus on weaker sections of society. During the fifth five-year plan, other essential objectives
include reducing disparities in sectors like social, regional, and economic.
The fifth five-year plan was successful in many ways. It helped to increase production and
employment, while also reducing poverty and inequality. The Plan was able to achieve these
objectives due to its focus on investment in infrastructure and industry, as well as its emphasis on
agricultural development after taking office in 1996, planned things well in advance and
therefore implemented the 5th-five-year plan in 1997, gave importance to the private sector,
economy etc. Big floods were dealt with and peace treaties were made.

4.2 Some part of the plans could not be achieved.

Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries of the world. Average life expectancy here is 59
years. The mortality rate of the children under five year stills the highest of all countries in the
world. About 60 percent children are suffering from malnutrition. Public health is also not very
improved. Literacy rate could also not be raised to a satisfactory level. More than 50 percent of

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the total population cannot participate in the development activities. The last leg of the 21st
century is regarded as milestone for the world because some remarkable events ended and such
new visit of economic dimension has been opened that has created opportunities of mutual
economic relationship among all the countries including the poor ones for the current
Millennium. Among others the notable events are failing to the Communist countries, end of the
cold war. Flexibility of the east west war establishment of World Trade Organization etc.
Bangladesh has already been included as a member of the World Trade Organization. In addition
Bangladesh has established diplomatic relations with different new organizations, countries,
blocks etc. In order to increase and popularize her identity in the world. The fifth Five Years
Plan was formulated keeping in mind a set of dimensions like creation of productive
employment opportunities alleviation of poverty, self-reliance in food, development of human
resources, development of infrastructures, control of population growth, initiatives for brining
social peace and happiness, strengthening foundation of appropriate technology based
knowledge, maintenance of environment, reduce gender gap and establishment of improve social
Justice instance etc. aims and objectives of the plan were as follows :
1. To alleviate poverty trough bringing economic dynamism.
2. To generate ample scope for employment by utilizing labor intensive and new capital-oriented
technology.
3. To achieve food production beyond the self-sufficiency level I’m the shortest possible time
and of higher production of diversified high valued export goods.
4. To take initiative for production of high valued export commodities and its implementation.
5. To develop necessary infrastructure, utilities and others services needed to promote growth,
particularly in private sector, with special attention to generation of Power, exploration of gas,
coal and other natural resources and to the development of rural infrastructure including market
outlets, for marketing rural products within and outside the locality.
6. To develop human resources with emphasis on compulsory primary education and vocational
training and foundation lying of knowledge-based society.
7. To keep the population growth rate within 1.20 percent by the end of the plan period and also
to ensure good health and nutrition for the babies and mothers.
8. To strengthen country's scientific and technological base with the emphasis on research and
development of new generation.
a) The plan could not be achieved describe under
b) Lack of appropriate statically data
c) Lack of capita
d) Lack of foreign exchange
e) Lack of specialists
f) Inflection
g) Lack of skilled manpower

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 h) Repaid increase population
i) Nature & calamities

4.3 Successful and efficient the plan 1997-2002

Bangladesh has enhanced its standard of living, economic power and prosperity, educational
system, and scientific research across the board. And because of this, while in the past
Bangladesh was believed to lag behind industrialized nations in moving forward, African nations
are now urged to anticipate that Bangladesh. Today's developments in Bangladesh are all the
direct product of years of deliberate effort. Bangladesh is currently reaping the rewards of
millions of people's suffering over a period of thousands of days. Bangladesh must first create
jobs and employment opportunities through a competitive business environment, increased
human capital and a skilled labor force, efficient infrastructure, and a policy environment that
attracts private investments if it is to realize its vision of becoming an upper middle-income
country by 2002. Diversifying exports outside the RMG sector, deepening the financial sector,
enhancing the inability of urbanization, and bolstering public institutions are other development
priorities. Closing infrastructural gaps would hasten growth and lessen opportunities' spatial
inequities between and within cities.
By addressing its vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change, Bangladesh can continue
to develop its resistance to shocks in the future. The development outcomes would be more
sustainable over the next five years if we shifted toward green growth.

5. 6th Five-year plan- 2011 to 2015

Under the leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina adopted the Vision 2021. The Vision
2021 and the associated Perspective Plan 2010-2021 have set solid development targets for
Bangladesh by the end of 2021. The implementation of Vision 2021 will be done through two
medium term development plans, with the first spanning FY11-15. A key focus of the plans will
therefore be on strategies, policies and institutions to help guide the private sector in helping
Bangladesh achieve the goals set in Vision 2021.The Sixth Five Year Plan is to develop
strategies, policies and institutions that allow Bangladesh to accelerate growth and reduce
poverty.
The Sixth Plan has been estimated at Bangladesh Taka (BDT) 13.5 trillion in FY2011 constant
prices. Public investment would amount to BDT 3.1 trillion (22.8% of total Plan investment).
Private Sector contribution has been estimated at BDT 10.4 trillion (77.2% of total Plan
investment). Domestic financing is projected at BDT (90.7% of total Plan investment). External
financing requirement has been estimated to be BDT 1.3 trillion (9.3% of the Plan investment) of
which BDT 0.4 trillion is projected to come from FDI sources. These modest levels of foreign
financing are realistic in relation to current trends and consistent with prudent external borrowing
strategy of the Government.

5.1 Main aimed & purpose of the plans

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A number of core targets have been identified to monitor the progress of the Sixth Plan. These
targets have been set according to the vision and objectives of the perspective plan as well as the
goals of the Millennium Development Goals. The achievement of these targets by the end of the
Sixth Plan should likely put Bangladesh on course to realize most of the objectives of the Vision
2021 and MDG goals. These monitor able targets fall in seven broad categories:
1.Income and Poverty
 Attaining average real GDP growth rate of 7.3% per year over the Plan period.
 Reduction in the head-count poverty ratio by about 10 percentage points.
 Creating good jobs for the large pool of under-employed and new labour force entrants
by increasing the share of employment in the industrial sector from 17 percent to
25percent.
 Increasing the contribution of factor productivity in economic growth to 10 percent.
 Overseas employment of skilled labor to be increased from 35% to 50%

2.Human Resource Development(Education, Health and Population)

 Achieving 100 percent net enrolment rate for primary education.
 Increasing enrolment rate in 12th class to 60%.
 Percentage of cohort reaching grade 5 to be increased to 100 from current 55 percent.
 Under 5 mortality rate to be reduced to 50 per 1000 live birth.
 Infant Mortality Rate to be reduced to 31 per 1000 live birth.
 Maternal Mortality Ratio to be reduced to 143 per 100,000 live births
 Immunization, measles (percent of children under 12 months) to be increased to
100percent.
 Births attended by skilled health staff to be increased to 50 percent.
 Reduction of Total Fertility Rate to 2.2
 Increasing Contraceptive Prevalence Rate to 72 percent

3. Water and Sanitation

 Safe drinking water to be made available for all urban population.
 Proportion of rural population with access to safe drinking water to be increased to
96.5percent.
 Proportion of urban population with access to sanitary latrines to be increased to 100
percent.
 Proportion of rural population with access to sanitary latrines to be raised to 90 percent.

4. Energy and Infrastructure

 Generation of electricity to be increased to 15,457 MW by FY15 such that the target of
20,000 MW electricity generated by FY21 is attained.
 Electricity coverage to be increased to 68 percent.
 To increase energy efficiency by 10%

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 Improve railways and waterways as energy efficient multi-modal transport system to
reduce carbon emission.
 Production of natural gas to reach about 4500 mmcfd by December 2015
 Optimizing domestic production of primary energy resources including renewable
energies.
 Expanding access of the poor to primary and secondary energy sources through
affordable pricing and targeted distribution.
 Construction of 6.15km. Long Padma Multipurpose Bridge at Mawa-Janjira.
 Construction of about 26 km. long Dhaka Elevated Expressway.

5. Gender Equality and Empowerment

 Female to male ratio in tertiary education to be raised from current 32 percent to 60
percent.
 The ratio of literate female to male for age group 20-24 to be raised to 100 percent from
the current 85 percent.

6. Environment Sustainability
 Increase productive forest coverage by 2 percentage points.
 Improve air quality in Dhaka and other large cities and enacted Clean Air Act
 Treat all urban waste water by FY15 to clean river waters
 Promote Zero discharge of industrial effluents.
 Urban wetlands are restored and protected in line with Wetland Conservation Act
 At least 10% of the wetland in peak dry season is protected as aquatic sanctuary
 Jolmahal leasing system phased out in favour of pro-poor community based management
Risk Atlas for at least 7 cities/towns developed by 2015.
 500 meter wide permanent green belt established and protected along the coast
 Eco-tourism promoted at least in 15 protected areas and ECAs
 Comprehensive Marine Resources Management Plan developed
 Land zoning for sustainable land/water use completed.
 Environmental, Climate Change and disaster risk reduction considerations are integrated
into project design, budgetary allocations and implementation process.
 Canals and natural water flows of Dhaka and other major cities restored.

7. Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

 Increase public spending on Research and Development to 1 percent of GDP by FY15
and 1.4 percent by FY 21.
 Establish compulsory ICT education at secondary level by FY13 and extend it to the
primary level by FY21.
 Establish tele-centre /community e-centre with internet facilities at all union level.
 Establish computer laboratory at the primary government school with 5 computers per
school.

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  Introduce of E-governance at all executive levels of government and at all district level.
 Introduce electronic GD and FIR at all Police Stations in Dhaka.
 Raise telephone density to 70 percent.
 Expand Broad Band to 30 percent.
 Introduce Wireless Broad Band (Wi Max) across the country.
 Introduce digitalization of land records

5.2 How successful the government in implementing the plans

As per the latest data per capital GDP is 2723$ that’s mean the GDP increase rate is 7.25% and
the per capital national income is 2824$ as well as GNI is 41,240,711 million tk, GDP
39,764,622 million tk. so we clearly see that income level increase.
In the health sector as per latest reports from the Bangladesh National Accounts, the Bangladeshi
government spends $2.3 billion on healthcare.
In the energy and infrastructure sector to full fill the plan government take many projects such
as:
Renewable Energy Resources of Bangladesh
 Solar Irrigation Bangladesh, being located between 20030’ and 26045’ north latitude,
has an average of 5 kWh/m2 of solar radiation falling over 300 days per annum. Daily
sunlight in Bangladesh ranges from 7 to 10 hours. This abundant solar energy has a great
potential in various sectors in Bangladesh, and its usage will contribute to reducing the
traditional fossil fuel-based power consumption, while ensuring a green environment for
future generations.
 Biomass Energy from biomass has prospects in the rural as well as urban areas. Apart
from cow dung, other biomass such as wood, forest residue, municipal solid waste and
poultry litter are popular sources of biomass energy.
 Wind Energy Bangladesh has a 700 km coastline, and there are several islands in the
Bay of Bengal. The strong south/south-westerly monsoon wind coming from the Indian
Ocean can be utilized to generate electricity from wind farms. Bangladesh has the
potential to produce wind energy in the coastal areas and on its islands. The government
has a plan to generate electricity from wind power under public and private initiatives.
Wind resource mapping projects have been taken up by the government. At present,
several wind resource assessment programs are ongoing in the country
 Solar Home System (SHS) Program Infrastructure Development Company Limited
(IDCOL) promotes and disseminates the Solar Home System (SHS) in remote, rural areas
through its Solar Energy Program with support from the World Bank. The Asian
Development Bank and the Islamic Development Bank. IDCOL started the program in
January 2003 and by July 2015 it successfully lanced more than 3.5 million SHSs with a
capacity of about 150 MW. IDCOL has lanced 6 million SHSs by 2016.

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  Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant The nuclear power plant (NPP) will include two units
namely Rooppur Unit-1 and Rooppur Unit-2 with a capacity of 1.2GW each. The
foundation stone for the Rooppur NPP was laid in 2013 and the rst concrete for the main
construction phase was poured in November 2017. Rooppur Unit-1 is scheduled to
commence operations in 2023, while Rooppur Unit-2 is due to come online in 2024.
 Matarbari Power Project The largest coal-red power project at Matarbari under
Moheshkhali Upazila of the district is expected to illuminate the whole country. After its
implementation, the power plant is projected to create a large number of employment in
the area, providing the local economy with a much needed boost and creating a massive
urbanization effect in the area. The construction of 1,200MW coal-red power plant is
going on in full swing at Matarbari in Cox’s Bazar and is expected to go into operation
by 2023. The Coal Power Generation Company Bangladesh Limited (CPGCBL) signed
an agreement with a consortium of three Japanese companies to build the plant. 600 MW
capacity two steam turbines, circulating cooling water stations, 275-meter high chimneys
and water purication systems will be installed in the project. For the import of coal, 7
kilometer naval channels will be created and jetties constructed in the river. Coal yard
will be built to store of coal. The communication system will be developed as well.

Also under this plan Bangladesh government made many HI tech parks in many district.
Mymensingh Sadar, Jamalpur Sadar, Keraniganj in Dhaka, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman University of Science and Technology in Gopalganj, Comilla Sadar South, Port in
Chittagong, Ramu in Cox's Bazar, Rangpur Sadar, Singra in Natore, Companiganj in Sylhet,
Barisal Sadar and Khulna Kuet.

5.3 There are some plans could not achieve and the reasons
There will be plans not achieve successfully like poverty rate, water and sanitation, environment
sustainability.
The main reason is high population and density. Uneducated population increases the poverty
rate. Water and sanitation is highly demanded thing these type of populated area so Bangladesh
try hard but not properly maintain the al demands. Bangladesh highly dependent on the fossil
fuel like octen, dissel etc. so properly maintain the environment sustainability is hard for
government so for these reason these plans not properly achieved.

5.4 How much successful and efficient these plans

The majority plan was successful and efficient because we see that in the Income and Poverty
plan Bangladesh get some major visual improvement high GDP growth, much more improve
standard of living
Energy and Infrastructure the main and biggest improvement get under this plan almost every
mega project work complete or 70% done.
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) under this sector government successfully
implement and create digital Bangladesh.

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 6. 7th Five-year plan- 2016 to 2020
Main theme of this plan: Accelerating growth, empowering citizen. This plan has two main parts.
1. Macro level perspective;
2. Sector development strategies.
This plan is given by the General Economics Division, Planning commission, Govt. of the
People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh approved 7th Five Year Plan
(2016-2020) in October 2015 aiming to empower people by creating employment and skill
development opportunities, Eradication of extreme poverty, economic growth, gender equality
and social development while protecting the environment.

6.1 The plan aimed for.

 Attaining average GDP growth of 7.4% per year over the Plan period.
 Poverty rate will come down from 24.8% to 18.6%.
 3. Power generation capacity which will be increased to 23000 MW by 2020 at the end of
the plan.
 4. 20% of the total population of the country will be highly educated
 5. in five years there will be 1 crore 29 lakh job resources
 6. In the period of 2016-2020, the total expatriate income will be 10 thousand 358
million dollars
 Padda Bridge and Dhaka Elevated Highway will be completed by 2020
 Internet penetration to 100% and broadband coverage to 50%

6.2 How successful were the government the plans & which part could not be
achieved properly.
1. Prior to the advent of COVID-19, the performance of the Seventh Plan in terms of achieving
major development targets relating to economic growth, economic transformation and poverty
reduction was highly positive. GDP growth accelerated and grew faster than envisaged in the
7FYP. Thus, the average GDP growth in the first 4 years of the 7FYP (7.6%) exceeds the target
in the Plan (7.4%). However, due to COVID-19, the actual average GDP growth rate stands at
7.13% covering the whole 7FYP period. During 2016-2019, Bangladesh was amongst the fastest
growing countries in the World. Progress in transforming the economy from a rural-based
agrarian economy towards a more modern urban-based manufacturing and services-based
economy has been strong. The export-led manufacturing sector reached new heights, growing at
an average pace of 12.7% per year. Along with strong growth in construction the GDP share of
industry reached 34.6%. Services sector grew robustly at 6%, supported by an expanding role of
modern service activities in transport, banking, real estate, ICT, healthcare and education.

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 2. Poverty rate will come down from 24.8% to 18.6%. 20.5% of the population lived below the
national poverty line in 2019. In Bangladesh, the proportion of employed population below $1.90
purchasing power parity/day in 2021 was 4.0%.National estimate of the country’s new poor
remains high in May 2022 due to inflation and slower-than-expected economic recovery from
the Covid-19 shock among the vulnerable non-poor, according to latest survey. The national
estimate of the “new poor” remains high at 18.54 per cent in May 2022
3. POWER &ENERGY, the total power generation capacity in 2015 stands around 14000 MW
which will be increased to 23000 MW by 2020 at the end of the plan.
4. 20% of the total population of the country will be highly educated; in 2020 it was
reported 22.83 %. Literacy rate, male (ages 15 and above) it was 77.82 % in 2020, Females
Literacy Rate: Aged 15 and above data was reported at 72.005 % in 2020. This records an
increase from the previous number of 71.948 % for 2019.
5. In the period of 2016-2020, the total expatriate income will be over 10,358million dollars
Bangladesh remittance income in year [2019-2020] US$18,205.01 Million According to the
World Bank, Bangladesh is the 7th highest recipient of remittance in the world. With almost
$22.1 billion in 2021 and was the third highest recipient of remittance in South Asia.

Dhaka-Ashulia elevated expressway

The government had approved Dhaka-Ashulia elevated expressway the project in October 2017
and the deadline for completion of the 24kmexpressway was set for the end of June, 2022. it’s
still under constitution. the project deadline extended to June 2026 and the total cost would be Tk
17,553.04 crore. The authorities said the major reason for the delay in project implementation
was the long time Chinese authorities took to approve the $1.1 billion loan.

6.3 How successful and efficient the current plan.

The 7th Plan emphasizes the need for adopting an effective results-based Monitoring &
Evaluation (M&E) strategy which can help monitor the implementation of the plan and
associated programs. In this regard, the 7th Plan will build on the M&E results framework
introduced during the 6th Plan and adopt much coherent and well-crafted development results
framework (DRF) with measurable indicators. Both core macro and sect oral quantitative results
will be monitored to measure the effective implementation of the 7th Plan.

7. 8th Five- year plan- 2021 to 2025

Bangladesh has adopted its plan to realize the goals to march towards upper middle-income
country status and attain the SDGs by 2030. Keeping the covid-19 setback in consideration,
strategies for GDP growth acceleration and job creation are the center of the plan for the fiscal
years between 2021 (February) -2025.

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  The plan delineates macroeconomic policy framework and strategies directions for
reducing poverty and inequalities.
 The plan identifies 6 policy areas for reducing inequality.
 Universal health coverage.
 Universal access to equality education.
 Early childhood development and nutrition interventions.
 Cash transfer to poor families.
 Rural infrastructure, especially roads and electrification.
 Progressive taxation.

8th Five Year Plan, July 2021 - June 2025: Promoting prosperity and fostering inclusiveness.
The first steps to bring Bangladesh closer to attaining Upper Middle-Income Country status,
major Sustainable Development Goal targets, and eliminating extreme poverty.

The National Economic Council approved Bangladesh's 8th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) with
targets to attain 8.51 percent GDP growth and reduce the poverty rate to 15.6 percent at the end
of this period.

7.1 The major target of plan aimed for five-year plans.

The 8thFive Year Plan will be implemented during the period 2021-2025 Economic Growth:

The economic growth will be 9.30% by 2025. The GDP in Bangladesh is forecast to amount to
US$0.51tn in 2025. The real total GDP in Bangladesh is expected to grow by 9.30% by 2025.

 11.3 Million people will get employed in within 2025.

 By 2025, 3.2 million people will be employed overseas
 Poverty and extreme poverty rate will drop down to 15.6% and 7.4% respectively.
 100% Electrification by 2023
 Power Production capacity to reach 30,000 MW by the end of the Five-year plan.

7.2 How successful were the government in implementing the plans.

In the five - year plan, a target was set to attain yearly 8 percent GDP growth on average in the
next five years. (2021-2025)

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 They have set so many goals to achieve the next 5 years of plan, and already we can see a view
that is Karnaphuli tunnel is under construction, and the Metro Rail which is the Bengalis dream
going to lunch in December in this year. And there is so many projects on going to complete in
2025 as we can hope for the best for our beloved country.

Some Tk 64,959.8 billion is required to implement the 8th Five -Year Plan. Out of the amount,
Tk 12,301.2 billion will be mobilized from the public sector, while Tk 52,658.6 billion from the
private sector, said the planning minister.

He said the government is eying to mobilize Tk 57,483.9 billion from domestic sources while Tk
7,475.9 billion from foreign sources. The government set targets to bring down the poverty rate
to 15.6 percent and the extreme poverty rate to 7.4 percent during the 8th Five -Year Plan of
Bangladesh (duration 2021-2025).

7.3 Some part of the plans could not be achieved.

Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant. I haven’t heard of any feasibility, profitability or environment-
related assessment reports. But that is the country’s largest project. Credit has been taken from
only one source for this project worth more than Tk 1 trillion (Tk 100,000 crore). And, dealing
has become tougher because of the war. Nobody knows when the problems will be resolved.
There is no possibility of the project being profitable. We have to bear it. The amount of credit
for the project is huge, US $13 billion (1,300 crore). When the credit was taken, the amount was
one-fourth of the total amount of Bangladesh’s foreign loan. This is not acceptable for a country
like Bangladesh.

Another one is unprofitable projects of the Railway Department as well. For example, the setting
the railway tracks between Cox’s Bazar and Ramu. What would be carried here? We do not have
that much trade with Myanmar. But we have been constructing the track at a cost of Tk 12,000
crore. The government has rejected two railway projects as the Chinese contractors demanded
extra money.

Payra port was never a profitable project. It was scrapped ever after spending several thousand
crores of taka. I think that was a right decision. But it would have been better if the realization
had come earlier. For example, it would have been better if Rampal Power Plant project were
rejected at the outset.

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7.4 How Successful and efficient the current plan.
First of all to achieve its vision of attaining upper middle-income status by 2025, Bangladesh
needs to create jobs and employment opportunities through a competitive business environment
increased human capital and skilled labor force, efficient infrastructure, and a policy
environment that attracts private investments. Other development priorities include diversifying
exports beyond the RMG sector, deepening the financial sector; making urbanization more
sustainable and strengthening public institutions. Addressing infrastructure gaps would
accelerate growth and reduce spatial disparities in opportunities across regions and within cities.
Addressing vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters will help Bangladesh to
continue to build resilience to future shocks. Pivoting towards green growth would support the
sustainability of development outcomes for the next 5 years.

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 8.reference
 8th Five Year Plan, July 2020 - June 2025 : promoting prosperity and fostering
inclusiveness : IRC. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from
https://www.ircwash.org/resources/8th-five-year-plan-july-2020-june-2025-promoting-
prosperity-and-fostering-inclusiveness
 Bangladesh Economic Policy and Planning - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate,
Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social
Statistics, Political System. (n.d.-b). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from
https://photius.com/countries/bangladesh/economy/bangladesh_economy_economic_poli
cy_and_%7E239.html
 Bhuiyan, A. U. (n.d.). Approaches to Development Planning in Bangladesh: from 5 year
plan to PRSP and again reverting back to 5 year plan. Retrieved September 18, 2022,
from https://www.slideshare.net/Ahasanthegreat/approaches-to-development-planning-
in-bangladesh-from-5-year-plan-to-prsp-and-again-reverting-back-to-5-year
 http://plancomm.gov.bd/site/files/70be770d-5d7e-43dc-b0e6-4d221462efb6/-
 https://plandiv.portal.gov.bd/site/files/9bf8d551-bec7-49fe-8719-b075e535ece4/-

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