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DP Biology Prokaryotes - Student 2020 PDF
DP Biology Prokaryotes - Student 2020 PDF
um
Prokaryotes
Reading Assignment: pg. 1620
Name:___________________________
1
Transmission Scanning
Electron Microscope Electron Microscope
Electrons are bounced off of the
Electrons are sent through a thin
surface of a specimen (hence
slice of the specimen (hence scanning) that has been covered
transmission), creating an image in a gold/metal mist. This creates
that appears 'flat' and shows inner an image that appears '3D' and
details. shows surface details.
TEM image of E. coli bacteria
Light microscopes use light waves (400700 nm in
size) to produce an image, meaning even the best
light microscopes can only distinguish objects
about 200 nm in size. SEM image of a house ant
Electron microscopes use electrons (much smaller
than wavelength of light) to produce an image,
giving them a much better resolution and much
higher magnification.
Resolution
Unaided Eyes
Light Microscope
Electron Microscope
Magnification
magnification =
2
• they are smaller and simpler than eukaryotes
Prokaryotes • typically 13 um in size
• have no organelles membranebound internal cell structures
• can only be unicellular (a single cell)
• divide by binary fission (splitting of cell)
• evolved first
• found almost everywhere (soil, water, air, skin, intestines, volcanic
water pools)
Examples Include:
This scanning electron TEM
micrograph (SEM)
shows E. coli, a
common type of
bacteria.
SEM
(pronounced AreKayAh)
Draw the
ultrastructure of
E.coli as an example
prokaryote
E. coli is the classic 'model' microbe,
used in many kinds of pathogenic and
genetic research
1 um
3
The ultrastructure of E. coli
as an example prokaryote
1 um
4
Which structures can you identify in this electron micrograph?
(b) A thin section through E. coli (TEM)
Describe the appearance of the nucleoid region, cytoplasm, and any other cell parts that
looked different than you'd expect (these are helpful notes to yourself for later).
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Which structures can you identify in this electron micrograph?
(b) A thin section
through E. coli (TEM)
(a) A typical rodshaped
bacterium
5
Prokaryotes
'before' 'nucleus'
Bacterial cells divide/clone themselves at
a constant rate, resulting in exponential
population growth. This is much simpler
than mitosis in Eukaryotes.
Eventually resources become limited,
resulting in the stationary phase.
Antibiotics (penicillin) or lack of resources
result in death and population decline.
Can you explain why the line is straight
even though the growth is exponential?
Draw and Annotate a Diagram of
Binary Fission
chromosomes are pulled to
opposite sides of the dividing cell
cell grows and
chromosome replicates
semiconservatively into
bacterium has
two identical copies
single closedloop
naked DNA
chromosome
Division of the cytoplasm follows. Each new
cell, called a daughter cell, contains one
copy of the chromosome.
They are clones because they contain
identical sets of DNA (genetically identical).
This is asexual reproduction.
Need extra help? Try this web site: