ANTHROPOMETRICS

• Comes from the Greek words 'anthropos' (meaning human), and

'metron' (meaning measure).

• Human dimensions and capabilities are paramount in determining a

building's dimensions and overall design.

• The underlying principle of anthropometrics is that building designs

should adapt to suit the human body, rather than people having to
adapt to suit the buildings.
TYPES OF ANTHROPOMETRICS

• Static anthropometry is the measurement of body sizes at rest and when

using devices such as chairs, tables, beds, mobility devices, and so on..

• Functional anthropometry is the measurement of abilities related to the

completion of tasks, such as reaching, maneuvering and motion, and other

aspects of space and equipment use.

IMPORTANCE OF ANTHROPOMETRICS

• The use of anthropometrics in building design aims to ensure that every

person is as comfortable as possible.
• In practical terms, this means that the dimensions must be appropriate,
ceilings high enough, doorways and hallways wide enough, and so on.
• In recent times, it has come to have particular significance for workplace
design, and the relationship between desk, chair, keyboard and computer
display.
ADULTS
CHILDRENS
CHILDRENS
WORKSTATIONS
WORKSTATIONS
ERGONOMICS
Derived from two Greek words:
• “Nomoi” meaning natural laws
• “Ergon” meaning work
• the science and the art of fitting the job and the workplace to workers’
needs.
• It is the study of work
• It is a way to make jobs/tasks fit the employees better
• It is a way to make work easier
USER IDENTIFICATION
To design a particular space or a building the designer need to identify first
who will be the end user of the space, he or she must identify the following:
• Age
• Gender
• Psychological background
• Number of user
• Nature of his/her work
• Religion
• Way he/she lives
• Socio economic background
USER IDENTIFICATION (FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
If you have given a chance to design a space for example a residence first
and foremost you will identify the users by personal interview or by having a
organizational chat if it is for a multi occupant company

FATHER

MOTHER

SON 1 DAUGHTER 1 SON 2

DOG PET

SMALL FAMILY ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

USER IDENTIFICATION (FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
FATHER- the head of the family, the one who is the provider for daily expenses and do repair jobs
at the house, also the protector of the family

MOTHER- responsible for our foods and house she can be working or not, she is the most tired
member of the family sometimes also nicknamed “speaker of the house” because she speaks a
lot.

SON 1- the first-born child in the family, he likes to play sports, and play guitar sometimes helps
the father in repairing jobs in the house he is at senior high school

DAUGHTER- likes to sleep and watch K-pop artist looks like a Korean model, have a lot of
scrapbooks, likes to take photos of herself a lot and putting it on a frame in the wall of her room.

SON 2- the favorite of the mother, have a lot of toys, he is the one who draw figures at the walls
of the house, he also likes to read books bought by his father.
SAMPLE BEHAVIORAL PATTERN (FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
FATHER

SHOWER DRESS-UP
WAKE-UP EAT

DRIVE WORK EAT WORK

DRIVE HOME EAT SLEEP

SPACE IDENTIFICATION (FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
LIVING ROOM- a room in a home that's used for entertaining friends, talking, reading, or
watching television. If you're a couch potato, you most likely spend lots of time in your living
room.

DINING ROOM- a room for consuming food. In modern times it is usually adjacent to the
kitchen for convenience in serving.

KITCHEN- a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a dwelling or in
a commercial establishment. A modern middle-class residential kitchen is typically equipped
with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator, and worktops and kitchen
cabinets arranged according to a modular design

TOILET & BATH - is a room for personal hygiene activities, generally containing a toilet, a
sink (basin) and either a bathtub, a shower, or both.
SPACE IDENTIFICATION (FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
BEDROOM- a room that is a place for taking a rest and sleeping, it has a closet for clothes a
bed, some have television and computers and other personal belongings of the occupant.
SERVICE AREA- it is place where we clean our clothes and do other utility works usually at
the back of the house.
POWDER ROOM- a rest room without bath or shower

MATRIX DIAGRAM(FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)

After all spaces are define, we will now define the adjacency of area to each other, it is done
by putting essential, neutral, detrimental to intersecting space in the matrix box.
MATRIX DIAGRAM(FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
BUBBLE DIAGRAM(FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
SAMPLE SPACE COMPUTATION (FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
SAMPLE SPACE COMPUTATION (FOR A RESIDENTIAL SPACE)
• In space computation we need to identify the furniture that the occupant will use and the
number of user that will occupy the space at the same time

• Putting additional circulation space for the area

• The result of the space computation will be the minimum area for the space
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS
It can be feasible to design more comfortable and sustainable housing
without significant cost increases. Appropriate technology, holistic, and
integrated design approaches should be emphasized. Passive design
features that use natural ventilation and light, thermal mass, and good
insulation. Sustainable design includes all aspects of the region and
microclimate, including analysis of the site and regional environmental
conditions, ecology, biology, geological history, anthropology, and climate
data. An in-depth analysis of the site will help determine the following (Ali &
Armstrong, 2008):
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS
• Low-maintenance strategy for the upkeep and operational costs of the Structure
• Landscape type, size, location, and variation
• Building materials and finishes appropriate to the impacts of the climate and the
weather
• Location of openings for natural ventilation
• The location of glazing to promote or reduce heat gain
• The glazing location, orientation, and size necessary or natural and passive
Daylight
• Building’s orientation relative to natural light and ventilation
• Optimum form and size of the building footprint
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS
Plan Geometry

Since the Philippines is in the Hot and humid zone, all of the content is under this

zone. The hot and humid climates are classified into tropical and subtropical zones.

Tropical condition is found in lower latitudes between 15 degrees north, and 15

degrees south of the equator and the subtropical climates are located between 15-
23.5

degree north and 15-23.5 degree south of the equator.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS
In this climate, the east and west sides of a building
receive low altitude sun rays
that produce substantial heat gain. This is a result of
the incident sun striking the building
surface with close to right angles on the east and west.

To reduce the heat gain, it is best to minimize the

building's dimension on these
sides. In a building, the rectangular plan performs well
and ideal form in the hot climate
at a lower altitude. Because the east and west sides of
the building receive the most intense
heat from the sun minimizing the plan dimension in
these facades can reduce solar heat
gain significantly.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS
Minimizing the plan dimensions in the east and west
can reduce solar heat gain
significantly. Plan geometries that form shallow floor
depths are ideal in this climatic
zone because they maximize cross ventilation and
provide ample access to natural light.

The building Orientation must be East-West Axis

5 degrees north of east. Because
the east and west sides of the building receive the most
intense heat from the sun,
minimizing the plan dimension in these facades can
reduce solar heat gain significantly.

BUILDING ORIENTATION
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS
Minimizing the plan dimensions in the east and west
can reduce solar heat gain
significantly. Plan geometries that form shallow floor
depths are ideal in this climatic
zone because they maximize cross ventilation and
provide ample access to natural light.

The building Orientation must be East-West Axis

5 degrees north of east. Because
the east and west sides of the building receive the most
intense heat from the sun,
minimizing the plan dimension in these facades can
reduce solar heat gain significantly.

BUILDING ORIENTATION
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS

Placing the building service core along the east and

west side will reduce heat gain
by providing shaded zones, thus reducing the
temperature.

The figure shows that the circulation must be in

frontage area of the building and the
service core it places in the two ends of the building.

Mass and Service Core

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS
Average wind speeds are generally low and less
frequent in a hot and humid
climate, and the prevailing wind is from the south and
southeast during overheated
periods. Because humidity levels are very high,
evaporative cooling is not effective in
this zone, and mass cooling is preferred passive
strategy.
The figure shows the ideal window openings
perpendicular to the prevailing wind
direction as well as pressure differences between the
inside and outside facilitate cross ventilation,
South-east has 8.1 mph the prevailing winds in
overheated period, and North

Natural Ventilation has 9.3 mph on under heated period.