THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

( It is relating to the middle Ages)

 In the estimation of Tahera Qutbuddin, the citation of women’s poetry in the general medieval
anthologies is sparse.
 In his introduction to Nuzha al-Julasa al-Suyuti refers to a large anthology-now lost- of ancient
women’s poetry.
EXPLANATION; Mula dito ang mga women poets ay pwede sira bumuo sit usa ka dynamic part
of the poetic landscape, hindi bababa sa klasikal na panahon, kaysa sa karaniwang
pinaniniwalaan.

 Pre-Islamic women’s literature seems to have been limited to the genre of marathiya ( Elegy).
EXPLANATION; This concentration on the ritha or elegy suggests that this was a form deemed
acceptable for women to work with. However, the love lyric was also an important genre of
womens poetry.
 SO this concentration on the ritha or elegy suggests that amu ini it gin tuturing na
katanggap tanggap para sit mga babaye na magtrabaho. However, an mga love lyric is
usa geaf ka Importante san genre of womens poetry.

 The Umayyad and Abbasid periods saw professional singing slave girls ( qiyan,sing.quayna) who
sang love songs and accompanied these with music.
EXPLANATION; So the Professional singing slave girls na si qiyan.sing, quayna is nagperformed
during the Umayyad and Abbasid period.
In addition to panegyric so when we say panegyric is a public speech or published text or
competitive verse-capping. Qiyan also sang love poetry (ghazal)
Ghazals are an ancient form of poems that originated in the 7 th century in Arabic poetry.
Written in the form of multiple couplets. When we say multiple couplets meaning two lines of
verse. AND also the general themes of ghazal is about love,longing, and also pain.

 Pre-eminenet Abbasid singing-girls included;

Explanation; so amu ini sira an mga famous singing Abbasid women
 Inan (paramour of Harun al-Rashid).
 Arib al-Ma’muniyya ( concubine of Al-Ma’mun)
 Fadl Ashshaira ( concubine of Al-Mutawakkil)
 Harun al-Rashid’s half-sister ‘ Ulayya bint al-Mahdi was also known for her poetic skills, as was
the mystic and poet of Basra Rabi’a al-Adawiyya.
Explanation; so when we say mystic is a person who tries to gain religious or spiritual
knowledge through prayer and deep thought.

 So dinhi gin papahiwatig na an Womens had important role in pre-modern periods as patrons of
the arts.
 Writings from medieval Moorish Spain attest to several important female writers, pre-eminently
Wallada bint al-Mustakfi.
 Umawi princess of al-Andulus, who wrote Sufi poetry and was the lover of fellow poet;
Zaydun;
Explanation; Sufi poetry emerged as a form of mystical Islamic devotional literature that
express themes such as devine love so when we say devine love is the dimention of true
nature responsible for the arising of qualities, feelings, and affects in experience. And also
the mystical union between man and God. Often through the metaphors of secular love
poetry.

 the Granadan poet Hafsa Bint al-Hajj al-Rukuniyya

 Nazhun al-Garnatiya bint al-Qulai’iya
 This and other women writers suggests a hidden world of literature by women.

The role of women as character in Arabic literature was significant

 Despite their lack of prominence among the literary elite, women still played an important part
as characters in Arabic literature.

 Sirat al-amirah Dhat al-Himmah, For example, is an Arabic epic with a female warrior.
 Fatima Dhat al-Himma – as a protagonist
EXPLANATION; Sirat al-amirah Dhat al-Himmah the text is extracted from the longest
extant Arabic sira or epic, so when we say epic it is long poem. Sirat al-amira dhat al-
Himma, meaning “ Epic of the commander Dhat al-Himma. The term Amira, translated
to commander as “ princess, warrior women or lady.

 Scheherazade - is a famous for cunningly telling stories in the “One Thousand and One Nights
to save her life.

 The Mamluk period saw the flourishing of the Sufi master and poet ‘A’isha al-Ba’uniyya
 Who was the probably the Arabic-speaking world’s most profilic female author before
the twentieth century.
 She came from al-Ba’uni family, noted for its judges and scholars, and belonged to the ‘
Urmawi branch of the Qadiriyya orde.
 A’isha composed of least twelve books in prose and verse
 Which included over three hundred long mystical and religious poems.
CONTEMPORARY ARABIC LITERATURE

( living or occurring at the same time)

It is sufficient to say that, despite the fact that female Arab author’s continue to court controversy by
addressing explicit themes or taboo subjects in their works. This themes is being explored more
vehemently and explicitly as a result of increased exposure due to social media and increased global
interist in Arab literature.

Explanation; So nganhi sa contemporary Arab literature an mga female Arab author’s ay patuloy la geaf
na humaharap sit kontrobersya sit pamamagitan sit pagpili sit themes or topic. S o dapat it pillion na
themes or topic is dapat interesting ngan dpat ma explore or exposure san social media nga para mag
increased and interest san Arab literature.

 Arab female writers;

 Hanan al-sheikh
 Is a Labanese author of contemporary literature.
 Also is award winning journalist, novelist and playwright
 One of the Arab world’s most acclaimed contemporary writers.
 Salwa al Neimi
 Is an Syrian writer, poet and journalist living in France
 She is known for her outspoken views on topics which are taboo in the
Muslim world particularly, female sexuality.
 Joumanna Haddad
 Labanese author, public speaker, journalist and human nights activist.
 She has been selected as one of the world’s 100 most powerful Arab
women.
 Assia Djebar
 Was an Algerian novelist, translator and fillmaker
 Ahdaf Soueif
 Is an Egyptian novelist and political cultural commentator.
 Yasmine El-Rashidi
 Is an Egyptian author
 She is the author of the battle for Egypt

EXPLANATION; Si Ahdaf Soueif ngan si Yasmine El-Rashidi sira an two

people na nag speak out against less discussed issues like sex,
prostitution, homosexuality, political censorship, and domestically in the
Arab diaspora in connection with Arab emigration.

 Contemporary female Arab writers/poets/journalist alongside producing literature and non-

fiction works often take on an activists role in their careers in order to highlight and improve the
female condition in Arab society.
 EXPLANATION; So the contemporary Arab female writer,poets, and journalist frequently take
on activist roles in their work to draw attention to improve the condition of women in Arab
society. So dinhi gin tagaan sin imporetansya an mga female na para ma enhance pa nira it ira
skills.

FEMALE ROLE MODEL LIKE

 Mona Eltahawy
 Award winning Egyptian columnist and international public speaker.
 In 2015, she released her bppk Headscarves and Hymens.

EXPLANATION; Headscarves and Hymens explodes the myth that we should

stand back and watch while women are disempowered and abused in the
name of religion. In this laceratingly honest account, Eltahawy takes aim both
at attitudes in the Middle East and at the western liberals who mistake
misogyny for cultural difference

EXPLANATION;
Ang mga Headscarves at Hymens is exploding sa alamat na dapat tayong tumayo at panoorin
habang ang mga kababaihan ay nawalan ng kapangyarihan at inaabuso sa ngalan ng relihiyon. Sa
critican honest narratives , tinutuon ni Eltahawy ang mga thoughts san Middle East and the western
liberals na napagkakamalang pagkakaiba ng kultura ang misogyny.

 Contemporary Arab women’s literature has been strongly influenced by the diaspora of Arabic
speakers.