Ripple factor can be used as a measure of the deviation of the output voltage and current of a

rectifier from ideal dc.

( )
Peak to peak ripple of f f̂ pp : By definition
f̂ pp = f max - f min Over period T……………… …(9.5)

Fundamental component of f(F1): It is the RMS value of the sinusoidal component in the
Fourier series expression of f with frequency 1/T.

∴ F1 =
1 2
2
( 2
)
f A1 + f B1 ………………………....(9.6)

2 T
where f A1 = ∫ f ( t ) cos 2π t dt ……………………(9.7)
T 0 T
2 T
f B1 = ∫ f ( t ) sin 2π t dt …………………….(9.8)
T 0 T

Kth harmonic component of f(FK): It is the RMS value of the sinusoidal component in the
Fourier series expression of f with frequency K/T.

∴ FK =
2
(
1 2 2
)
f AK + f BK …………………………(9.9)

2 T
where f AK = ∫ f(t) cos2πK t T dt ………………...(9.10)
T 0
2 T
f BK = ∫ f(t) sin2πK t T dt …………………(9.11)
T 0

Crest factor of f(Cf) : By definition

f̂
Cf = ……………………………………(9.12)
FRMS

Distortion factor of f(DFf) : By definition

F
DFf = 1 …………………………………..(9.13)
FRMS

Total Harmonic Distortion of f(THDf): The amount of distortion in the waveform of f is

quantified by means of the index Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). By definition
2
⎛ Fk ⎞
α
THD f = ∑ ⎜ ⎟ ………………………..(9.14)
K=0 ⎝ F1 ⎠
K ≠1

From which it can be shown that

2
1- DFf
THDf = ……………………………(9.15)
DFf

Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 6