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Daily Current Affairs-28 September
Daily Current Affairs-28 September
SEPTEMBER,
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2022
GS
ANALYST
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DAILY
CURRENT AFFAIRS
DAILY SEPTEMBER, 2022
Continued pollution
In 2010, a report submitted by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) found that
despite various government schemes to reduce pollution in the TTZ area, the iconic Taj Mahal continued to face
a threat from water and air pollution.
The issuea
o This is the first American military assistance package to Pakistan after the Trump Administration
ended defence and security co-operation with the country in 2018 after accusing it of giving only “lies
and deceit” for the billions of dollars that the US had “foolishly” given it.
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o India is not too pleased with the United States’ recent decision to provide a massive $450 million F-16
fighter jet fleet sustainment programme to Pakistan.
o The Biden administration approved the F-16 sustainment programme for Pakistan, reversing the decision
of the previous Trump administration.
o The US defended its decision by saying that the package was to fight terrorism.
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o Aimed against Pakistan’s nuclear ambitions, ‘The Pressler Amendment’ froze it out of military assurance.
In layman’s terms, no more F-16s.
o However, a decade later, the Bush Administration did not only approve the release of the blocked F-16s,
but also allowed the sale of new F-16s, along with a refurbishment package.
o During India and Pakistan’s last aerial skirmish in 2019, Pakistan brought down a MiG-21 flown by the
Indian Air Force’s Abhinandan Varthaman. The move acted as a show of strength for the F-16, cementing
Pakistan’s intentions to use the aircraft in all future operations.
o However, from another point of view, the package could also be a signal from the States to both Islamabad and
New Delhi to break the long impasse in their relations.
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Categorization of Awards
The following are the five key categories for which this award is given:
Rajat Kamal or Silver Lotus Award There are 25 major categories, such as best
feature film, and so on.
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Best Feature film in the languages specified in Schedule There are 12 different categories, including Hindi,
VIII of the Constitution. Bengali, and others.
Best Feature film specified in the Languages other than English, Bhojpuri, Kokborok, Monpa, and Tulu
those specified in Schedule VIII of the Constitution among the five categories.
JALDOOT APP
CONTEXT:
The Union Rural Development Ministry recently launched a mobile application that will enable gram rojgar
sahayaks to measure the water level of selected wells twice a year — before and after the monsoon.
⦿ ABOUT:
o A seafloor ridge stretching from New Zealand to Tonga has the highest density of underwater
volcanoes in the world.
o Recently, one of the volcanoes awoke and the Home Reef repeatedly oozed lava and ejected plumes of
steam and ash.
o A new island rose above the water surface which was captured by the Operation Land Imager-2.
o The plumes of superheated acidic seawater contained particulate matter, volcanic rock fragments and
sulphur.
o The new island is located southwest of Late Island, northeast of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai.
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Do you know?
• Home Reef sits within the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone, an area where three tectonic plates are
colliding at the fastest converging boundary in the world.
• The Pacific Plate here is sinking beneath two other small plates, yielding one of Earth’s deepest trenches
and most active volcanic arcs.
Subduction Zones
o Subduction is a process in geology where one tectonic plates slides underneath another one and
merges into the Earth’s mantle.
o The denser plate is the one that slips under the less dense plate; the younger plate is the less dense one.
The process is not a smooth one.
o The tectonic plates grate against each other, which often causes earthquakes.
o The plate that slips under does not stay that way. Due to the heat caused by it rubbing against the other
plate as well as the natural heat of the mantle, the plate melts and turns into magma.
o The area where subduction occurs is known as the subduction zone.
o A subduction zone is the biggest crash scene on Earth. These boundaries mark the collision between two
tectonic plates.
o When two tectonic plates meet at a subduction zone, one bends and slides underneath the other,
curving down into the mantle, the hotter layer under the crust.
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It is the first-ever effort in the country to frame a national framework for air quality management with
a time-bound reduction target.
Goal of NCAP is to meet the prescribed annual average ambient air quality standards at all locations in
the country in a stipulated timeframe.
o The tentative national level target of 20%–30% reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration
by 2024 is proposed under the NCAP taking 2017 as the base year for the comparison of
concentration. (Now set at 40% by 2026.)
o Objectives
➤ To augment and evolve effective and proficient ambient air quality monitoring network across the
country for ensuring comprehensive and reliable database
➤ To have efficient data dissemination and public outreach mechanism for timely measures for preventio n
and mitigation of air pollution and for inclusive public participation in both planning and implementation
of the programmes and policies of government on air pollution
➤ To have feasible management plan for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
o Approach:
➤ Collaborative, Multi-scale and Cross-Sectoral Coordination between relevant Central Ministries, State
Government and local bodies.
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o At the time of DART’s impact, Didymos will be visible enough to be a good candidate for study and distant
enough to be no danger, at approximately 6.8 million miles (11 kilometers) away from Earth.
What is an Asteroid?
• Asteroids are small, airless rocky worlds revolving around the sun that are too small to be called
planets.
• They are also known as planetoids or minor planets.
• In total, the mass of all the asteroids is less than that of Earth’s moon. But despite their size, asteroids
can be dangerous.
• Many have hit Earth in the past, and more will crash into our planet in the future.
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EDITORIAL
⦿ SUPERFICIAL DECLARATIONS
o No support from P-5: Although the permanent members do make some noise about
supporting a new entrant, the fact is that none of the five permanent (P-5) members wants to
see UNSC ranks to be increased. Intrinsically each of them is confident enough that the idea
of its enlargement will shoot down by one among the P-5.
⦿ INTRICACIES OF MEMBERSHIP
o Unhappiness about the right to veto: P-5 are no saints. The members of the P-5 club
have used this privileged right on many occasions in a biased manner. For example, western
members use the veto to protect Israel when the Palestinian question was being discussed;
Russia, in its incarnations as the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, has cast more
vetoes than its western counterparts.
o Support and Opposition: India, Japan, Brazil, and Germany are the declared candidates
for permanent membership, called G-4. Pakistan and China will oppose India; China also
doesn’t support Japan; Brazil has regional opponents and claimants; Italy is firmly opposed
to Germany’s claim.
o Amending the charter: Changing the membership of the Council requires amending the
Charter. This involves the consent of two-thirds of the total membership of the U N,
including the concurring votes of P-5. This means that each of the five has a veto.
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o Permanent membership without the right of veto: Some experts are of the opinion that
India should not accept permanent membership without the right of veto, as we cannot
accept second-class status. According to other few, even a permanent membership without
veto will be tremendously helpful in protecting our interests.
⦿ QUESTION.
Discuss the need for reforms in the UNSC and how India should look at the membership of the
council from the perspective of national interest only.
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