The significant development to the concept of a system was done by Norbert Wiener

(Links to an external site.)and Ross Ashby (Links to an external site.) who

pioneered the use of mathematics to study systems?
t
In the 1980s the term complex adaptive system (Links to an external site.)was
coined at the interdisciplinary Santa Fe Institute (Links to an external site.) by
John H. Holland, (Links to an external site.)Murray Gell-Mann (Links to an
external site.)and others?
t
The term system may also refer to a set of rules that governs structure and/or
behavior?
t
Systems science thinking
attempts to illustrate how
small catalytic events that
are separated by distance
and time can be the cause
of significant changes in
complex systems.
t
The French physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot was the first one who develops the
concept of a system in the Natural Sciences and also studied the thermodynamics?
t
Systems thinking techniques may be used to study any kind of system —natural,
(Links to an external site.) scientific, (Links to an external site.) engineered,
(Links to an external site.)human, (Links to an external site.)or conceptual?
t
Systems thinking techniques may be used to study a specific kind of systems?
t
Systems thinking is the process of understanding how things, regarded as systems,
influence one another within a whole?
t
In the 1980s the term complex adaptive system (Links to an external site.)was
coined at the interdisciplinary Santa Fe Institute (Links to an external site.) by
Norbert Wiener and Ross Ashby, (Links to an external site.)and others?
t
Systems thinking concerns an understanding of a system by examining the linkages
and interactions between the elements that compose the entirety of the system?
t
One of the pioneers of the general systems theory (Links to an external site.)was
the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy (Links to an external site.)?
t
Systems’ thinking focuses on linear rather than cyclical cause and effect?
t
"System" means "something to look at"?
t
Systems thinking has been defined as an approach to problem-solving, by viewing
"problems" as parts of an overall system, rather than reacting to specific part,
outcomes or events and potentially contributing to further development of
unintended consequences? (Links to an external site.)
t
Systems’ thinking is not one thing but a set of habits or practices within a
framework that is based on the belief that the component (Links to an external
site.)parts of a system (Links to an external site.)can best be understood in the
context of relationships with each other and with other systems, rather than in
isolation?
t
Systems science thinking attempts to illustrate how big catalytic events that are
not separated by distance and time can be the cause of significant changes in

This study source was downloaded by 100000846781812 from CourseHero.com on 05-23-2022 20:35:14 GMT -05:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/127521563/ST-FA1txt/
 complex (Links to an external site.) systems?
f
The significant development to the concept of a system was done by John H. Holland
(Links to an external site.)and Murray Gell-Mann (Links to an external site.) who
pioneered the use of mathematics to study systems?
f
Systems’ thinking is one thing but a set of habits or practices without a framework
that is based on the belief that the component (Links to an external site.)parts
of a system (Links to an external site.)can best be understood in the context of
relationships with each other and with other systems, rather than in isolation?
f
One of the pioneers of the general systems theory (Links to an external site.)was
the Physicist Rudolf Clausius?
f
Systems’ thinking focuses on cyclical rather than linear cause and effect?
t
Global temperature is subject to long-term fluctuations that overlay shorth term
trends and can permanently mask them?
t
The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea levels \ and
a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well as a probable
decreasing of tropical deserts?
t
Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and
oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation?
t
Global temperature is subject to short-term fluctuations that overlay long term
trends and can temporarily mask them?
t
The southern hemisphere (Links to an external site.)warms faster than the northern
hemisphere (Links to an external site.)because it has more land and because it has
extensive areas of seasonal snow and sea-ice cover subject to ice-albedo feedback?
(Links to an external site.)
f
The thermal inertia (Links to an external site.)of the oceans and slow responses
of other indirect effects mean that climate can take centuries or longer to adjust
to changes in forcing?
t
Ocean temperatures increase faster than land temperatures because of the shorter
effective heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean gained more heat by
evaporation?
f
Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and
oceans since the late 17th century and its projected continuation.
f
Future warming and related changes will vary from region to region (Links to an
external site.)around the globe?
t
Warming of the climate system (Links to an external site.)is equivocal, and
scientists are more than 60% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing
concentrations of greenhouse gases (Links to an external site.) produced by human
activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (Links to an external site.) and
deforestation (Links to an external site.).
t
The rate of warming over the last half of that period was almost double for the
period of 1906 to 2005 as a whole (0.13±0.03 °C per decade, versus 0.07±0.02 °C per
decade)?
t
Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with the

This study source was downloaded by 100000846781812 from CourseHero.com on 05-23-2022 20:35:14 GMT -05:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/127521563/ST-FA1txt/
 continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice?
t
Warming of the climate system (Links to an external site.)is unequivocal, and
scientists are more than 90% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing
concentrations of greenhouse gases (Links to an external site.)produced by human
activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (Links to an external site.) and
deforestation? (Links to an external site.)
t
The rate of warming over the last half of that period was almost quadruple for the
period of 1906 to 2005 as a whole (0.13±0.03 °C per decade, versus 0.07±0.02 °C per
decade)?
f
Climate model (Links to an external site.) projections were summarized in the 2007
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Links to an external site.)(IPCC) by
the Fourth Assessment Report (Links to an external site.) (AR4)?
t
Warming is expected to be weakest in the Arctic (Links to an external site.) and
would be associated with the continuing advancement of glaciers (Links to an
external site.), permafrost, (Links to an external site.)and sea ice?
f
Climate model (Links to an external site.) projections were summarized in the 2007
Fourth Assessment Report (Links to an external site.) (AR4) by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Links to an external site.)(IPCC)?
t
The thermal inertia (Links to an external site.)of the oceans and fast responses
of other direct effects mean that climate can take decade or longer to adjust to
changes in forcing?
t
The effects (Links to an external site.) of an increase in global temperature
include a rise in sea levels (Links to an external site.) and a change in the
amount and pattern of precipitation, (Links to an external site.)as well as a
probable expansion of subtropical (Links to an external site.)deserts?
t

This study source was downloaded by 100000846781812 from CourseHero.com on 05-23-2022 20:35:14 GMT -05:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/127521563/ST-FA1txt/
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)