Motivations and Destinations

Why people travel?

Where do they go?

Unit 4: Explore
 Business Tourism
• 13% of inbound tourism
• Form of specialised tourism for a specific market segment
• Involves transport, accomodation, food and beverage but
with a higher level of service and facilities;
• MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions)

1. Meetings: to meet a new client, discuss a deal or solve a problem (individual business
travellers); to gather together employees from different divisions/areas (companies);
2. Incentive travel: to reward a selection of employees for their performance/results; to
improve morale and productivity;
3. Conference: to discuss new strategies, trends and opportunities;
4. Exhibitions: to show the company’s products and services to industry professionals,
the public and the press.
Niche tourism
• When one specific activity or aim is the primary force behind the choice of
holiday and destination (do some sightseeing, visit a museum or festival, enjoy
and relax, try a new sport, food and wine tasting…);
• It is developed closely around the distinct interests/needs of a particular market
segment;
• It is the opposite of mass tourism
(BUT it doesn’t necessarily mean «small»)
Nature and rural tourism
• Ecotourism: a form of responsible, low-impact tourism, with maximum respect
for the planet (ecotourists are interested in protecting and conserving the natural
environment, empowering local communities and learning more about nature,
local people and their culture);
• Working ranch and farm holidays: to get practical experience with horses and
cattle, join in the farming activities, or just relax and enjoy the rural location;
• Safari: incredible opportunities to observe wildlife in its natural habitat (South
Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Kenya)
• Agritourism: to appreciate the beauty and products of the land, and do activities
like horse riding or cookery course.
• Marine Tourism: recreational activities combined with study and research on the
marine environment and its ecosystems (whale and dolphin watching, scuba
diving and snorkelling, fishing, windsurfing and other water sports)
Adventure Tourism
• It is the combination of several elements (nature and ecotourism):
extreme sports, contact with nature, local people and culture, and a
degree of risk or danger;
• It derives from a desire for an out-of-the-ordinary experience,
personal challenge and to step outside your comfort zone;
• It is necessary to have a good budget, a
specialised equipment, to be adventurous,
fairly fit and in good health.
Weddings and Honeymoons
• Domestic weddings:
- hospitality industry and transport;
• Destination weddings (held in another country):
- a form of specialised tourism
- tour operators sell many complete wedding packages (flight,
accomodation, transfer, food, ceremony…);
- sometimes local wedding planners/businesses are involved (flowers,
music, photography, burocratic processes);
• Honeymoons:
-beach holidays, city breaks or adventure trips;
-packages usually include special touches to differentiate it from just
another holiday.
Food Tourism
• It benefits both the producers and the people
and places that prepare, serve and sell the
products.
• Food tour on foot around a city of town,
accompanied
by a local expert;
• Regional food tour (lasts several days and includes
transport, accomodation and guide);
• Cooking classes and demonstrations
(entire holiday or part of a tour).
Medical and Wellness Tourism
• Medical Tourism: to have medical treatments that are too expensive,
unabailable, or even illegal in your home country (dental work,
cosmetic surgery, fertility/embryo procedures)
• Wellness Tourism: aims to improve wellbeing and reduce stress
through changes to lifestyle and diet, health treatments and therapies
(resorts, hotels, spas, beauty farms):
- beautiful, relaxing environments;
- professional trainers,nutritionists,masseurs,beauty therapists;
- yoga, massages, facials, saunas, thalassotherapy;
Music and Screen Tourism
• To visit and explore the locations where films
and TV series were shot and music legend lived,
worked and died.
• Destinations have taken advantage of film and music fans’ passions in
order to encourage and develop tourism with
-advertising campaigns;
- us and walking tours;
-museums and exhibitions;
-themed restaurants/clubs;
-shows;
-merchandising.
Religious Tourism
• One of the oldest form of tourism:
-pilgrimages to develop or strenghten faith through a personal
connection with a holy place;
- learn about other religions and include some aspects of local culture
and history;
- individual, with families or with organised groups;

It’s important that people respect the holy nature of

the
places and observe any behaviour or dress codes
Where people travel?
When choosing a holiday destination, many visitors decide where to go based on the
Natural Resources Man-made resources
▪ Historical → to learn about the history and development
▪ Rivers and lakes of a place and human life in the past (buildings,
monuments, landmarks, ancient settlements and
▪ Coast artefacts);
▪ Falls ▪ Religious → symbols of their particular faith and for their
architectural, historical and cultural importance;
▪ Natural parks
▪ Modern → skyscrapers, feats of engeneering and
▪ Rainforests architecture;
▪ Volcanoes ▪ Cultural → to appreciate and experience the culture of a
place (festivals, re-enactments, pageants, concerts and
▪ Geysers shows);
▪ mountains and glaciers ▪ Purpose-built attractions → theme parks, zoos, safari
parks and aquariums.
NB: the location is carefully chosen in terms of
infratsructure, climate and the number of potential
visitors.
▪ Climate: arid, equatorial, mediterranean,
temperate, snow and polar
 UNESCO World Heritage Sites

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and
natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to
humanity. Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we
pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both
irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. What makes the concept of World
Heritage exceptional is its universal application. World Heritage Sites belong to all the
peoples of the world, irrespective of their territory on which they are located.

➢ Industrial and agricultural development, climate change and pollution, war and armed conflict, urban
development and failure to follow preservation laws are the threat that cultural sites can face.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
• A masterpiece of human creative genius; THE “LOST CITY” OF PETRA IN JORDAN

• Outstanding type of building or architecture

illustrating an important stage in human
history;
• Unique and diverse;
• Intangible Cultural Heritage: made up of THE GRAND CANAL IN CHINA

community-based knowledge and skills handed

down through the ages → traditions, (rituals,
performing arts, traditional crafts, agricultural
and pastoral practices
THE ARCHITECTURE OF ANTONI GAUDI IN
BARCELONA