MATH 7

(Grade 7_Q1_W1-A)

Competency: The learner illustrates well- defined sets, subset, universal sets, null set,
cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and the different of two
sets. (M7NS-Ia-1)

Concepts:
SETS
SET – is a well- defined group or collection of objects that share common characteristics.
ELEMENT – objects contained in the set.
Uppercase letters (capital letters) are used to name sets while lower- case letters (small
letters are used to name the element of the set.
The symbol “Є” is used to indicate that an object is an element of the set.
Braces “{ }” are used to indicate sets
B = { 2 , 4 , 6 } read as “set B whose elements are 2 , 4 , and 6”

WAYS OF NAMING SETS

1. ROSTER NOTATION OR LISTING NOTATION
A method of describing a set by listing each element of the set inside the symbol { }. In
listing the elements of the set, each distinct element is listed once and the order of the
elements does not matter.
*If a set contains many elements, use three dots (. . .) called an ellipsis to indicate that
there are elements in the set that have not been written down.
2. VERBAL DESCRIPTION METHOD
A method of describing a set in words.
3. SET BUILDER NOTATION
A method that lists the rules that determine whether an object is an element of the set
rather than the actual element.

A = {x ǀ x is a counting number less than 5} read as “the set of all x’s such that x
is a counting number less than}
Example A
Direction: Identify whether each of the following sets is well- defined or not.
1. The set of barangays in the Municipality of Pavia.
2. The set of best schools in the District of Pavia.
3. The set of cleanest barangay in the Municipality of Pavia.
4. The set of months containing 31 days.
5. The set of big numbers.
Answer: Numbers 1 and 2 are well- defined sets while numbers 2 , 3 , and 5 are not well-
defined sets since people have different point of views on best schools, cleanest
barangay and big numbers.
Example B
Direction: Give five elements of the following sets.
1. A = {even number less than 15}
2. B = {x/x is a number greater than 30 but less than 50}
3. C = {two digit number that the ones digit is 4}
Answer:
1. A = {2 , 4 , 6 , 8 ,10}
2. B = {31 , 33 , 34 , 47 , 49}
3. C = {14 , 24 , 34 , 44 , 54}
Note: Since the direction is to give five elements so only 5 elements are stated.

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 1

Example C
Direction: Rewrite the following sets by listing the elements.
1. F = {primary color}
2. G = {vowels}
3. H = {multiples of 3}
Answer:
1. F = {red , yellow , blue}
2. B = {a , e , i , o , u}
3. C = {3 , 6 , 9 ,12 , 15 , . . .}
Note: In #3, it uses ellipses because there are other elements that are not written.
Example D
Direction: Rewrite the following sets in set-builder notation.
1. F = {rose , orchid , gumamela , sampaguita}
2. G = {Rizal , Bonifacio , Mabini , del Pilar}
3. H = {red , orange , yellow , green , blue , indigo , violet}
Answer:
1. F = {x/x is a flower}
2. B = {x/x is a national hero}
3. C = {x/x is a color of the rainbow}

MATH 7
(Grade 7_Q1_W1-B)

Competency: The learner illustrates well- defined sets, subset, universal sets, null set,
cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and the different of two
sets. (M7NS-Ia-1)

Concepts:
Set B is a subset of Set A, written as B⊆ C, if and only if every element of B is also an element
A.
An empty set or null set is a subset of every set.
The number of subsets of any set is equal to 2n where n is the number of elements of the given
set.
The cardinality of A in symbol, “n(A)” refers to the number of elements in A.

Example A
Direction: Given C = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9}. Which of the sets below are subsets of C?
F = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7} I = {7 , 9} N={}
H = {1 , 5 , 7 , 10} L = {1 , 2 , 3}

Answer: Set F , I and N are subsets of C since all the elements in each set are elements of set
C.
Example B
Direction: Determine the number of subsets of the sets below.
1. K = {5 , 7}
2. D = {x/x is a primary color}
3. X = {x/x is an even number less than 10}
Answer:
1. K has 2 elements. We say that the cardinality of K is 2. In symbol, n(K)=2. The
number of subset is 2n. Therefore, the number of subsets of K is 22 or 4.
2. n(D)=3, then 23 = 8. Set D has 8 subsets.
3. n(X)=4, then 24=16. Set X has 16 subsets.

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 2

Example C
Direction: Given H = {8 , 7 , 10}. Give all the subsets of the given set.

Answer: { } , {8} , {7} , {10} , {8 , 7} , {8, 10} , {7 , 10} , {8 , 7 , 10}

MATH 7
(Grade 7_Q1_W1-C)

Competency: The learner illustrates well- defined sets, subset, universal sets, null set,
cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and the different of two
sets. (M7NS-Ia-1)

Concepts:
The universal set U that contains all objects under consideration.
The symbol Ø or { } refers to an empty or null set. Both Ø or { } refer to a set with no element.
Finite set is a set with fixed number of elements.
Infinite set is a set with uncountable number of elements.
Complement of a set A denoted by A’ refers to the elements of the universal set which are not
found are not found in the given set

Example A
Direction: Given U = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5} B = {1 , 3 , 4} D = {2 , 4 , 5} F={}
Determine the complement of the following set.
1. B’ 2. D’ 3. F’
Answer:
1. B’ = {2 , 5} 2. D’ = {1 , 3} 3. F’ = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5}

Example B
Direction: Determine whether the set is finite or infinite.
1. R = {x/x is a real number}
2. D = {h , k , l , m}
3. X = {6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , . . .}
Answer: Numbers 1 and 3 are infinite sets while number 2 is a finite set.

Example C
Direction: Which of the following is/are empty sets and why?
1. A = {vowels in the English alphabet}
2. B = {months with 32 days}
3. C = {colors in the rainbow}
Answer: Number 2 or set B is an empty set since there are no months having 32 days.

MATH 7
(Grade 7_Q1_W1-D)

Competency: The learner illustrates well- defined sets, subset, universal sets, null set,
cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and the different of two
sets. (M7NS-Ia-1)

Concepts:
The union of the sets A and B, denoted by A ∪ B, is the set that contains those elements that
belong to A, B or to both.

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 3

 The intersection of the sets A and B, denoted by A ∩ B, is the set containing those elements
that belong to both A and B.
The difference of set A and B, written as A – B, is the set of all elements in A that are not in B.

Example A
Direction: Given: F = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9} G = {2 , 4 , 6} H = {1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6}
Find:
1. F ∪ G 2. F ∪ H 3. G ∪ H
Answer:
1. F ∪ G = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9}
2. F ∪ H = {1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9}
3. G ∪ H = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6}

Example B
Direction: Given: F = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9} G = {2 , 4 , 6} H = {1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6}
Find:
1. F ∩ G 2. F ∩ H 3. G ∩ H
Answer:
1. F ∩ G = { } 2. F ∩ H = {1 , 3 , 5} 3. G ∩ H = {2 , 6}

Example C
Direction: Given: F = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9} G = {2 , 4 , 6} H = {1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6}
Find:
1. F – G 2. F – H 3. G – H
Answer:
1. F – G = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9}
2. F – H = {7 , 9}
3. G – H = {4}

MATH 7
(Grade 7_Q1_W2-A)

Competency: The learner solves problem solving involving the use of venn diagram.
(M7NS-Ib-1)

Concept:
A Venn diagram is an illustration of relationships between and among sets.
Relationship Between Sets
Example A
Direction: Draw a Venn diagram to represent each pair of sets and give the relationship of the
sets.
1. U = {x/x is a counting number less than 9} 3. V = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9}
A = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4} H = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9}
B = {2 , 4 , 7 , 8 , 6} 4. R = {2, 4 , 6 , 8}
2. G = {5 , 6 , 9 ,10} J = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9}
K = {6 , 10}
Answer:

1. Set A and set B contain common elements. They are

called intersecting sets.

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 4

 2. All the elements of Set K are elements of Set G also, K is
a subset of G. Specifically, K is a proper subset of G
since all the elements of Set K are elements of Set G also
but not all the elements of set G are elements of set K.

3. Set V and Set H contain the same elements. Sets V and H

are equal sets. All the elements of set V are also elements
of Set H so set V is a subset of set H. All the elements of
set H are elements of set V, so set H is also a subset of set
V. Specifically, they are improper subsets of each other.

4. Set R and Set J do not contain common elements. Sets S

and T are disjoint sets.

MATH 7
(Grade 7_Q1_W2-B)

Competency: The learner solves problem solving involving the use of venn diagram.
(M7NS-Ib-1)

Concept:
A Venn diagram may be used to represent situations to solve problems involving sets.
Venn diagram may be used to show set operations

1. Union of set
The shaded region represents the union of sets A and B.
A∪B

2. Intersection of sets
The shaded region represents the intersection of
sets A and B. A ∩ B

3. Difference of two sets

The shaded region represents the elements
of A not in B. A – B

4. Complement of a set
The shaded region represents the elements
of the universal set which are not on set B.
B’

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 5

Example A
Direction: Given: U = {3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10} D = {3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10} C = {3 , 5 , 7 , 9}
Draw a Venn diagram to show the following:
1. D ∪ C 3. D – C
2. D ∩ C 4. C’
Answer:
1. D ∪ C = {3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10}

2. D ∩ C = {3 , 5}

3. D – C = {3 , 5}

4. D’ = {7 , 9}

MATH 7
(Grade 7_Q1_W2-C)

Competency: The learner solves problem solving involving the use of venn diagram.
(M7NS-Ib-1)

Concept:
A Venn diagram may be used to represent situations to solve problems involving sets.

Example A
Direction: Make a Venn diagram out of the given problem and answer the question.
In a survey of 40 people on their preferred channel, 17 choose GMA, 28 choose ABS –
CBN, and 7 choose both channel. How many people did not choose any of the two
channels?
Solution:
1. Draw the universal set with two overlapping circles and label it.

2. Put “7” in the overlap of the two circles, because 7 people preferred both the channels

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 6

 3. Preferred ABS – CBN only = 28 – 7 = 21
Preferred GMA only = 17 – 7 = 10

4. 21 + 7 + 10 = 38
*There are 38 people that choose either of the two channels.
40 – 38 = 2
*There are 2 people that did not choose any of the two channels.

MATH 7
(Grade 7_Q1_W2-D)

Competency: The learner solves problem solving involving the use of venn diaram.
(M7NS-Ib-1)

Concept:
A Venn diagram may be used to represent situations to solve problems involving sets.

Example A
Direction: Make a Venn diagram out of the given problem.
Professor Lyn, a history teacher wants to know how her 45 students track with current
events. She was able to gather the following data.
10 students read the newspaper
15 students listen to the radio
30 students watch television
8 students both read the newspaper and watch television
4 students both read the newspaper and listen to the radio
10 students both listen to the radio and watch television
3 students read the newspaper, listen to the radio, and watch television
Solution:
1. Draw the universal set with three overlapping circles and label it.

2. Put “3” in the overlap of the three circles, because 3 students read, listen, and watch
to track current events

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 7

 3. Both read newspaper and listen to the radio = 4 – 3 = 1
Both listen to the radio and watch television = 10 – 3 = 7
Both read the newspaper and watch television = 8 – 3 = 5
*The difference will be place where the circles overlap.

4. Read the newspaper = 10 – (5 + 3 + 1) = 1

Listen to the radio = 15 – (1 + 3 + 7) = 4
Watch television = 30 – (5 + 3 + 7) = 15

5. 1 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 4 + 7 + 15 = 36
*There are 36 students that are in either of the groups.
45 – 36 = 9
*There are 9 students that are in neither of the groups.
Put “9”outside the three circles.

Example B
Direction: Study the Venn diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
A Venn Diagram Showing the Preference of Student in Tracking Current Events

1. How many students preferred radio only?

2. How many students preferred television only?
3. How many students preferred either newspaper or television?
4. How many students preferred radio and newspaper but not television?
5. How many students do not preferred any of the three?

Answer:
1. 4
2. 15
3. 32
4. 4
5. 9

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 8

Author: RACHEL H. MACAYA 9