REFRESHER GROUP

STUDY 1

SUBJECT CODE: REFGS1

SITUATION I: 12. Determine its determinacy 23. What is the stress developed on the
The soil profile at a site consists of 5 m a. 3° 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 midspan at the bottom fiber of the beam at
sand overlain in a clay layer. The ground b. 2° 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 transfer?
water table is 2 m below the ground c. 1° 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 a. −12.73 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −18.57 𝑀𝑃𝑎
surface. The void ratio of sand is 0.52. d. 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 c. 18.57 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. 12.73 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Water content of clay is 42% and degree of PROBLEM 13: 24. What is the final stress developed on
saturation of sad above water table is 37%. How many permutations are there in the the midspan at the top fiber of the beam?
The specific gravity of sand and clay is word PADILLA? a. 9.82 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −8.81 𝑀𝑃𝑎
assumed to be 2.65 a. 10080 b. 1414 c. 8.81 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. −9.82 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑘𝑁
1. Compute the unit weight clay in 3 c. 1260 d. 420
25. What is the final stress developed on
𝑚
a. 20.16 b. 18.48 SITUATION V:
the midspan at the bottom fiber of the
c. 17.47 d. 16.13 A 300mm square pile is driven on across
beam?
2. Compute the total pressure 10 m below two soil layers. The penetration is 14m
a. −2.16 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −3.49 𝑀𝑃𝑎
the ground surface in kPa. deep and the soil profile is as follows:
𝑘𝑁 c. 2.16 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. 3.49 𝑀𝑃𝑎
a. 161.94 b. 106.94 Layer 1: 𝛾 = 15.7 3 ; 𝑐 = 28 𝑘𝑃𝑎; 𝛼 = 1.0
𝑚
c. 108.94 d. 185.41 𝑘𝑁
Layer 2: 𝛾 = 19 3; 𝑐 = 96 𝑘𝑃𝑎; 𝛼 = 0.5
3. The specific gravity of the soil sample is 𝑚
most likely equal to: The first layer is found out to be 6 meters
a. 161.94 b. 106.94 deep.
c. 108.94 d. 185.41 14. Calculate the total skin friction
SITUATION II: experienced by the pile
A restrained beam is to carry a uniformly a. 623.9 kN b. 662.4 kN
𝑘𝑁 c. 666.3 kN d. 696.6 kN
distributed dead load of 100 and live 15. Determine the total end bearing
𝑚
𝑘𝑁
load of 50 has a length of 6 m. Use 𝐸𝐼 = capacity of the pile. Use 𝑁𝐶 = 9
𝑚
3.2 𝑥 1014 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚2 a. 77.76 kN b. 50.22 kN
4. Find the support reaction. c. 100.44 kN d. 66.65 kN
a. 450 kN b. 500 kN 16. The design capacity of the pile under a
c. 300 kN d. 600 kN factor of safety of 2:
5. The moment occurring on the beam at a. 373.41 kN b. 362.17 kN
fixed ends is most likely equal to: c. 370.08 kN d. 366.48 kN
a. 450 kN.m b. 500 kN.m PROBLEM 17:
c. 300 kN.m d. 600 kN.m This is the general term coined for
6. Determine the maximum deflection processes among gases where no heat
occurring on the beam. transfer occurs to and from the gas.
a. 1.58 mm b. 7.03 mm a. Adiabatic b. Isobaric
c. Isentropic d. Thermal
c. 6.97 mm d. 2.91 mm
PROBLEM 18:
SITUATION III:
Determine the number of sides that a
Given the equation of the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −
icosakaitrigon has?
6𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 4 = 0
a. 43 b. 53
7. Find the center of the curve.
c. 23 d. 33
a. (3, −6) b. (−3, 6)
SITUATION VI:
c. (6, 7) d. (6,12)
A 3° simple curve has a length of 200 m.
8. Find the radius of the curve.
19. Calculate the middle ordinate of the
a. 3 b. 6
curve.
c. 7 d. 8
a. 13.02 m b. 13.47 m
9. Find the distance from the center to the
c. 17.98 m d. 19.03 m
line 3𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 10
a. 8 units b. 6.84 units 20. Compute for the external distance of
c. 9 units d. 8.84 units the curve.
PROBLEM 10: a. 13.02 m b. 13.47 m
It the law that states that “for fluids at rest, c. 17.98 m d. 19.03 m
equal pressure is acting in all direction and
21. Determine the length of the forward
normal to the boundary surface.”
tangent of the curve.
a. Feynman’s Law
a. 102.35 b. 108.39
b. Kant’s Law
c. 99.65 d. 102.63
c. Pascal’s Law
d. Torricelli’s law SITUATION VII:
SITUATION IV: A prestressed T-beam is simply supported
Given the beam loaded and supported as 𝑘𝑁
and is used to carry a uniform load of 10 .
𝑚
depicted on the picture:
The beam is 12m long and has the
following properties of the T-beam are as
follows:
𝑏𝑓 = 600𝑚𝑚; 𝑡𝑓 = 100𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 300𝑚𝑚; 𝑑𝑤 = 400𝑚𝑚
The initial prestressing force is 1500kN and
is placed 100mm below the neutral axis.
Consider losses of prestressing force equal
11. Determine its stability 15%
a. stable b. unstable 22. What is the stress developed on the
c. indeterminate d. none of these midspan at the top fiber of the beam at
transfer?
a. 0.502 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −1.254 𝑀𝑃𝑎
c. 1.254 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. −0.502 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 REFRESHER GROUP
STUDY 1

SUBJECT CODE: REFGS1

SITUATION I: 6. Determine the maximum deflection a. 3° 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒

A saturated soil is found to have a volume occurring on the beam. b. 2° 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
of 25 cc and a mass of 45 g. It is placed in a. 121.03 mm b. 7.03 mm c. 1° 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
an oven and dried. The dried sample is c. 5.97 mm d. 20.91 mm d. 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
found out to have a volume of 16 cc and a SOLUTION: PROBLEM 13:
mass of 31 g. 𝑤𝐿4 You are in possession of 5 blue marbles
𝛿= and 5 red marbles. Your friend takes a
384𝐸𝐼
1. Determine the shrinkage limit of the soil. 𝑘𝑁 marble at random. Afterwards, without
(15 ) (6 𝑚)4
a. 25.16 b. 35.48 𝛿= 𝑚 looking, you pick and get a marble. What is
c. 17.39 d. 16.13 384(7.2 𝑥 1012 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚2 ) the probability that you hold a red marble?
∴ (𝑩. ) 𝜹 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎 a.
5
b.
5

SOLUTION: 10
4
9
4
𝑚1 − 𝑚2 (𝑣1 − 𝑣2 ) SITUATION III: c. d.
9 10
𝑆. 𝐿. = [ − 𝜌𝑤 ] (100) A pentagonal pyramid has a base
𝑚2 𝑚2
45 − 31 (25 − 16) dimension of 3m and a height of 9m. SOLUTION:
𝑆. 𝐿. = [ − (1)] (100) 7. Determine the slant height of the 𝐷
31 31 pyramid. 𝑃=
𝑆
(𝑫. ) 𝑺. 𝑳. = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟑 a. 9.23 m b. 8.97 m Since it was not stated what color of marble
c. 9.35 m d. 9.63 m was drawn by the friend, the number of
2. Calculate the shrinkage ratio of the soil SOLUTION: expected elements of both marbles stay the
a. 1.79 b. 1.94 𝑠 3𝑚 same, however, since the sample space now
c. 1.85 d. 1.81 𝑎= =
180° 180° diminishes to 9:
2 tan ( ) 2 tan ( )
𝑛 5 𝟓
SOLUTION: 𝑎 = 2.0646 𝑚 ∴ (𝑩. ) 𝑷 =
𝑚2 𝟗
𝑆. 𝑅. = 𝑙 2 = 𝑎2 + ℎ2 = (2.06)2 + (9)2
𝑣2 𝜌𝑤 ∴ (𝑨. ) 𝒍 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟑 𝒎 SITUATION V:
31
𝑆. 𝑅. = A 300mm square pile is driven on across
(16)(1) 8. Determine the lateral surface area of the two soil layers. The penetration is 14m
(𝑩. ) 𝑺. 𝑹. = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟓 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟗𝟒 pyramid in 𝑚2 . deep and the soil profile is as follows:
a. 69.253 b. 70.161 𝑘𝑁
Layer 1: 𝛾 = 15.7 3 ; 𝑐 = 28 𝑘𝑃𝑎; 𝛼 = 1.0
3. The specific gravity of the soil sample is c. 67.287 d. 72.223 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
most likely equal to: SOLUTION: Layer 2: 𝛾 = 19 3; 𝑐 = 96 𝑘𝑃𝑎; 𝛼 = 0.5
𝑚
a. 2.72 b. 2.78 1 1 The first layer is found out to be 6 meters
c. 2.82 d. 2.88 𝐿. 𝑆. 𝐴. = 𝑛𝑠𝑙 = (5)(3 𝑚)(9.2338 𝑚)
2 2 deep.
SOLUTION: ∴ (𝑨. ) 𝑳. 𝑺. 𝑨. = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟐𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝟐 14. Calculate the total skin friction
1 experienced by the pile
𝐺𝑆 =
1 𝑆. 𝐿. 9. Determine the volume of the pyramid in a. 623.9 kN b. 662.4 kN
−
𝑆. 𝑅. 100 𝑚3 . c. 666.3 kN d. 696.6 kN
1
𝐺𝑆 = a. 48.925 b. 47.827
1 16.13
− c. 49.113 d. 46.453 SOLUTION:
1.9375 100
(𝑪. ) 𝑮𝑺 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟐 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟖𝟐 SOLUTION: 𝜎𝑓 = ∑ 𝛼𝐶𝑈 𝑃𝐿
𝑛𝑠 2 (5)(32 )
𝐵= = 𝜎𝑓 = (1.0)(28)(4𝑥0.3)(6)
SITUATION II: 180° 180°
4 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) +(0.5)(96)(4𝑥0.3)(8)
A restrained beam is to carry a uniformly 𝑛 5
2 ∴ (𝑩. ) 𝝈𝒇 = 𝟔𝟔𝟐. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵
𝑘𝑁 𝐵 = 15.4843 𝑚
distributed dead load of 10 and live load 1
𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑉 = 𝐵ℎ
of 5 has a length of 6 m. Use 𝐸𝐼 = 3 15. Determine the total end bearing
𝑚
1 capacity of the pile. Use 𝑁𝐶 = 9
7.2 𝑥 10 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚2
12
𝑉 = (15.4843 𝑚2 )(9 𝑚)
4. Find the support reaction. 3 a. 77.76 kN b. 50.22 kN
a. 45 kN b. 50 kN ∴ (𝑫. ) 𝑽 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟒𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝟑 c. 100.44 kN d. 66.65 kN
c. 30 kN d. 60 kN SOLUTION:
PROBLEM 10: 𝜎𝐵 = 𝐶𝑢 𝑁𝐶 𝐴𝑡𝑖𝑝
SOLUTION:
This is a settlement that occurs on a clay 𝜎𝐵 = (96)(9)(0.3𝑥0.3)
If the restrained beam is under symmetrical
whose present effective overburden ∴ (𝑨. ) 𝝈𝑩 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝑵
loading:
𝑤𝐿 pressure is the maximum pressure that the
𝑅= soil was subjected to in the past. 16. The design capacity of the pile under a
2 a. Primary Consolidated
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 factor of safety of 2:
10 (6) + 5 (6) b. Over Consolidated
𝑅= 𝑚 𝑚 a. 373.41 kN b. 362.17 kN
2 c. Normally Consolidated c. 370.08 kN d. 366.48 kN
∴ (𝑨. ) 𝑹 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 d. Secondary Consolidated SOLUTION:
SITUATION IV: 𝜎𝑓 + 𝜎𝐵
5. The moment occurring on the beam at 𝜎=
𝐹. 𝑆.
fixed ends is most likely equal to: 662.4 𝑘𝑁 + 77.76 𝑘𝑁
a. 45 kN.m b. 50 kN.m 𝜎=
2
c. 30 kN.m d. 60 kN.m ∴ (𝑪. ) 𝝈 = 𝟑𝟕𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝑵
SOLUTION:
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀=
12 PROBLEM 17:
𝑘𝑁 This is the general term coined for
(10 + 5) (6 𝑚 )2
𝑀= 𝑚 processes among gases where no heat
Given the beam loaded and supported as
12 transfer occurs to and from the gas.
∴ (𝑨. ) 𝑴 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 depicted on the picture:
11. Determine its stability a. Adiabatic b. Isobaric
a. stable b. unstable c. Isentropic d. Thermal
c. indeterminate d. none of these
12. Determine its determinacy
 REFRESHER GROUP
STUDY 1

SUBJECT CODE: REFGS1

PROBLEM 18:
Determine the number of sides that a SOLUTION:
triacontakaihexagon has? Moment of Inertia:
a. 366 b. 306
𝐼𝑇 = ∑ 𝐼 + 𝐴𝑑2
c. 36 d. 18
600(100)3
= + 600(100)(216.67 − 50)2
SITUATION VI: 12
300(400) 3
A 4° simple curve has a length of 210 m.
+ + 300(400)(300 − 216.67)2
19. Calculate the middle ordinate of the 12
curve. ∴ 𝐼𝑇 = 4.15 𝑥 109 𝑚𝑚4
a. 16.93 m b. 15.82 m 𝑃 𝑀𝑐
𝑓𝑏 = − ±
c. 17.98 m d. 19.03 m 𝐴 𝐼
1500 𝑘𝑁
𝑓𝑏 = −
180 000 𝑚𝑚4
SOLUTION: (1500 𝑘𝑁)(100 𝑚𝑚)(216.6667 𝑚𝑚)
𝐷 4° +
20 𝑚 = 2𝜋𝑅 ( ) = 2𝜋𝑅 ( ) 4.15 𝑥 109 𝑚𝑚4
360° 360° ∴ (𝑫. ) 𝒇𝒃 = −𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑅 = 286.4889 𝑚
𝐼
𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑅 ( ) 23. What is the stress developed on the
360° midspan at the bottom fiber of the beam at
𝐼
210 𝑚 = 2𝜋(286.4889) ( ) transfer?
360° a. −12.73 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −18.57 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 = 42° c. 18.57 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. 12.73 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 𝑅−𝑀 SOLUTION:
cos ( ) = 𝑃 𝑀𝑐
2 𝑅 𝑓𝑏 = − ±
42° (286.4889 𝑚) − 𝑀 𝐴 𝐼
cos ( ) = 1500 𝑘𝑁
2 (286.4889 𝑚) 𝑓𝑏 = −
180 000 𝑚𝑚4
∴ (𝑫. ) 𝑴 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟖 𝒎 ≈ 𝟏𝟗. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎 (1500 𝑘𝑁)(100 𝑚𝑚)(283.3333 𝑚𝑚)
−
4.15 𝑥 109 𝑚𝑚4
20. Compute for the external distance of ∴ (𝑩. ) 𝒇𝒃 = −𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂
the curve.
a. 19.93 m b. 21.12 m 24. What is the final stress developed on
c. 18.83 m d. 20.38 m the midspan at the top fiber of the beam?
a. 9.82 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −8.81 𝑀𝑃𝑎
SOLUTION: c. 8.81 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. −9.82 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 𝑅
cos ( ) =
2 𝑅+𝐸 SOLUTION:
42° (286.4889 𝑚) 𝑃 𝑀𝑐
cos ( ) = 𝑓𝑏 = − ±
2 (286.4889 𝑚) + 𝐸 𝐴 𝐼
∴ (𝑫. ) 𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎 0.85(1500 𝑘𝑁)
𝑓𝑏 = −
180 000 𝑚𝑚4
21. Determine the area of the fillet of the 0.85(1500 𝑘𝑁)(100 𝑚𝑚)(216.6667 𝑚𝑚)
curve in 𝑚2 +
4.15 𝑥 109 𝑚𝑚4
a. 31504 b. 30080 𝑀(216.6667 𝑚𝑚)
c. 1424 d. 1954 −
4.15 𝑥 109 𝑚𝑚4
𝑤𝐿2 10(12)2
𝑀= = = 180 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
SOLUTION: 8 8
𝐼 𝑇 ∴ (𝑫. ) 𝒇𝒃 = −𝟗. 𝟖𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂
tan ( ) =
2 𝑅
42° 𝑇 25. What is the final stress developed on
tan ( ) = the midspan at the bottom fiber of the
2 (286.4889 𝑚)
𝑇 = 109.9689 𝑚 beam?
a. −2.16 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −3.49 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1 𝐼
𝐴𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑡 = (2) ( (𝑇)(𝑅)) − 𝜋𝑅2 c. 2.16 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. 3.49 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 360°
∴ (𝑪. ) 𝑨𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒕 = 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝟐 ≈ 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟒𝒎𝟐
SOLUTION:
SITUATION VII: 𝑃 𝑀𝑐
𝑓𝑏 = − ±
A prestressed T-beam is simply supported 𝐴 𝐼
𝑘𝑁 0.85(1500 𝑘𝑁)
and is used to carry a uniform load of 10 . 𝑓𝑏 = −
𝑚 180 000 𝑚𝑚4
The beam is 12m long and has the 0.85(1500 𝑘𝑁)(100 𝑚𝑚)(283.3333 𝑚𝑚)
following properties of the T-beam are as −
4.15 𝑥 109 𝑚𝑚4
follows: 𝑀(283.3333 𝑚𝑚)
𝑏𝑓 = 600𝑚𝑚; 𝑡𝑓 = 100𝑚𝑚 +
4.15 𝑥 109 𝑚𝑚4
𝑡𝑤 = 300𝑚𝑚; 𝑑𝑤 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝑤𝐿2 10(12)2
The initial prestressing force is 1500kN and 𝑀= = = 180 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
is placed 100mm below the neutral axis. ∴ (𝑩. ) 𝒇𝒃 = −𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Consider losses of prestressing force equal
15%
22. What is the stress developed on the
midspan at the top fiber of the beam at
transfer?
a. 0.502 𝑀𝑃𝑎 b. −1.254 𝑀𝑃𝑎
c. 1.254 𝑀𝑃𝑎 d. −0.502 𝑀𝑃𝑎