UNIT 1

THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

1. Define Tourism and hospitality in different perspective.
2. Differentiate the tourism to hospitality
3. Understand the relationship of tourism and hospitality
4. Understand the various components and its elements of travel tourism
5. Explain the historical changes which have affected the growth and development of the tourism
and hospitality industry
6. Explain the characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality
7. Appreciate the importance of Tourism and Hospitality

Topic 1: The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality

INTRODUCTION:

The Tourism and Hospitality Industry: a

powerful driver of the economic engine of nations.
The important roles of tourism and hospitality as the
main instrument in socioeconomic development of
any nation cannot be overstated.

Tourism and hospitality has become one

of the world’s largest and fastest growing
industries and it is because of the several
factors, such as rising levels of income,
improvements in transportation and the low cost
airline services, easier access to destinations by
tourists and the diversification of the industry
with new market niches.

Presentation of Contents

DEFINITION OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

The word Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word “torah” which means studying, learning
and searching.

Tourism is the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation,
relaxation, and pleasure, while making use of the commercial provision of services. As such, tourism
is a product of modern social arrangements, beginning in Western Europe in the 17th century,
although it has antecedents in classical antiquity.

According to Goeldner and Ritchie: Tourism is the processes, activities, outcomes arising from
relationships and interaction among tourists, tourism suppliers, and surrounding environment that are
involve in attracting and hosting of visitors.

Hospitality - The term is derived from the latin word “ hospitare” which means “to receive a
guest”.

Hospitality it implies whereby a guest who is away from home is welcomed by a host where
basic necessities are provided such as food, beverages, and lodging.
 Hospitality - An industry comprises business entity of food, beverages, lodging or a
combination of these businesses to travellers during stay in a destination.
The relationship between Tourism and Hospitality

 Tourism affect hospitality

 Hospitality affect tourism

Hospitality Tourism

Promote each other and interact with each other

Making contribution to the national economy and promoting the development

of the society

Hospitality Tourism

-Accommodation -Attractions
-Food and Beverage -Transportation
Services services
-Time share -Tour Operators
-Events/Entertainment -Tourism
Information Centers

 Hospitality and Tourism cannot be separated.

An area where has good hotel and restaurant resources can attract more tourists.
People are search for better accommodation and dining location so the hospitality should be
regarded seriously. Tourism developed area have higher demand for the hotel, more tourists’
needs, more place to live and relax. These two industries not only can bring income to
promote the national economy, but also solve the problem of employment and with the
development of the society, human’s activities promote the development of many new
industries. Hospitality and tourism are two of these industries.

Meaning of Tourists
In 1937, the League of Nations defined “tourist” as follows: “A
tourist is a person who visits a country other than that in which he or she
usually resides for a period of at least 24 hours.” This was held to include persons travelling for
pleasure, domestic reasons or health, persons travelling to meetings or on business, and persons
visiting a country or a cruise vessel even if for less than 24 hours.
In 1963, a United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism recommended a
new definition of a “visitor” as “any person visiting a country other than that of earning money.” This
definition covers two classes of visitors:
 Tourists: Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be
classified as:

a. Leisure, such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, or sport;

b. Business;
c. Family;
d. Mission; and
e. Meeting;

 Excursionists: Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and
not making an overnight stay.
Visitors are further classified into:
 International visitor: Refers to any person who travels to a country outside his/her usual
environment.
 Domestic visitor: Refers to any person who travels to a place other than that of his/her
usual environment but still within the country.
Elements of Travel
Four Basic elements have been used as criteria for defining travelers and/or tourists. These
are: Distance, length of stay at the destination, residence of the traveler, and purpose of travel.
1. Distance

What must be considered under distance is the difference between local travel or travelling
within a person’s home community and non-local travel or travelling away from home. It
excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence.

A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home is the distance travelled
on a trip.

2. Length of Stay at Destination

The second basic element of travel used as a criterion for defining travelers is the length of
stay at a destination. The definition of tourist and excursionist are proposed by the WTO
(World Tourism Organization) is largely teased on length of stay. Tourists are temporary
visitors who make at least one overnight stay while excursionists are temporary visitors who
do not stay overnight in the destination that they visit.

3. Residence of the Traveler

The residence or origin of the traveler is the third basic element of travel. For business and
research purposes, it is important to know where people live.

4. Purpose of Travel

The fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It can be divided into seven:
  Visiting friends and relatives;
 Conventions, Seminars and Meetings;
 Business;
 Outdoor Recreation- Fishing, hiking and camping;
 Entertainment-theatre and sports;
 Personal-Family, medical and wedding
 Others
The Nature of a Tour
To analyze the nature of a tour systematically, it will be helpful to understand the difference
between domestic and international tourism, as well as independent and package tour.
 Domestic Tourism: Travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler’s
country. People find it easy to do so because there is no language, currency, nor
documentation barriers.
 International Tourism: involves the movement of people across international boundaries. It
is more difficult to travel outside one’s country because the country visited has a different
language, currency, and documentation requirements, such as passports, visas, and other
conditions of entry to be met by tourists.
A package tour, sometimes called inclusive tour, is an arrangement in which transport and
accommodation is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price and the price of the individual
elements cannot be determined by the tourist. The tour operator who organizes the package tour
purchases transport and hotel accommodation in advance, usually obtaining these at a lower price
because he or she is buying them in bulk. He or she then sells the tours individually to tourists direct
or through travel agents. On the other hand, an independent tour is an arrangement in which the
tourist buys these facilities separately, either making reservations in advance through a travel agent
or en route during his or her tour.
Tourists purchasing package tours may do so on the basis of either individual or group travel. An
independent inclusive tour is one in which the tourist travels to his or her destination individually,
while in the group inclusive tour, he or she travels in the company of other tourists. The
abbreviations IIT and GIT are used for individual inclusive tour and group inclusive tour respectively.