ACTIVITY: ABP 32d – AB Machinery and Mechanization

Republic of the Philippines

Mindoro State University
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Alcate, Victoria, Oriental Mindoro 5205
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
ABP32d- AB Machinery and Mechanization

A RESEARCH PAPER

ABOUT

RICE AND OTHER CROP PROCESSING MACHINERY

Prepared by

Vivas, Evonie C.

BSABE III

JUNE 2022

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 Table of Contents

I. General Description and Function of Rice and Other Crop Processing

Machinery…. 3
Manual Crop Processing Equipment 4
Modern Mechanical Processing Equipment 5
II. Names, Specifications, and Illustration of Rice and Other Crop Processing
Machineries’ major components 7
Grain Dryer 7
Small Paddy Dryer .10
Grain Storage Silos…………………………………………………………………………....12
Rice Cleaner………………………………………………………………………………..….13
Rice Rotary Vibrating Screen…….………………………………………………….….....…14
Vibratory Cleaning Sieves………………………………………………………………….…16
Rice Length Grader……………………………………………………………...……………27
Rice Color Sorter…………………………………………………………………………..…29
Rice Thickness Classifier…………………………………………………………………….30
Automatic Packing Machine………………………………………………………………….32
Other Crop Processing Machinery
Multicrop Juice Extractor ……………………………………………………………….34
Price………………………………………………………………………………………….35

III. Specifications and Methods of Test According to PAES

PAES 206:2015…………………………………………………………………….36
PAES 207:2015……………………………….……………………………………46
PAES 234:2008…………………………………………………………………….59
PAES 235:2008………………………………………………………………….....61
References…………………………………………………………………………..….69

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I. General Description and Function of Rice and Other Crop Processing Machinery

In 2013, the Philippines ranked eighth in global rice production, in which rice is known as
the staple food for the majority of the 100 98 million Filipinos (PSA, 2015), with an average per
capita consumption of 110 kg per year (PSA, 2018), and it has become a highly political crop as
a barometer for the country's food sufficiency. Based on medium-scale assumptions, the current
population is expected to grow to 128 million by 2030 and 142 million by 2040. (PSA, 2015).
Domestic production output met 93 percent of total domestic demand in 2017. This prompted the
Philippine government to develop programs to address the food insecurity as well as
sociopolitical stability. The overall vision and mission of the rice industry are anchored in the
national goal of availability, affordability, and accessibility of safe and nutritious rice as food for
all Filipinos, which defined the "Rice Secure Philippines vision" (Department of Agriculture,
2018). Strategic interventions have been defined not only at the national level, but also at the
provincial level, while accounting for current state factors such as rice area productivity,
prevailing costs of production, food demand of the population, and presence of trading ports and
logistics Infrastructure.

Rice is grown on 4 8 million hectares, with a total production volume of 19 million tons in
2018. The top producing provinces are Nueva Ecija in Central Luzon and Isabela in Cagayan
Valley. The average yield is approximately 568 metric tons per hectare during the high
production season (dry season) and approximately 384 metric tons per hectare during the low
production season (wet season) (p 91, Bordey et al, 2016). The most popular variety is NSIC
RC222, which has a high yield of up to 7 metric tons per hectare. The aromatic NSIC RC160 and
NSIC RC216 are also popular, owing to their high eating quality and ability to command higher
prices.

Rice and other crop processing machinery refer primarily to the machinery used to process
industrial crops after harvesting. Crop processing is an important step in transforming raw
harvested agricultural products into valuable marketable goods. Processing has many facets,
including fine-tuning processing methods for traditional crops, developing new processing
approaches for traditional crops, and developing new processes for new crops.

Crop processing equipment can be classified into two types, which include both manual and
modern mechanical processing equipment.

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A. Manual Crop Processing Equipment

Traditional agricultural equipment is done manually which requires human labor to move
them. These traditional crop processing equipment are used to process crops without advanced
mechanization; commonly made from indigenous materials. Manual processors prefer human
use to prepare crops for easy storage and transportation.

a) Mortar and pestle - this is a wooden or alumina cylinder vessel use for pounding crops.

b) Rotational grinder - this is use to grind crops into small pieces for easily storage.

c) Coffee huller - uses friction and air to quickly separate the parchment layer from the
coffee bean and leave behind the desired green coffee bean.

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 d) Rice huller - removes rice husks (chaffs) and other foreign substances.

B. Modern Mechanical Processing Equipment

Modern agricultural equipment used machines to do the work. These are complex equipment
made of metal and other composite materials that commonly rely on electricity, fuel, and other
source of energy to process harvested crops.

a) Hulling Equipment – The hulls of seeds are shed as they develop into sprouts (skin).
Although the skin is not harmful, it is unsightly and must be removed prior to packaging.
However, the hulling process is frequently the point in the manufacturing cycle where
pathogens enter the product. As a result, when removing skin from seeds, producers must
rely on proper protocols and equipment.

i. Rotary huller - this gives good quality to rice. The quality is given a cylindrical
sieve set inside the body.

ii. Swing huller - this kind of huller separates brown rice in various particle sizes.

There are varieties of hullers for different crops. Rice huller, coffee huller, soy bean
hullers are examples of hulling machine.

Rice huller is an agricultural machine used to automate the process of removing the
chaff (the outer husks) of grains of rice.

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b) Threshers – Threshing or shelling is the process of separating the grains, or shells in the
case of groundnuts, from the plant portion that contains them. This separation is
accomplished by threshing, friction, or shaking the products; the difficulty of the process
is determined by the varieties grown, as well as the moisture content and degree of
maturity of the grain.

c) Combine harvesters – A combine harvester, also known as a combine, is a machine

used to harvest grain crops. The name derives from the fact that it combines three
separate operations: harvesting, reaping, threshing, and winnowing into a single operation
Wheat, oats, rye, barley, corn (maize), soybeans, and flax (linseed) are among the crops
harvested with a combine. The waste straw left behind on the field is the crop's remaining
dried stems and leaves with limited nutrients, which is either chopped and spread on the
field or baled for feed and bedding for livestock. Combine harvesters are one of the most
economically significant labor-saving inventions, allowing a small percentage of the
population to work in agriculture.

d) Crop residue processing machines - The chopper is primarily used for stalk forage such
as rice straw, wheat straw, maize stover, and ensiling maize. Straw choppers are
classified into three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small-scale chopper is primarily
designed for chopping dry straw or silage on small farms. On cattle farms, the large

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 chopper, also known as a silage chopper, is primarily used for silage. Because the
medium chopper is typically used to cut dry straw and silage, it is also known as a straw-
silage chopper.

II. Names, Specifications, and Illustration of Rice and Other Crop Processing
Machineries’ major components

The machines indicated was based on Zhengzhou Hongjia Grain Machinery Co., Ltd
which was founded in 2010 and is a professional manufacturer and exporter of rice mill machine,
rice processing machines, rice mill plant, rice mill production line, and parboiled rice mill plant.

i. Grain Dryer

Grain dryer machine is a professional dryer machine for drying various grains like rice,
wheat, corn, beans, and others working with a low-temperature airflow dryer, which will not
damage the grain seed but can do the dryer work with high working efficiency. It is usually
used in a parboiled rice mill plant.

Low Temperature Parboiled Rice Dryer Machine uses forced dispersion devices and

multi-vessel rotary valves to keep quantitative circulation feed, drying on the thin layer to
keep seeds and grain to be dried sufficiently. Big suction fan to make high drying efficient,
use grant screw conveyor, PVC steel bucket, stainless steel mesh sieve to keep durability. It
uses low temperatures to do the rice dryer working, can make the good quality grain seed,
and high-quality seed. And for this machine work will not damage the grains and also keep
its taste well just dry their inside moisture, good working machine.

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Technical Parameter of Grain Dryer

Item/model CHJ6 CHJ7.5 CHJ9 CHJ10.5 CHJ12 CHJ15

3000- 3000-
Capacity(kg)paddy(580m) 3000-6000 3000-7500 3000-9000 3000-15000
10500 12000
H(mm) 5740 6350 6960 7570 8180 9400
Dimension L(mm) 3940
W(mm) 2250
Voltage 220/380v
Power 8.35kw
Loafing
time(Approx 25M 30M 40M 50M 60M 70M
Performance )
Unloading
time(Approx 20M 25M 30M 40M 50M 60M
)
Drying
0.60*1.0%/H
rate(%h)
Full load buzzer    Multi-temperature controller   Chain broken
Features
insurances
Non-destructive on-line full automatic moisture tester/feeding
Safety devices
hopper/dust collector

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Energy-saving air stove
Heater Energy consumption Fire time Consumption
Oil 12.5/h 7h 94.50L
Coal 18kg/h 7h 126kg
Rice husk 35kg/h 7h 245kg
Firewood 35kg/h 7h 245kg
Stalk 50kg/h 7h 350
Remark: The comparison is for 1500kg capacity of dryer, moisture from 22% to 17%, drying rated
0.8% per hour.

Energy-saving air stove

Heater Energy consumption Fire time Consumption
Oil 12.5/h 7h 94.50L
Coal 18kg/h 7h 126kg
Rice husk 35kg/h 7h 245kg
Firewood 35kg/h 7h 245kg
Stalk 50kg/h 7h 350
Remark: The comparison is for 1500kg capacity of dryer, moisture from 22% to 17%, drying rated 0.8%
per hour.

Technical parameter
Model RHL-I/I
Total heater 220/380 thousand thousand cal/hr
Weight 2200kg
RHL-I 2100*1200*2200
Dimension(mm)
RHL-II 2900*1200*2230
380/220v 50hz
Power(hp)
2.2kw
Max air flow 13353
RHL-I RHL-II
Equipment numbers of dryer and
CHJ12 one set CHJ12 two sets
air stove
CHJ-15 one set CHJ-15 two sets
Mode of control Automatic temperature control
Mode of feed Manual feed/Automatic feed
Model of ignition People make
15kg/h(coal) 180kg/h(firewood)
Energy consumption
35kg/h(rice husk) 50kg/h(stalk)
Fire materials Rice husk, firewood, stalk, coal
Thermal-over relay, temperature controller, hot air temperature
All device Safety device
sensor, overheat protection device, leakage protection device.

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Rice Dryer Machine Details

ii. Small Paddy Dryer

Small rice paddy dryer is mainly used to dry grain paddy in parboiled rice mill plant.
Based on our rice engineering experience and traditional technology, we improved the
transmission system and the material breaking device and finally improved the rice dryer
efficiency and overall performance of the grain dryer. The whole rice grain dryer consists of
a feeding device, drying warehouse, environmentally, friendly coal-fired hot stove and air
supply system, electric control system, etc.
The grain dryer machine is made up of a two-level spiral quick delivery that is frequently
used to dry grains such as rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans. The first level quickly delivers the
materials into the barrel, and the second level continuously rapid lifts the raw material to the
upper of the barrel and then scatters the raw material with deliquesce, while hot air from the
bottom of the barrel is blown out all around. Move the raw material smoothly from bottom to
top to conduct a thorough heat transfer and dynamic drying process.
Since the raw materials inside the barrel are kept rolling, hot air is continuously expelled
from the center to achieve simultaneous mixing and drying, saving time and energy. The
barrel, screw blade, shaft, tank, and holder that come into contact with the raw material are
all made of stainless steel. When it is necessary to clear material, simply open the purging
mouth, reverse the spiral, and start the drying fan.

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Small Paddy Dryer Advantages
1. It has the characteristics of low-temperature control, energy-saving and pollution, low
operating cost, large precipitation (one can be reduced to safe moisture), low cost, easy
operation, and convenient movement.
2. Low cost of energy, excluding labor, usually 1-2 people.
3.Hot air system, air supply system, feeding device, lifting device, grain drainage device, dust
removal system, electrical control system, mobile device system.
4. Free land-based, saving time investment, easy to use, and flexible, small footprint, with mobile
devices, flexible and convenient place to work. The use of controlled temperature of pure hot air
and food heat exchange.
5. Applicable to corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, rapeseed, and other grains. Drying cereal shiny
bright, no paste, cracking rate is lower than the national standard corn standard 4%. Drying the
finished rice, bursting rate below 2%, cracking rate of less than 4%, the machine is a commodity
food dryer, to ensure maximum grain drying the highest burst rate, the color showed a natural
state, Eliminate grain pollution.

Rice Mill Dryer Technical Parameters

Model 5AH-1
Capacity per batch 2t
Drying capacity 10-15ton/day
Total power 6kw
Hot air furnace (Coal, charcoal),diesel combustion engine, gas
Type of heating
combustion engine
Total weight 900kg

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 iii. Grain Storage Silos

Grain storage silos, also named as grain hopper bins, it is used for grain storage, such as rice,
wheat, corn, soybean, rapeseed and other raw materials. It is essential equipment for the rice
processing plant. Grain storage silos are made of galvanized steel sheet. The sheet of the drum
wall is made of high quality hot dip galvanized steel with the content of 275g/m2. Grain
hopper bins also equipped with scraper, belt conveyor storage system, cleaning and removing
impurities, magnetic separation and iron removal, temperature measurement system,
ventilation system, material change warehouse and many other functions.

Grain Storage Silo Turn-key Solution:

1. Engineering design: be scientific, be flexible, be economical, be practical
2. Solid silo and steel structure, high quality handling equipment, high efficient drying system
3. Our professional package service including protective equipment package, transportation,
customs clearance
4. Experience overseas site construction for project success landed, quality warranty till final
acceptance test

Grain Storage Silos Technical data

Material galvanized steel sheet

Life 30-50 years
Body
275m2 Galvanization
Plate
ladders and stairs as outside climbing
Stairs
options

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iv. Rice Cleaner

Multi-function Cylinder Pre-cleaner Rice Cleaning Machine, this model rice pre-cleaner
machine is one of grain cleaning machine used in the first step for all the rice mill production
line with good working efficiency.

Working Principle:

This rice cleaning machine working principle of the preliminary cleaning screen is that
the material falls from the feeding mechanism into the chute, passes through the running
circular screen, and the coarse impurities screened by the garden screen flow out from the
special outlet.

The sieved material passes through the magnetic fence to remove the ferromagnetic
debris mixed in the material. The magnetically-selected material sucks away dust and
impurities through the air suction system, and is taken out by the auger and the wind shut off.

Application Range:
This cleaning machine mainly used in the rice milling project, flour mill production line,
oil press production line as the first step to clean the materials first, this one can be chose to
use in the line, good working efficiency to work.
Advantages:
(1) Low noise
(2) Dust does not show up
(3) Easy disassembly and assembly

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 (4) Sturdy and durable

(5) High capacity

Technical Parameter of Rice Pre-cleaner

Model SCYZ63
Capacity 5000-8000kg/h
Power 1.1kw
Dimension 1930*1020*1640mm

v. Rice Rotary Vibrating Screen

Rotary vibrating screen is mainly used for the initial cleaning of large output of rice and
wheat before entering the warehouse, the cleaning of drying feed, and the processing and
cleaning of the pipeline of the rice processing workshop. It can be suitable for all kinds of
rice, various scenes, various requirements of rice and wheat cleaning. It is very popular used
in rice production line.

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 The rice cleaner is widely used in food, chemical, wine and other industries. It has high
overall strength, large output, good cleaning and grading effect, universal joint hanger, strong
and durable, with feeding uniform material device, metal screen lattice easy to load and
unload, bearing free. It works better with the wind separator.

Rice Rotary Vibrating Screen Features

1.Suitalbe for cleaning large and small materials of large output, widely used in food, chemical,
wine and other industries.
2. High overall strength, large output, good cleaning and grading effect.
3. Universal joint boom, strong and durable.
4. with feed homogenizer.
5. Easy loading and unloading of metal screen
6. Combined material line realizes circular, elliptical and linear motion, providing production
efficiency
7. Visual observation port to observe production situation in real time.
8. Laser cutting ensures the quality and precision of sheet metal parts
9. Carbon dioxide gas shielded welding process
10. The bouncing ball moves without dead angle, eliminating all possible blocking
11. Imported spherical roller bearings, high-precision processing of shaft center and bushing, use
Mobil high temperature resistant lubricating oil, effectively control the temperature of the
transmission structure during continuous production period, and ensure long-term stable
operation.
12. Brand motors have reliable quality and stable output

Rice Rotary Vibrating Screen Technical Parameters

Rice pre-
Rice pre- cleaning
Model cleaning capacity Screen Rotating
Power Weight
Specifications/ capacity（t/h） （t/h） area speed Oversize(mm)
（KW） (KG）
Technical Parameter （Screen （Screen （㎡） （r/min）
size5*20mm） size
4*16mm）

HZXZ150*250-2L 10-30 5-25 3.75 320 3 2850 2988*2205*2105

HZXZ150*250-3L 10-30 5-25 3.75 320 3 2950 2988*2205*2105
HZXZ200*250-2L 15-40 8-30 5 320 4 3100 2988*2705*2105
HZXZ200*250-3L 15-40 8-30 5 320 4 3250 2988*2705*2105
HZXZ200*300-2L 20-50 10-40 6 320 4 3450 3500*2800*2152
HZXZ200*300-3L 20-50 10-40 6 320 4 3600 3500*2800*2152
HZXZ200*360-2L 25-60 15-50 7.2 320 4 3800 4100*2800*2152
HZXZ200*360-3L 25-60 15-50 7.2 320 4 4050 4100*2800*2152

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vi. Vibratory Cleaning Sieves

The TQLZ vibratory cleaning sieve one of rice milling machines mainly used in the rice
processing plant to clean the paddy. It is designed with compact structure, high cleaning
efficiency, smooth working with low consumption, convenient for use, setting two vibrating
motors to vibrate the screen for making the cleaning work.

This rice mill machine is used for cleaning the impurities from the grains like the paddy
rice, wheat, corn, peanuts, soybeans, rapeseed and others same like these pellet materials,
with the gravity working principle to clean different size impurities out, also can be used for
grading the semi-finished or finish processed products.

For its this cleaning function, the vibrating screen is widely used in different kinds of the
grain production line like the rice mill production line the flour mill production line or the oil
press production line. Used as the first cleaning step then make the whole production line
work cleaning and automatic.

QLZ Vibratory Cleaning Sieves Parameters

1. Convenient
2. Low Consumption
3. Smooth Working
4. Designed with Compact Structure
5. High Cleaning Efficiency

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Technical Parameter of TQLZ Vibratory Cleaning Sieves:

Capacity(t/h)
Model Power(kw) Dimension(mm) Weight(kg)
Preliminary clean Clean

TQLZ100 20 8 0.37*2 2100*1500*1500 650

TQLZ125 40 10 0.55*2 2640*1860*1500 800

TQLZ150 50 15 0.55*2 2640*2160*1500 900

TQLZ180 80 20 0.75*2 2640*2460*1500 980

vii. Gravity Destoner

The TQSF series gravity destoner machine is a suction gravity stone removing machine
which works with the suction and gravity principle used in the rice processing plant. It can
make the whole working environment clean and safe. For the out separated impurities dust
there are working wind blower can collect them inside with the suction wind function so that
they can be easy to be collected.

This destoner machine mainly used in the flour mill factories, the rice mill plant factories,
the oil press processing factories, to clean the grains like paddy rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed,
oilseed, peanut, soybeans and some other materials same like these pellet grains, to clean
their inside impurities and stones outside. Besides to use in the production line, it can also
work as a single machine for users use to clean their materials. This gravity classified
destoner machine is a professional cleaning machine, simple structure, multifunction, can
deal with various models materials, with high working efficiency, low power consumption,
easy to operate, and use. 

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TQSX Destoner Machine Structure

(1) Suction wind inlet

(2) Feed port
(3) Suction hood
(4) Ovservation window
(5) Destoner screen
(6) Conveyor belt
(7) Discharge prot
(8) Motor
(9) Machine base

Technical Parameter of TQSX Destoner Machine:

Air
Capacity(t/ Power(kw Weight(kg
Model blow(m3/h Dimension(mm)
h) ) )
)
TQSX85 5-6 0.75 3200-3400 1515*975*1800 350
TQSX10 1515*1125*180
6-7 0.75 3800-4200 380
0 0
TQSX12 1515*1375*180
8-9 1.1 6000-7500 480
5 0

viii. Rice Huller (Husker) Machine

This rice huller machine is also called rice husker, or paddy husker, which is a rubber
roller working rice processing machine. It usually used for removing the paddy rice outside
husk out from the paddy in rice processing plant.
With the help of a stack of rubber rollers that rotate at different speeds, the pressure of the
roller is adjusted by pressing and pressing. The speed and slow roll change adopt gearbox
gear adjustment, which is easy to operate. The difference between the suspension speed of the
rice husk and the rice husk is used to separate the rice husk and the rice husk by suction.
The rice huller machine used in all the rice mill production line, compact structure, easy
to operate and use.

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Technical Parameter of Rice Husker Machine

Roller
Model Capacity Power(kw) Roller size(mm) Weight(kg)
speed(r/m)

Fast roller 1050

MLTG20 1.2-1.6 5.5 Ø255*200 650
Slow roller 830

Fast roller 1050

MLTG25 2-3 5.5 Ø255*254 800
Slow roller 830

Fast roller 1283-

1577
MLTG36 4-5 7.5 Ø255*358 960
Slow roller 1045-
1577

Fast roller 1283-

1577
MLTG51 5-7 11 Ø255*508 1080
Slow roller 1045-
1577

Paddy Rice Husker Machine Structure

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 ix. Double Paddy Separator

Double Body Paddy Rice Separator Machine, MGCZ series gravity paddy separator
machine is mainly used in the large capacity rice mill production line more than 100ton per
day model to separate the well hulled brown rice and the not well-hulled paddy rice.

This paddy rice separator designs with double body separate screen, the function is the
same as the common separator machine, mainly used between the rice huller machine and
rice mill machine. And, it designs with many layers sieves to separate the paddy rice and
brown rice then send them into different working step to be work.

Its working principle makes according to the paddy rice and brown rice different gravity
weight. For the paddy rice need to be well hulled then feed into the rice mill machine for
making white rice. After the rice huller machine, some paddy may not be hulled well, so
paddy rice separator machine will separate these parts out and then send them back to the
huller machine to be hulled again, then again and again, then the well hulled brown rice will
be feed into the rice mill machine for making white rice.

It uses double body structure, smooth operation, light impact of the supporting
foundation. Both sides same high working efficiency, to promise stable capacity and reliable
working. For the separating board is made of stainless steel materials, durable and good use.
This model machine can suitable for various models of materials, equipped with automatic
working and stopping devices, easy to operate, and use. 

MGCZ Double Gravity Paddy Separator Advantage

1. Specially designed rack, compact structure, durable, small footprint, exquisite appearance.
2. Double sieve body combination, good balance, smooth operation, stable and reliable
performance.
3. High degree of automation, easy and reliable operation.
4. The special process for making plate, good separation effect, wide application range.
5. Screening area is large, high yield.
6. With automatic stop device, high degree of automation, easy and reliable operation.
7. Key components using international brand top configuration, durable.
8. The double body structure, solving the equilibrium problem of gravity sieve, stable and
reliable product performance.
9. The blade type swing mechanism and a one-way clutch bearing, the element of life greatly
improved.

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MGCZ Double Gravity Paddy Separator Structure
(1) Feed hopper (2) Sieve plate (3) Paddy rice separating ares 

Technical Parameter of Double Body Gravity Paddy Separator

Capacity(t/ Power(kw
Model Dimension(mm)
h) )
MGCZ45*20* 2200*1870*214
5-7 3
2 0
MGCZ60*20* 2400*1680*214
6*8 4
2 0

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 x. Gravity Paddy Separator

Gravity paddy rice separating machine is mainly used in the rice mill production line,
between the rice huller machine and rice mill machine. It mainly functions is to separate
coarse rice mixture into pure coarse rice that has strong adaptability to raw materials
featuring serious varietal complexity.

It designs with many layers sieves to separate the paddy rice and brown rice then send
them into different working step to be work. Its working principle makes according to the
paddy rice and brown rice different gravity weight. For the paddy rice need to be well hulled
then feed into the rice mill machine for making white rice. After the rice huller machine,
some paddy may cannot be hulled well, so paddy rice separator machine will separate these
parts out and then send them back to the huller machine to be hulled again, then again and
again, then the well hulled brown rice will be feed into the rice mill machine for making
white rice.

The paddy rice separator machine no need larger motor power can make the work well, it
is a very important parts to for making the whole production line smoothly and high capacity.
And also for its inside layers can be made for clients different capacity needs.

For the paddy rice separator machine is designed with compact structure, easy to operate
and use, low power consumption, and good applicability for long grain and short grain,
steady performance.

MGCZ Gravity Paddy Separator in Rice Mill Plant Advantages

1. High capacity, steady performance, low noise and power consumption.

2. Unique balance mechanisms ensure the steady and excellent performance.

3. Adopting blade type swing mechanism and bearing of one-way clutch prolong the service life
of components.

4. Durable imported parts advanced automatic stop system, convenient operation.

5. Suitable for various kinds of rice and mixtures, especially for the short-grain rice.

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MGCZ Gravity Paddy Separator in Rice Mill Plant Structure

(1) Feed hopper

(2) Sieve plate
(3) Paddy rice separating area
(4) Separation box
(5) Support mechanism
(6) Eccentric transmission
(7) Damping mechanism

Technical Parameter of Gravity Paddy Separator
 
Model Capacity(t/h) Power(kw) Dimension(mm)
MGCZ80*6 0.8-1.3 1.1 1350*1000*1400
MGCZ80*7 1.1-1.5 1.1 1350*1000*1450
MGCZ100*6 1.2-1.6 1.1 1600*1250*1400
MGCZ100*7 1.3-2.1 1.1 1600*1250*1450
MGCZ100*8 2.1-2.4 1.1 1600*1250*1500
MGCZ100*10 2.5-3.2 1.5 1650*1250*1750
MGCZ100*12 3.4-4 1.5 1650*1250*1800
MGCZ100*14 4-4.9 1.5 1700*1350*1740
MGCZ100*16 4.5-5.6 1.5 1700*1350*1820

xi. Rotary Rice Grader

Rotary rice grader is a combined part in rice process plant, it is used for classify the white
rice into good rice and broken rice. It is usually designed into 2 or 3 layers according to
customer's needs, and can produce high quality white rice from the common rice, different
clients has different requirements to meet the market demands.

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Rotary Rice Grader Main Features
1. Compact size, good sealing, and less dust leakage.
2. High output, low noise and low energy consumption.
3. Transparent observation port, real-time observation of machine dynamics
4. A good welding process ensures that the life of the machine is extended.
5. The bouncy ball automatically cleans the screen holes and is not easily clogged.
6. Reliable quality, beautiful appearance, easy installation and operation

Rotary Rice Grader Technical Parameters

Technical
Parameters MMJM160-A MMJM160-B MMJM200-A
Device Model
Power 2.2KW 2.2KW 3KW
Voltage 380V 380V 380V
2296*2720*2384m 2426*2294*2384m 2285*3051*2405m
Dimension
m m m
Weight 2150KG 1900KG 2300KG
Capacity 8-10T/H 8-10T/H 10-13T/H

xii. White Rice Grader Machine

MMJP white rice grader grading machine is a rice processing machine for separating the
broken rice and good rice from the final white rice. Its design with two layers or three layers
or four layers suitable for different clients’ needs. It is usually used in a rice mill plant. It can
grade the white rice into three standards, highest standard, middle standard, and the broken
rice, then for high standard rice can be packed directly, and the broken rice users can choose
for other uses.

24
 This rice grader machine designs with a small motor so that work with low consumption,
different layers with different size to make different standard separator work, high working
efficiency, easy to operate, and use.

White Rice Grader Machine in Rice Mill Plant Structure

Technical Parameter of White Rice Grader:

Model Capacity(t/h) Power(kw) Dimension(mm)

MMJP63*3 0.8-1.25 0.75 1462*740*1280
MMJP80*3 1.5-2 1.1 1600*1000*1315
MMJP100*3 2.5-3.3 1.1 1690*1090*1386
MMJP100*4 2.5*3.5 1.1 1690*1087*1420
MMJP112*3 3.5-4.2 1.1 1690*1208*1420
MMJP112*4 3.5-4.5 1.1 1690*1208*1420
MMJP125*3 4.5-5 1.5 1690*1458*1386
MMJP125*4 4.5-5.2 1.5 1690*1457*1420
MMJP150*4 5.5-6 1.5 1725*1580*1500

25
xiii. Rice Polisher
The Rice polisher machine widely used in the rice mill production line to polish the
white rice more bright and white. It is a water mist polisher machine, when working inside
will connect water and spray the water on the inside roller, then to low and clean the roller
work to make the polisher work.
It is mainly used for polishing white rice in the rice milling process, further improving the
smoothness of white rice, and is a key piece of equipment for producing rice. For the polisher
machine can be used before or after the color sorter machine to do its work, high working
efficiency, compact structure, beautiful appearance, reasonable process, simple operation, and
convenient maintenance.

The advantage of water mist rice polishing machine

1. Good working performance, power sumption saving
2. Easy to operate and maintain
3. Low rice broken rate
4. Compact structure, good appearance

26
Technical Parameter of Rice Polisher Machine

Model Capacity(t/h) Power(kw) Dimension(mm) Weight(kg)

MPG128 3.5-7 55-90 2200*800*2500 1800
MPG40 2.5-4 37-45 2500*700*2230 860

xiv. Rice Length Grader

Rice length grader machine is one of the rice processing machine, and usually used in the
rice processing plant. It is based on the rice length difference to classify different standard
rice.

This rice mill machine takes the principle that the whole rice and the broken rice have
different lengths to separate the broken rice from the whole rice. So that to promise no
broken rice in the whole rice. For this rice processing, a machine sieve tube can be easily
replaced, and also its operation is simple, the sieve tubes have flexible combination styles,
for the details also can be customized according to customers’ needs.

27
 Note:
1. The amount of rice feed in the machine is less than ≤30%, and the bran powder in the rice
is less than ≤0.015%
2. The length of the broken rice is in the common rice length 2/3 or more than 2/3 will be
regarded as the complete rice.

Technical Parameter of Rice Length Grader:

Separation effect
Model Capacity(t/h) Power(kw) Dimension(mm) Fragment in Orude rice in
the whole(%) the process(%)
MDJY71/71 3-3.5 3 3340*1040*2060 ≤2 ≤5
MDJY71/71
3-3.5 3 4170*836*1895 ≤2 ≤5
new
MDJY71*3 4-5 4.5 3340*1100*3050 ≤2 ≤5
MDJY71*3 new 4-5 4.5 4170*836*2710 ≤2 ≤5
MDJY71*4 6-7 6 4170*880*3500 ≤2 ≤5

Rice Length Classifier Structure:

28
xv. Rice Color Sorter

Rice color sorter machine is mainly used in the rice mill production line to cooperate with
other rice processing machines. Also for some users use it to deal with different materials
with high working efficiency.

For the color sorter machine is a professional grain processing machine to separate
different colors gains out so that to make the final product cleans and high standard. This
machine uses CCD cameras with our import system and also engineer high technical skills,
with high working efficiency. For the color sorter machine can deal with various kinds of
grains like rice, corn, wheat, coffee beans, garlic, and others, also can separate the stones or
the plastic and can be used in many areas, like the rice processing production line, the plastic
making line, the medical line and also the chemical area, very good working.

The color sorter machine we have a colorful color model and the black-white color model
according to clients different materials. Besides the rice, it also can deal with different kinds
of grains, tea leaf, plastic, stones, also like the garlic and something like this, good working,
high technical skills, use in the rice mill production line can make the final white with higher
standard less impurities.

29
 Rice Color Sorter Machine in Rice Mill Plant Advantages
(1) Fast process
(2) Interactive control
(3) Intelligent capture
(4) Dust proof
(5) Color customization
Rice Color Sorter Machine in Rice Mill Plant Structure Details

Rice Color Sorter Machine Technical Parameter

Capacity Sorting Rejection Weight  Power Dimension

Model
(t/h) accuracy rate (kg) (kw) (mm)
HSX-64 0.3-0.7 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 280 0.75 780*1527*1543
HSX-128 1-4 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 450 1.1 1250*1535*1832
HSX-192 2-6 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 600 1.6 1620*1535*1832
HSX-256 3-8 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 750 2.3 1855*1540*1852
HSX-320 4-10 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 900 2.9 2244*1540*1852
HSX-384 5-12 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 1100 3.1 2595*1540*1852
HSX-448 6-14 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 1350 3.9 2905*1540*1852
HSX-512 7-16 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 1500 5 3025*1540*1852
HSX-640 9-20 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 1800 6.5 3750*1540*1852
HSX-768 11-24 ≥99.99 ≥30:1 2100 7.0 4430*1540*1852

30
 xvi. Rice Thickness Classifier

Rice thickness classify machine is one of rice processing machine used in rice mill plant.
Client can choose to use in the rice mill production line, for some clients may have different
kinds rice mix together. 

The thickness classify machine designs with reliable structure due to chain driving to
reduce loss from transportation, with inside working sieve high quality durable and efficient,
automatic cleaning device for sieves us available.

For this model thickness classify machine, client can choose to use in the rice mill
production line, for some clients may have different kinds rice mix together.

Technical parameter of Rice Thickness Classifier

Model Capacity(t/h) Power(kw) Dimension(mm) Weight(kg)
HS-400 3.5-4 1.1 1950*1050*2000 480
HS-600 5-6 1.5 1950*1050*2360 650
HS-800 7-8 2.2 1990*1220*2830 850
HS-1000 9-10 3 2100*1350*3120 1150

Rice Thickness Classifier Grader Machine Structure

31
xvii. Automatic Packing Machine

DCS rice package machine is professional used for packing various kinds of pellet
materials like the millet, rice, sugars or others. It is a multifunctional machine with weighing,
packing and sealing in a whole which is a very convenient and economical machine used in
the rice mill production line.

Weighing function of this rice packing machine is used to weigh the rice with users need
capacity and then pack them in the bag then convey or will convey them to be sealed. Whole
process is an automatic working, no need too much labor, very convenient.

Designs with new controller with high precision, working stable, can display the total
weight, number of package, easy operation. Over-weight warming and auto-diagnosis. Wide
packing range, high precision, it can match well with conveyor and sewing machine. Product
using imported sensor, pneumatic actuator, easy maintenance and non-pollution.

Application:

This rice packing machine are widely used in different models rice milling plant, it can pack
various models capacity rice according to clients, also if client want to use it with a single
rice mill machine, it can also work very fine.

32
 Automatic Packing Machine in Rice Mill Plant Advantages

(1) The rice packing machine with touching screen, easy to operate
(2) The rice packing machine with sealer to seal the bag at one time
(3) The rice packing machine can feed the materials into bad automatically
(4) The rice packing machine with conveyor can deliver the sealed well bags to save labor

Technical Parameter of Our Package Machine:

Model Package range(kg) Speed(bag/h) Air supply(Mpa) Dimension (mm)

DCS-1 0.2-1 300-500 0.4-0.8 1725*620*710

DCS-5 1-5 300-500 0.4-0.8 1890*620*710

DCS-25 2.5-25 300-420 0.4-0.8 2450*650*715

DCS-50 5-50 >300 0.4-0.8 2560*650*715

DCS-100 10-100 >300 0.4-0.8 1960*730*755
Other Crop Processing Machinery

33
 Machine capable of extracting the juice of different crops.

Classification according to input capacity:

i. Household/Small scale
Multicrop juice extractor that has an input of up to 15 kg/h

ii. Medium-scale
Multicrop juice extractor that has an input of 15 kg/h to 40 kg/h

iii. Commercial/ Large scale

Multicrop juice extractor that has an input of more than 40 kg/h
Typical design of a multicrop juice extractor

Classification according to type of extraction mechanism:

i. Piston Press Type

Machines that extract juice by squeezing or compressing.
Crops are placed between two surfaces and are subjected to pressure.

Extracting chamber of a piston press type

ii. Screw press type

Machines that extract juice through a tapered, rotating screw that moves and compresses
the crops. Extraction takes place by shearing and pressing actions

iii. Rolling Press type

Sample screw for a screw press type

34
Machines that extract juice by placing the crops in between two rolling plates/disc

Price

In the Philippines Rice Milling

Machine and other rice related machines
mainly costs around PHP 7,079.42 to PHP
93,042.70 which is based on Alibaba.com
website.

The multi crop juice extractor

machine in the Philippines mainly cost
around Php 76,830.88 which is based
in Alibaba.com website.

III. Specifications and Methods of Test According to PAES

35
 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARDS PNS/PAES 206:2015

Agricultural Machinery – Rice Mill – Specifications

1 Scope

This standard specifies the requirements for rice mill.

2 References

The following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text

constitute provisions of this National Standard:

36
PNS/PAES 101:2000 Agricultural Machinery –Technical Means for Ensuring Safety –

General

PNS/PAES 102:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and

Presentation

PNS/PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling

PNS/PAES 138:2004 Agricultural Machinery – Guidelines on After Sales Service

PNS/PAES 202:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Heated–Air Mechanical Grain Dryer –

Methods of Test

PNS/PAES 207:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Mill – Methods of Test

PNS/PAES 214:2004 Agricultural Machinery – Rubber Roll for Rice Mill – Specifications

3 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard the following definitions shall apply:

3.1

bran

outer layer of the brown rice consisting of the aleurone cells covering the endosperm of the

rice grain

3.2

broken grains

pieces of grains smaller than three-fourths (3/4) of the average length of the unbroken kernels

3.3

brown rice

dehulled rice

cargo rice

dehusked rice

rice kernels from which only the hull has been removed and with the bran layer still intact

3.4

37
coefficient of hulling

ratio of the dehulled grains to the total amount of grain input, expressed in percent

3.5

coefficient of wholeness

ratio of the whole brown rice to the total amount of dehulled grains, expressed in percent

3.6

head rice

grain or a piece of a grain with its length equal to or greater than three-fourths (3/4) of the

average length of the whole kernels

3.7

huller

husker

dehuller

component of a rice mill that removes the hulls (palea and lemma) from the grains

3.8

hulling efficiency

product of the coefficient of hulling and the coefficient of wholeness of grains, expressed in

percent

3.9

input capacity

weight of paddy per unit loading time into the huller, expressed in metric tons per hour

3.10

milled rice

white rice

grains obtained after the removal of hull, bran and germ

38
3.11

milling capacity

quantity of paddy that the rice mill can process to a specified quality per total milling

time,expressed in metric tons per hour

3.12

milling degree

extent or degree by which the bran layer of the brown rice is removed as a result of whitening

3.13

milling recovery

ratio of the weight of milled rice to the total weight of paddy, expressed in percent

3.14

milling recovery index

ratio of the milling recovery obtained in actual testing, to the milling recovery obtained from

the laboratory test mill

3.15

multi-pass rice mill

rice mill that employs a series of two or more whitening/polishing machines

3.16

paddy

rough rice

“palay”

unhulled grain of Oryza sativa, which means, grain with the glumes enclosing the kernel

3.17

percent head rice

39
ratio of the weight of grains with a size ofthree-fourths (3/4) or more of the whole grain to the

total weight of milled rice, expressed in percent

3.18

percent head rice index

ratio of the percent head rice obtained in actual testing, to the percent head rice obtained from

the laboratory test mill

3.19

polisher

device of a rice mill, which removes the remaining bran on the milled rice and produces a

glossy appearance

3.20

rice hull

rice husk

outer most rough covering of the paddy grain (palea and lemma) consisting of the empty

glumes, floral glumes, and awn

3.21

rice mill

machine used to remove the hull and bran of the paddy to produce milled rice and consists

mainly of hulling and whitening assembly

3.21.1

cone “cono” type

type of rice mill having an under-runner stone disc huller and vertical cone whitener

40
3.24

whitener

component of a rice mill that removes the bran in the brown rice

3.24.1

abrasive type

type of whitening machine consisting of a cylinder or cone coated with abrasive material such

as emery stone or any similar materials enclosed in a perforated steel housing

41
3.24.2

friction type

type of whitening machine consisting of a ridgedcylinder enclosed in a perforated steel

housing

4 Classification

The classification of rice mill, shall be based on the following:

4.1 Method of Operation

4.1.1 Single-pass rice mill

4.1.2 Multi-pass rice mill

4.2 Type of Huller

4.2.1 Under-runner stone disc

4.2.2 Rubber roll type

4.2.3 Centrifugal type

5 Performance and Other Requirements

5.1 The performance criteria for rice mill shall be as specified in Table 1.

5.2 The specified capacity at the brown rice output of the paddy separator must be attained.

5.3 The rubber roll shall be able to process the input capacity as stated in PNS/PAES

214:2004 – Agricultural Machinery – Rubber Roll for Rice Mill – Specifications.

42
6 Workmanship and Finish

6.1 Rice mill shall be free from manufacturing defects that may be detrimental to its operation.

6.2 Any uncoated metallic surfaces shall be free from rust and shall be painted properly.

6.3 Rice mill shall be free from sharp edges and surfaces that may injure the operator. The warning notice
shall be in accordance with PNS/PAES 101:2000 – Agricultural Machinery – Technical Means for
Ensuring Safety – General.

7 Warranty for Construction and Services

7.1 The construction of the rice mill shall be rigid and durable without major breakdown

of the hulling, whitening, separating, aspirating, and conveying mechanism within six (6)

months.

7.2 Warranty shall be provided for parts and services within six (6) months after the

installation and acceptance by the user, except on easy to wear parts such as belts, rubber

rolls, and screens. General requirements of the warranty shall be in accordance with

PNS/PAES 138:2004 – Agricultural Machinery – Guidelines on After Sales Service.

8 Maintenance and Operation

8.1 Each rice mill shall be provided with at least three (3) pieces of dust masks and the

basic tools as specified by the manufacturer: one (1) set each of Allen and open wrenches and

one (1) piece each ofcross and flat screw driver

8.2 An instruction manual which conforms to PNS/PAES 102:2000 – Agricultural

Machinery – Operator’s manual – Content and Presentation shall be provided.

8.3 There shall be provisions for lubrication of non-sealed type bearings and belt tightening.

8.4 Provisions for safety of the operator from all moving components of the rice mill such

as belt guard or cover shall be included.

43
9 Sampling

The rice mill shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PNS/PAES 103:2000 –

Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling.

10 Testing

The sampled rice mill shall be tested in accordance with PNS/PAES 207:2015 – Agricultural

Machinery – Rice Mill – Methods of Test

11 Marking and Labeling

Each unit of rice mill shall be marked at prominent place with the following information:

11.1 Registered trademark of the manufacturer

11.2 Brand

11.3 Model

11.4 Serial number

11.5 Name and address of the manufacturer

11.6 Name and address of the importer/distributor

11.7 Country of manufacture /Made in the Philippines

11.8 Input capacity, metric tons/h

11.9 Power requirement, kW

11.10 Safety/Precautionary markings

44
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/PAES 207:2015
(PAES published 2015)

National Foreword

The Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards PAES 207:2015, Agricultural machinery – Rice mill –
Methods of test was approved for adoption as Philippine National Standard by the Bureau of Philippine
Standards upon the recommendation of the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation
Center(AMTEC) and the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research
and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (PCAARRD-DOST).

This standard cancels and replaces PNS/PAES 207:2003 (PAES published 2000).

PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARDS PNS/PAES 207:2015

Agricultural Machinery – Rice Mill – Methods of Test

Foreword

The revision of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation
Center (AMTEC) under the project entitled “Development of Standards for Rice Production and
Postproduction Machinery" which was funded by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and
Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) of the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST).

This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with PAES 010-2 – Rules for the Structure and
Drafting of International Standards.

The word “shall” is used to indicate mandatory requirements to conform to the standard.

The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly
suitable without mentioning or excluding others.

In preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications were considered:

Milling. IRRI Rice Knowledge Bank

(http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-stepproduction/postharvest/milling)

Codex Standard for Rice. 198-1995

Primer on Philippine Grains Standardization Program of the National Food Authority.

Rice Postharvest Technology. 1995. The Food Agency Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries. Tokyo, Japan.

Rice Postproduction Technology A Technical Reference Guide. 2003. Philippine Rice

Postproduction Consortium. Japan Grain Inspection Association. National Food Authority.

Quezon City.

45
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARDS PNS/PAES 207:2015
Agricultural Machinery – Rice Mill – Methods of Test

1 Scope

This standard specifies the methods of test for rice mill. Specifically, this shall be used to:

1.1 verify the mechanism, main dimensions, weight, material accessories of the rice mill and the list of
specifications submitted by the manufacturer;

1.2 determine the performance of the machine;

1.3 evaluate the ease of handling and safety features;

1.4 determine the effect of milling on grain quality through laboratory analysis; and

1.5 report the result of tests

2 References

The following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text
constitute provisions of this National Standard:

PNS/PAES 102:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and

Presentation

PNS/PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling

PNS/PAES 203:2000 Moisture Content Determination for Rice and Corn

PNS/PAES 206:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Mill – Specifications

3 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard the definitions given in PNS/PAES 206:2015 – Agricultural
Machinery – Rice Mill – Specifications and the following shall apply.

3.1

brewers rice
“binlid”
chips
small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a sieve having round perforations of
1.4mm in diameter

3.2
destoner
auxiliary device used to separate stones from the paddy and/or brown rice

3.3
output capacity
weight of milled rice per unit of milling time, expressed in metric tons per hour

46
3.4
over milled rice
rice grain from which the hull, the germ, and the bran layers have been completely removed (0%)

3.5
paddy grader
auxiliary device used to classify paddy based on length and thickness

3.6
paddy separator
auxiliary device used to separate paddy from brown rice

3.7
polisher
pearler
auxiliary device used to remove the remaining small bran particles on the milled rice and gives it a glossy
appearance

3.8
pre-cleaner
auxiliary device used to remove foreign matter/impurities from the paddy before milling

3.9
regular milled rice
rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers and the greater part of the inner
bran layers have been removed but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers may still
be present on 21% to 40% of the sample grains

3.10
undermilled rice
rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the inner
bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer may still be
present on more than 40 % of the sample grains

3.11
well-milled rice
rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the inner
bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer may still be
present on 1% to 20% of the sample grains

4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection

4.1 Role of manufacturer/dealer

The manufacturer/dealer shall submit to the official testing agency the specifications and
other relevant information on the rice mill. He/She shall abide with the terms and conditions
set forth by the authorized testing agency. The interested party shall provide testing materials
and shall shoulder other variable costs such as fuel, etc.

47
4.2 Role of the representative of the manufacturer/dealer

An officially designated representative of the manufacturer/dealer shall operate, adjust, repair

and shall decide on matters related to the operation of the machine. Manufacturers/dealers
should provide appropriate authorization documents.

4.3 Test site conditions

The rice mill shall be tested as installed for normal operation. The site should have ample
provisions for grain handling, temporary storage, and work space. Adequate ventilation and
lighting shall be provided in the area.

4.4 Suspension of test

If during the test run, the machine stops due to breakdown or malfunction so as to affect the
machine’s performance, the test may be suspended. The decision to suspend or to continue
the test is at the discretion of the test engineer and concurred by the representative.

5 Test Preparation

5.1 Preparation of the rice mill for testing

A check shall be made by the manufacturer and testing authority that the rice mill has been
assembled and installed in accordance with the instruction of the manufacturer.
In case of testing commercially manufactured rice mill, the machine sampled for acceptance,
lot, routine, and type tests in accordance with PNS/PAES 103:2000 – Agricultural Machinery
– Method of Sampling shall be submitted for test.

5.2 Test instruments and other materials

The suggested list of minimum field and laboratory test equipment and materials needed to
carry out the rice mill test is shown in Annex A. These instruments should be calibrated
regularly. Before and after each test, these instruments shall be physically checked for
operation and shall be cleaned, respectively. A checklist of instruments and materials shall be
prepared to be used before departure to and from the testing area.

5.3 Test materials

The paddy to be used for testing shall be prepared in sufficient quantity following the
procedure in Annex B.

5.4 Running-in and preliminary adjustments

Before the start of the test, the rice mill should have undergone a breaking-in period. The rice
mill shall be operated at the test site by the official representative of the manufacturer for
sufficient duration with and without load. During the running-in period, the various

48
adjustments of the rice mill shall be made according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
(No other adjustments shall be permitted during the test.)

6 Pre-test Observation

6.1 Verification of specifications

The specifications claimed by the manufacturer and the physical details given in Annex C
shall be verified by the testing agency.

6.2 Test materials

Representative paddy samples shall be collected from the test lot to determine the moisture
content, percent cracked grains, and purity.

7 Performance Test

7.1 Operation of the rice mill

The rice mill shall be operated at the manufacturer’s recommended setting of its components.
The testing authority shall make all measurements, which form part of the test and take the
prescribed samples. An instruction manual which conforms to PNS/PAES 102:2000
Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and Presentation shall be provided.
The recommended feeding rate shall be maintained during the test run with duration of at
least 30 minutes. For multi-pass rice mills with control tanks, these tanks shall be fully
opened during the test runs.
After the test-run, the milling area shall be cleaned and then prepared for the next test trial(s).
This procedure shall be repeated for the succeeding test trial(s).

7.2 Sampling

Samples shall be collected at different outlets during each test trial. Sampling procedure is
given in Annex D.

7.3 Data collection

7.3.1 Duration of test

The duration of each test trial shall start with the loading of the paddy into the huller (first
drop) and ends at the last drop of the paddy into the huller.

7.3.2 Noise level

The noise emitted by the machine, with or without load, shall be measured using a noise level
meter both at the location of the operators and baggers. The noise, expressed in dB(A), shall
be taken approximately 5 cm away from the ear level of the operators and baggers.

49
7.3.3 Speed of components

The speed of the rotating shafts of the rice mill’s major components shall be taken using a
tachometer.
Note – Measurements shall be taken with and without load for sub-clause 7.3.2 and

7.3.3 as specified in Annex E.

7.3.4 Fuel/Electric energy consumption

Before the start of each test trial, the fuel tank shall be filled to its capacity and after each test;
the fuel consumed shall be measured. In case an electric motor is used as a primemover, a
power meter shall be used to measure electric energy consumption.

7.4 Data recording and observations

Record sheet for all data and information during the test is given in Annex E. Observations to
be taken during the performance test shall be recorded in this sheet.

8 Laboratory Analysis

This is carried out to analyze the grain samples taken during the performance test.

8.1 Laboratory analysis shall be made to determine the grain moisture content, purity,

bulk density, coefficient of hulling, coefficient of wholeness, cracked grains, milling degree,

whiteness index, head rice and broken grains. The laboratory procedures to be followed in the

analysis are given in Annex F. Items to be determined shall be recorded in Annex G.

8.2 The quality of milled rice samples from the rice mill shall be compared to the quality

of milled rice using the laboratory rubber roll husker/huller and a laboratory whitener.

9 Formula

The formula to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex I.

10 Test Report Format

The test report shall include the following information in the order given:

10.1 Title

10.2 Summary of Results

10.3 Purpose and Scope of Test

10.4 Methods of Test

50
10.5 Conditions of the Machine

10.6 Description of the Machine

10.7 Results and Discussions

10.8 Observations (include pictures)

10.9 Names and Signatures of Test Engineers

51
 Annex D

Sampling and Measurement for Test Material

D.1 Sampling procedures for paddy input

The conditions of the paddy input such as bulk density, moisture content, purity and
percentage cracked grains to be used in each test shall be taken using three (3) “representative
samples” each weighing 1.5 kg which represent the different conditions of paddy input in the
bulk. This can be done by taking samples each at the top, middle and bottom portions of the
bulk. Samples representing the materials for each test trial shall be placed in appropriate
containers for laboratory analysis.

D.2 Sampling from different outlets

During each test trial three samples each shall be collected from the outlets of the different
components (huller, paddy separator, destoner, whitener, etc.) of the rice mill to be analyzed
in the laboratory. The minimum amount of sample to be taken shall be twice as much as what
is needed for a particular analysis. The excess sample shall be used for reference purposes or
for an eventual second check in case of review.

D.3 Handling of samples

All samples to be taken to the laboratory shall be placed in appropriate containers and
properly labeled. If the sample is to be used for determining moisture content, it must be kept
in dry and airtight containers.

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D.4 Other measurements required during the test run

Data shall be taken for the following: speed of rotating components and noise level at
operator’s and bagger’s location. For each data to be taken there shall be a minimum of five
observations. These shall be taken with and without load. Before taking of data, it should be
ensured that the feed rate, speed and other functional characteristics have stabilized. The time
of recording shall be properly spaced during the whole duration of the test trials.

D.5 Measurement of fuel/power consumption

For rice mills using engine as primemover. To get the amount of fuel consumed, the tank
shall be filled to full capacity before the test. After the test, fill the tank with measured fuel to
the same level before the test. When filling up the tank, careful attention shall be paid to keep
the tank horizontal and not to leave empty space on the tank.

Using electric motors as primemover. Use a power meter to measure the voltage, current,
and the total electric power consumption of the rice mill. There shall be three sets of data
with a minimum of five observations per set taken with load and one set of data taken without
load. Data shall be taken simultaneous with the collection of samples for laboratory analysis.

Annex F

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 Laboratory Analysis

F.1 Laboratory analysis of input paddy

The steps in sampling input paddy for processing in the laboratory huller and laboratory
whitener as well as determining the grain parameters are shown in Figure 1.

F.1.1 Purity

Each of the three 0.5 kg test paddy sample is cleaned and the components namely, the paddy
and the impurities, are separated for weighing.

F.1.2 Moisture content

This shall be taken using a calibrated moisture meter.At least five (5) representative samples
taken randomly at 500 g each shall be taken for moisture content determination preferably
using the Air-Oven Method or any calibrated moisture meter. Refer to PNS/PAES 203:2000
– Moisture Content Determination for Rice and Corn.

F.1.3 Cracked grains

Three 100-whole head grain sample is drawn for hand hulling to determine the percentage
cracked brown rice.
Each grain shall be hulled carefully by hand, taking care not to use undue rubbing force or
high pressure to minimize mechanical stress on the grain. Each hulled grain or brown rice
grains shall be examined for cracks under a magnifying lens against a backlight through a
translucent plate or light diffuser. Grains which show cracks or which have been broken in
the process of hand hulling shall be counted as cracked grains. Broken grains that were not
due to hand hulling shall be counted as broken grains. The mean value determined from the
three 100-grain samples shall be taken as the percentage cracked hand-hulled brown rice.

F.1.4 Weight per 1000 grains full grain test paddy

Three 1000-grain sample is drawn and weighed as soon as possible.

F.1.5 Weight of 1000 grains whole head brown rice

Take three 1000-whole head grain samples from the brown rice sample and weigh.

F.1.6 Milled rice grain parameters

Three 100-grams sample of milled rice from the laboratory whitener shall be weighed and
separated into components of head rice, broken rice, and brewer’s rice. Each component shall
be weighed individually to determine the percentage on weight basis.

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F.1.7 Weight of 1000-grain whole head milled rice

Three 1000-grain sample of whole head milled rice shall be drawn from the head rice
component and then weighed.

F.1.8 Damaged grain

Three 100-grain head milled rice samples shall also be drawn from the head milled rice
component and examined under a magnifying lens for grain damage. The percentage grain
damage is taken as the mean value from three 100-grain sample.

F.2 Laboratory analysis of samples from test rice mill

The steps in sampling brown rice and milled rice from test rice mill for analysis of grain
parameters is the same as in Figure 1.

F.2.1 Weight of 1000 grains whole head brown rice

Three 1000-g sample of whole head brown rice shall be drawn to determine the weight of
1000 grains.

F.2.2 Coefficient of hulling

Three samples of 100g of huller output shall be drawn and separated into brown rice and
unhulled paddy to determine the coefficient of hulling.

F.2.3 Coefficient of wholeness

Three samples of 100-g brown rice sample is drawn and separated into broken brown rice and
head brown rice. The coefficient of wholeness is determined from the weight of the
components and shall be taken as the mean of the three samples.

F.2.4 Weight of 1000 whole grains

Three 1000-grain samples of milled rice shall be taken and weighed.

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F.2.5 Grain parameters

The head milled rice recovery, total milling recovery, and percentage, on weight basis, of
broken milled rice and brewer’s rice shall be determined from the nominal 200-g milled rice
sample.

F.2.6 Milling degree

Milling degree shall be determined using the simple Alcohol-Alkali Bran Staining Method or
any other comparable method that can be developed in the future. The method to be used
shall be certified by an authorized agency. A flowchart for determining the milling degree
using Alcohol-Alkali Bran Staining Method is shown in Annex H.

Annex H
Determining the Milling Degree of Milled Rice
(Alcohol-Alkali Bran Staining Method)

Alcohol-Alkali Bran Staining is a method of determining the milling degree which involves
dipping the rice kernels in a 2% KOH-EtOH (Potassium Hydroxide-Ethyl Alcohol) solvent
where the residual bran layers shown up as brown patches or streaks against a background of
light yellow endosperm.

Alcohol-Alkali Staining Solvent is a solution of 2% KOH-EtOH (Potassium Hydroxide-Ethyl

Alcohol) in the volume ratio of 1:3.

Bran Streaks (BS) are longitudinal bran layers remaining in the dorsal grain grooves after
milling.

Methodology

1. Preparation of the Alcohol-Alkali Staining Solution

a. Prepare 2% KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)

i. Weigh 20 grams of KOH
ii. Dissolve in 1.0 L of distilled water

b. Mix the 2% KOH with ethyl alcohol (EtOH) in the volume ratio of 1:3 to form
the 2% KOH-EtOH solution. Shake or mix well.

2. Preparation of Rice Samples

a. Separate the head rice from the brokens with the use of indented plates.
Discard the brokens.
b. Mix thoroughly the head rice kernels.
c. Prepare the working sample for three (3) trials consisting of 100 pieces per
trial, using a grain counter.

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 3. Staining Procedure
a. Place the kernels (100) pieces in a petri dish and pour twenty milliliters (20 mL) of 2% KOH-
EtOH solvent into the dish.
b. Cover the dish. Allow to stand for 15 minutes.
c. Pour off and discard the staining solution.
d. Transfer and stained head rice sample on a piece of white bond paper and air
dry for about 5 minutes.

4. Determination of Milling Degree

a. Using either a grain picker or finger, separate the stained kernels with residual
bran streak/s whose length is at least 2 mm or aggregate of 2 mm. Residual
bran streaks are highlighted distinctly brown against a background of light
yellow endosperm.
b. Count the separated kernels with bran streaks. The count corresponds to the
percentage of kernels with bran streaks (BS) in a working sample, Present the
result as number of kernel with bran streak per 100 grain sample.

Note : Adopted from the Procedure for Determining the Milling Degree of Milled Rice by the
National Food Authority

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58
59
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 235: 2008
Agricultural Machinery–Multicrop Juice Extractor–Methods of Test

Foreword

The formulation of this national standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing
and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) through the project “Multicrop Processing Machines for
`Commercialization” funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) through
its Technology Innovation for Commercialization (TECHNICOM) Program and monitored
by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and
Development (PCARRD).

For this standard, parameters for the purity of extracted juice is not included since further
studies and testing are still needed to be established.

This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with BPS Directives Part 3:2003 –
Rules for the Structure and Drafting of International Standards.

The word “shall” is used to indicate mandatory requirements to conform to the standard.

The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as
particularly suitable without mentioning or excluding others.

In the preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications were considered:

AMTEC Test and Evaluation Report KOLBI Juice Extractor (for Arrowroot)

AMTEC Test and Evaluation Report Simplextractor-Coco Oil Expeller

Bates, R.P., J. R. Morris and P. G. Gandall. Principles and practices of small-and medium
scale fruit juice processing. www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y2515E/y2515e00.htm.

Bautista, O.K. and H.B. Aycardo. Ginger: Its Production, Handling, Processing and
Marketing with Emphasis on Export. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture,
University of the Philippines Los Baños. 1979.

CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering- Volume IV- Agro-Processing Engineering.

Published by American Society of Agricultural Engineers.

Ginger Crop Guides: Postharvest Handling of Ginger.

http://www.agribusinessonline.com/crops/gingerph.asp

Malinis, Arnulfo P. Development of the Integrated Multicrop Processing System (Zero Waste
Ginger Processing Technology). 2004.

PAES 231:2005 Agricultural Machinery – Coconut Expeller – Methods of Test

Recommended Code of Practice for Handling and Processing Muscovado Products

60
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 235: 2008
Agricultural Machinery–Multicrop Juice Extractor–Methods of Test

1 Scope

This standard specifies the methods of test and inspection for multicrop juice extractor used
for mechanical extraction of juice from ginger, coconut, carrots, onion, lemon grass, pandan
leaves, arrow root, cassava, sweet potato, garlic, herbal plants and vegetables leaves.

Specifically, it shall be used to:

1.1 verify the mechanism, dimensions, materials, accessories of the multicrop juice
extractor and the list of specifications submitted by the manufacturer;

1.2 determine the performance of the machine;

1.3 evaluate the ease of handling and safety features;

1.4 analyze the products of extraction through laboratory analysis; and

1.5 report the results of the tests.

2 References

The following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text
constitute provisions of these standards:

PAES 103:2000 Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling

PAES 234:2008 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Juice Extractor – Specifications

3 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in PAES 234 and the following shall
apply:

3.1
extraction efficiency
ratio between the total moisture extracted by the machine to the total initial moisture content
of the crop

3.2
extraction loss
difference between the total amount of potential juice content and total amount of juice
recovered

3.3
extraction rate
quantity of juice that the extractor can obtain per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour

61
3.4
juice quality
refers to the physical and chemical properties of juice extracted

3.5
juice recovery
ratio of the extracted juice and the total weight of the input crop, expressed in percent

3.6
meal
residues of the test materials after juice extraction

3.7
potential juice content
initial moisture content of the crop

3.8
morphological properties
properties of the test material which deal with its anatomical characteristics such as length,
width and thickness.

3.9
running-in period
preliminary operation of the machine to make final adjustments prior to the conduct of test

4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection

4.1 Selection of multicrop juice extractor to be tested

Machine submitted for test shall be sampled in accordance with PAES 103.

4.2 Role of manufacturer/dealer

The manufacturer shall submit specifications and other relevant information about the
multicrop juice extractor and shall abide with the terms and conditions set forth by an official
testing agency.

4.3 Role of the operator

An officially designated operator shall be skilled and shall demonstrate, operate, adjust,
repair as the case maybe, related to the operation of the machine.

4.4 Test site conditions

The site should have ample provisions for material handling, temporary storage, work space
and normal working conditions.

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4.5 Termination of Test

If during testing, the machine stops due to major component breakdown or malfunctions, the
test engineer from the official testing agency shall terminate the test.

5 Test Preparation

5.1 Test instruments

The instruments to be used shall have been calibrated and checked by the testing agency prior
to the measurements. The suggested list of minimum field and laboratory test equipment and
materials needed to carry out the multicrop juice extractor test is shown in Annex A.

5.2 Test material

Test materials to be used shall be any of the following crops; ginger, coconut, carrots, onion,
lemon grass, pandan leaves, arrow root, cassava, sweet potato, garlic, herbal plants and
vegetables leaves with the following characteristics:

5.2.1 Test material characteristics

5.2.1.1 Variety : locally grown (as much as possible single variety)

5.2.1.2 Condition : shredded (if necessary)

5.2.1.3 Quantity to be supplied

The amount of test material that will be used in performing the test shall be at least 75 % of
input capacity.

5.3 Sample Preparation

Prepare the test material in such a way that the test sample for each trial shall have identical
characteristics in terms of variety and condition and date of harvest. Care should be taken so
as to prevent alterations of the conditions of the test materials.

5.4 Running-in and preliminary adjustment

Before the start of the test, the multicrop juice extractor should have undergone running-in
period wherein various adjustments of the multicrop juice extractor shall be made according
to the recommendation of the manufacturer. No other adjustments shall be permitted while
the test is on-going.

6 Pre-test Observation

6.1 Verification of the manufacturer’s technical data and information

This inspection is carried out to verify the mechanism, dimensions, materials and accessories
of the multicrop juice extractor in comparison with the list of manufacturer’s technical data
and information.

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6.2 A plain and level surface shall be used as reference plane for verification of multicrop
juice extractor dimensional specifications.

6.3 The items to be inspected and verified shall be recorded in Annex B.

7 Performance test

This is carried out to determine overall machine performance.

7.1 Operation of the multicrop juice extractor

The multicrop juice extractor shall be operated at the recommended settings of the
manufacturer. After each test trial, the extracting mechanism and chamber shall be cleaned
and then prepared for the next test trial.

7.2 Test Trial

A minimum of three (3) test trials, with duration of at least 15 minutes per trial, shall be
adopted.

7.3 Duration of Test

The duration of each test trial shall start with the loading of test materials into the hopper and
ends after the last meal is discharge through the meal outlet.

7.4 Sampling

7.4.1 Sampling procedure for test materials

Before the start of the test trials, randomly take approximately three (3) kilograms sample for
determination of input material condition

7.4.2 Sampling from meal outlet

During each test trial, three (3) sets of 100 g samples shall be randomly collected from the
meal outlet of the multicrop juice extractor to be analyzed in the laboratory.

7.4.3 Handling of Samples

All samples shall be placed in appropriate containers, properly labeled and sealed.

7.5 Data Collection

7.5.1 Noise level

The noise emitted by the machine shall be measured using a noise level meter at the location
of the operator and collector. The noise level shall be measured approximately 50 mm away
from the ear level of the operator and collector.

7.5.2 Speed of Components

The speed of the rotating shafts of the major components of the multicrop juice extractor
shall be taken using tachometer.

64
NOTE Measurements shall be taken with and without load for sub-clauses 7.5.1 and 7.5.2 as specified in

Annex C. Measurements with load shall be randomly taken during the duration of each test trial.

7.5.3 Fuel/Power Consumption

Before the start of each trial, the fuel tank shall be filled to its capacity for internal
combustion engines used as power source. After each test trial the tank shall be refilled using
graduated cylinder. The amount of refueling is the fuel consumption for the test. When filling
up the tank, keep the tank horizontal so as not to leave empty space in the tank.

In case an electric motor is used as the prime mover, a power meter shall be used to measure
electric energy consumption. Measurement shall be randomly taken during the duration of
each test trial.

7.6 Data recording and observations

Record sheet for all data and information during the test is given in Annex C.

8 Laboratory Analysis

Laboratory analysis shall be used to determine morphological properties and moisture content
of the test materials. The laboratory test data sheet to be used is given in Annex D.

8.1 Morphological Properties

Measure and record the dimension, i.e. length, diameter, width and thickness of the leaves
and stalks of the crop used in the test.

8.2 Moisture Content

This shall be taken following the standard procedures for oven-dry method (wet basis).

8.2.1 For each test trial, select three (3) representative samples weighing at least 25 g of test
materials and place them in the moisture can. The moisture cans shall be sealed to ensure that
no moisture is lost or gained by the samples between the times they were weighed. Record
the initial weight.

8.2.2 Dry the samples in the oven with temperature of 103 ºC – 105 ºC for at least 24 hours.

8.2.3 After removing the samples from the oven, it should be placed in desiccators and
allowed to cool to ambient temperature.

8.2.4 Weigh each moisture cans including the dried sample. Record the final weight.
Calculate the moisture content using the equation in Annex E.

9 Formula

The formulas to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex E.

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10 Test Report

The test report shall include the following information in the order given:

10.1 Title

10.2 Summary

10.3 Purpose and Scope of Test

10.4 Methods of Test

10.5 Description of the Machine

Table 1 – Machine Specifications

10.6 Results and Discussions

10.7 Observations (include pictures)

Table 2 –Performance test data

10.8 Name/s, signature/s and designation of test engineers

66
67
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Amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph. 2015. Agricultural Machinery-Rice Mill-Specifications

https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PNS-PAES-206-2015-
Agricultural-Machinery-Rice-Mill-Specifications.pdf

Amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph. 2015. Agricultural Machinery-Rice Mill-Methods of Tests.

https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PNS-PAES-207-2015-
Agricultural-Machinery-Rice-Mill-Methods-of-Test.pdf

Amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph.2008.Agricultural Machinery-Multicrop Juice Extractor-Specification

https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/paes-234-1.pdf

Amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph.2008.Agricultural Machinery-Multicrop Juice Extractor-Methods of

Test. Retrieved from: https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/paes-235-1.pdf

Da-Tokpah, K. (2014, july 14). Retrieved from Crop Processing Equipment:

https://www.academia.edu/7714669/Crop_processing_equipment

Tallada, G. G. (2019, 08 14). Precision Agriculture for Rice Production in the Philippines.
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