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Hydraulics - PDF - Pressure - Fluid Dynamics
Hydraulics - PDF - Pressure - Fluid Dynamics
Fourth Sem
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Que.5Define pressure &. State its SI unit.
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Ans: Pressure at a point due to a liquid is defined as the force acting per
unit area.
SI unit :- N/m2
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Fourth Sem
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Que.8 State any two applications of hydraulics with respect to Irrigation .
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Ans: Applications of hydraulics with respect to Irrigation are as follows-
I. To calculate discharge flowing through canal.
II. For distribution of equal water for city or agriculture purpose using
water meter.
III. To determine velocity of flow at a point in open channel.
IV. The total pressure and Centre of pressure acting on dam face at
the point the resultant cuts the base of the can be determined.
V. Spillway can also designed to pass off water on D/S of a dam
Que.9 State the Newton‘s law of viscosity and give example of its
application.
Ans: Statement:-
Newton’s law states that “shear stress in fluid layers is directly
proportional to velocity gradient”.
Mathematically,
Where,
τ = Shear stress.
μ = dynamic viscosity.
= velocity gradient.
Example of Application:-
1. To design pipe.
OR
Newton’s law of viscosity- it states that, shear stress on a fluid layer is
directly proportional to the rate of shear strain.
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Fourth Sem
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Que.10 State any four practical application of hydrostatics
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Ans: Following are the practical application of hydrostatics:
I) To calculate hydrostatic pressure on dam, wall,& tank
ii) To design dam
iii) To design gate of dam
iv) To design bridge component
v) To design forces on submarine
vi) To calculate the forces on submerged surfaces
vii) To calculate the forces on retaining wall
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Fourth Sem
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Fourth Sem
Total pressure P = 1/ 2 wH
Centre of pressure = H/3 from bottom
Pressure intensity at top of wall = zero
Pressure intensity at bottom of wall = wH
Pressure head on lift limb = pressure head on right limb above z-z
dat
hA + h1 s1 + h2 s2 = 0
hA = - (h1 s1 + h2 s2)
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Fourth Sem
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Que.6How will you measure negative pressure?
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Ans: Mercury in the U-tube is deflected by h2 due pressure at point A,as
deflection occurs in the left limb indicates that, pressure at A is
negative (vacuum), pressure above the horizontal datum x-x in the
left and right limb of the manometer should be same
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Fourth Sem
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Que.8 Explain the concept and use of pressure diagram with neat
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sketches
Use:-
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Fourth Sem
HOD
Civil Department,
Email ID: vikas.kumbhar@sgplytechnic.in