A

Mini Project Report

On

“Door bell Circuit using NE555 Timer”

Mini project report submitted in partial fulfillment of required for award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Electronic and Communication Engineering

Submitted by

Harshita Pandey (1412031019)

ECE Final year

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Deepti Ojha &

Project Guide

Electronics Circuit Design Lab

I.T.M. Gida Gorakhpur

Session 2017-18

Department of Electronic & Communication Engineering

Institute of Technology and Management ,Gida Gorakhpur

CONTENT
1. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 01

2. CHAPTER2
COMPONENTS 02

3. CHAPTER3
3.1CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 03
3.2WORKING 04

4. CHAPTER4
4.1TIMER555 05
4.2PIN DIAGRAM 06
4.3PIN DISCRIPTION 06

5. CHAPTER5
5.1APPLICATIONS 07
5.2 LIMITATION 07

6. CHAPTER6
6.1CONCLUSION 08
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deep science gratitude to my guides “Mrs Deepti Ojha” project
Guides of Electronics Circuit Design Lab,Electronic & Communication Department, I.T.M Gida
Gorakhpur for his unflagging and persistent help this would not have possible .I must
acknowledge Mr. Ranjeet Yadav for his valuable help complete this project.It’s my great
pleasure to acknowledge our friends “Iram Fatima, Jameel Ansari, Kajal Srivastava” for help
and provide required materials.
 PREFACE

This project provides complete information on the topic “Door Bell circuit using 555 timer” and
maximum efforts have been taken to make the project more comprehensive and lucid to
understand. This project covers a variety of sub topics like basic information , its working, day to
day uses in life and different aspects of basic door bell circuit .
I assure you to through this project thoroughly to know a bit more and facts about Door Bell
circuit.

CHAPTER : 1
INTRODUCTION

Doorbell transformers are the components responsible for the electric current that powers the
doorbell. They act like an electrical pump, pushing electrons out of one terminal and pulling
them.Having a working doorbell is important: You don't want to make your guests wait on your
doorstep or miss important package deliveries. The doorbell is one of the first things someone
sees when they come to visit you at your home. If your doorbell is cracked and broken, you don't
need to continually put off replacing it.
A residential doorbell is a simple, low-voltage system made up of a push button at an exterior
entrance, a bell or chime, and a transformer. When you push a doorbell, it creates a sound that
alerts the people inside a house that you are outside. The ubiquitous doorbell is the message
center from the outside world to the home. Through it, your friends, the delivery man or
neighborhood prankster announce their presence
Doorbells are a useful addition to any home's entryway, offering a distinctive tone and an
alternative to harsh knocking sounds. Friedland manufactures a number of different
doorbells.Doorbells are a common convenience in homes, giving visitors a way of announcing
their presence and preventing residents from missing deliveries or guests. Doorbells are simple
pieces of home equipment that let you know a visitor has arrived. They're useful if you are too
far from the front door to hear someone knocking. A doorbell is a signaling device typically
placed near a door. Most doorbells emit a ringing sound to alert the occupant of the building to a
visitor's presence, when the visitor presses a button.
Doorbell is a very common and useful device used in every household. Among electronics
students and hobbyists, doorbell circuit project is quite popular. I am going to build a doorbell
with 555 timer IC. The main feature of this doorbell is that we can control the time duration for
which it keeps ringing upon pressing the switch. Also we can control the oscillation frequency of
“doorbell sound” sound produced by the Doorbell (Here we are using Buzzer as bell to
illustrate).

CHAPTER: 2
COMPONENTS

1. 555 Timer IC – 1
2. Capacitors (100uF)
3. Resistors (1k, 1k, 68k)
4. Buzzer or Speaker
5. Push button Switch
 6. Battery- 5- 9v
7. LED (Optional)

CHAPTER: 3
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.1Circuit diagram
3.2Working of door bell circuit
Here we are using one 555 timer IC, one to control the oscillation frequency of sound produced
by bell. IC will work in Astable mode.
555 Timer IC will oscillate. Fourth Pin of the 555 Timer IC is the Reset pin, IC would only work
if this pin is HIGH means connected to the positive voltage, if this pin is connected to the
Ground, the IC will not work and changing/discharging of the capacitor will stops. Here, we also
connect a LED in parallel of buzzer.

CHAPTER: 4
555 TIMER

4.1555 TIMER
 555 Time IC is configured in Astable mode which will oscillate till t seconds.
Here we can also control the frequency by adjusting the value of R2 and/or
capacitor C2.
Frequency =1/T= 1.44/((R1+R2*2)*C1)
TL (low time)= 0.693*R2*C1
TH (High Time )= 0.693*(R1+R2)*C1
D= Duty Cycle= (R1+R2)/(R1+2*R2) %
We have used 68k R, a resistor (1k or 1k) can also be used to instantaneous
change the TL and TH.
4.2PIN DIAGRAM OF 555 TIMER

4
4.3Pin diagram and description
Pi
Name Purpose
n

1 GND Ground reference voltage, low level (0 V)

2 TRIG
The OUT pin goes high and a timing interval starts when this input falls below 1/2 of
CTRL voltage (which is typically 1/3 Vcc, CTRL being 2/3 Vcc by default if CTRL is
 left open). In other words, OUT is high as long as the trigger low. Output of the timer
totally depends upon the amplitude of the external trigger voltage applied to this pin.

3 OUT This output is driven to approximately 1.7 V below +Vcc, or to GND.

A timing interval may be reset by driving this input to GND, but the timing does not

4 RESET begin again until RESET rises above approximately 0.7 volts. Overrides TRIG which
overrides threshold.

5 CTRL Provides “control” access to the internal voltage divider (by default, 2/3 Vcc).

The timing (OUT high) interval ends when the voltage at threshold is greater than that
6 THR
at CTRL (2/3 Vcc if CTRL is open).

Open collector output which may discharge a capacitor between intervals. In phase

7 DIS
with output.

Positive supply voltage, which is usually between 3 and 15 V depending on the

8 VCC
variation.

Some important features of the 555 timer:

555 is used in almost every electronic circuit today. For a 555 timer working as a flip flop or as a
multi-vibrator, it has a particular set of configurations. Some of the major features of the 555
would be,

 It operates from a wide range of power ranging from +5 Volts to +18 Volts supply
voltage.
  Sinking or sourcing 200 mA of load current.
 The external components should be selected properly so that the timing intervals can
be made into several minutes along with the frequencies exceeding several hundred
kilo hertz.
 The output of a 555 timer can drive a transistor-transistor logic (TTL) due to its high
current output.
 It has a temperature stability of 50 parts per million (ppm) per degree Celsius change
in temperature which is equivalent to 0.005 %/ °C.
 The duty cycle of the timer is adjustable.
 Also, the maximum power dissipation per package is 600 mW and its trigger and reset
inputs has logic compatibility.

CHAPTER:5
APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATION
5.1Application

 The circuit can be used as a door bell by connecting the supply to the switch.
 With some modification it can be used to produce different sounds.
5.2Limitation

 As the applied voltage is 9v ,it cannot produce more sound.

CHAPTER : 6
CONCLUSION

6.1CONCLUSION
This project has based on designing and implementation of doorbell with sound controlled by
switch. Doorbells are a common convenience in homes; giving visitors a way of announcing
their presence Doorbells are a common convenience in homes, giving visitors a way of
announcing their presence and preventing residents from missing deliveries or guests. Doorbells
are simple pieces of home equipment that let you know a visitor has arrived. They're useful if
you are too far from the front door to hear someone knocking and preventing residents from
missing deliveries or guests. Doorbells are simple pieces of home equipment that let you know a
visitor has arrived. They're useful if you are too far from the front door to hear someone
knocking.