UNIT 8 – 9.

PARTS OF A SHIP AND HER MEASUREMENT

(PART I AND PART II). PASSIVE VOICE
I. Vocabulary:
1. deadweight tonnage – повна (валова) вантажопідйомність
2. gross tonnage – валова (повна, брутто) реєстрова місткість
3. net tonnage – чиста (нетто) реєстрова місткість
4. capacity [kq'pxsItI] – вместимість, об’єм
5. cargo carrying capacity – чиста вантажопідйомність
6. to deduct [dI'dAkt] – віднімати
7. dues [dju:z] – податки, мита
8. capable ['keIpqbl] – здібний
9. potable water –питна вода
10. to displace [dIs'pleIs] – витісняти
11. displacement [dIs'pleIsmqnt] – водотоннажність
12. ullage ['AlIG] – незаповнена частина об’єму
13. to expand [Ik'spxnd] – розширюватися, збільшуватися
14. bale space – кіпова вантажопідйомність
15. grain space – вантажопідйомність для зернових / насипних вантажів
16. enclosed spaces – закриті приміщення
17. facility [fq'sIlItI] – спорудження, пристрій, обладнання
18. amount [q'maVnt] – кількість
19. moulds [mqVldz] – теоретичний розмір корпусу судна
20. moulded breadth – розрахункова ширина судна
21. moulded depth – розрахункова глибина судна
22. stability [stq'bIlItI] – остійність
23. beam [bi:m] – ширина судна, траверз
24. to allocate ['xlqkeIt] – назначати, розміщувати
25. salinity [sq'lInItI] – солоність
26. to proceed [prq'si:d] – слідувати, йти
II. Do you remember the following words. Translate them:

tonnage – _____________________ dry bulk cargo – ________________

volume – ______________________ general cargo – _________________
weight – ______________________ empty – _______________________
merchant – ____________________ to prevent – ____________________
to distinguish – _________________ overflowing – __________________
entire – _______________________ heat – _________________________
store – ________________________ inside – _______________________
accommodation – _______________ to determine – __________________
authority – _____________________ height – _______________________
content – ______________________ restricted – ____________________
to indicate – ___________________ narrow – ______________________
III. Read and translate the following text:
Tonnage
The tonnage of a vessel indicates the measurement of her weight, size or
capacity. A very common way of measuring a vessel is by means of a
displacement. Merchant vessels are also measured by their gross tonnage or
deadweight tonnage.
We distinguish several kinds of tonnages.
Gross Register Tonnage – the entire volume of the enclosed spaces of
the vessel that can be used for cargo, stores and accommodation.
Net Tonnage – volume that can be used to carry cargo. It is calculated
by deducting the spaces that are not used for cargo from the gross tonnage.
Net tonnage is often used to calculate harbour dues that must be paid to
municipal port authorities for the use of all the port facilities.
Deadweight Tonnage – the weight of all the contents a vessel is capable
of carrying when loaded to summer mark. The contents of a merchant vessel
are cargo, stores, equipment, fresh water, potable water, lubricating oil and
fuel.
By Cargo Carrying Capacity is understood the amount of cargo that a
vessel is capable of carrying.
Displacement
By displacement is understood the amount of water that is “displaced”
by the body of the vessel as she is floating in the water. Displacement is
indicated by the word “ton” (or “tonne”).
So, by displacement is understood the total weight of the vessel and her
contents, or the weight of the displaced water mass.
Loaded displacement is the weight of the vessel + stores, cargo, the
weight of the crew members as well as passengers if any.
Cargo spaces
By Bale Space is meant the volume of the cargo holds that can be used
to carry general cargo.
By Grain Space is understood the volume of the cargo holds that can be
used to carry dry bulk cargo.
By Oil Space is understood 98 % of the total volume of the wet bulk
tanks. The remaining 2 % are used as ullage. This is the empty space on top
of the liquid level that will prevent a tank from overflowing when the oil
expands due to heat.
DIMENSIONS
 By moulded breadth is understood the horizontal distance between the
insides of the moulds. In other words, it is the inside breadth (or width) of
the vessel. It is used to determine the vessel’s cargo carrying capacity in
relation to her stability.
By moulded depth is understood the vertical distance between the
insides of the moulds (including the double bottom). It indicates the inside
height of the vessel. It is used to determine the vessel’s cargo carrying
capacity in relation to her stability.
By beam is understood the extreme breadth of the vessel. In restricted
narrow fairways (e.g. the Panama Canal) the vessel’s beam is an important
factor to obtain a clearance to proceed.
By length over all is understood the distance between the extreme fore-
end and the extreme aft-end of the vessel. Before a berth is allocated, the port
authorities will have to know the total length of the ship.
The Construction Waterline is the line to which the ship may be loaded
in summer.

By draft is understood the distance from the bottom of the keel to the
surface of the water. A distinction must be made between loaded draft and
light draft, as well as salt-water draft and fresh-water draft. Due to the
salinity of seawater, the draft in seawater is less than draft in fresh-water,
because seawater has a higher specific gravity.
By air draft is understood the distance from the waterline to the highest
point of the vessel. When proceeding through a channel that is spanned by a
bridge, the air draft should of course be less than the vertical clearance of the
bridge. When a vessel’s air draft is greater than the vertical clearance will
allow, we speak of a top-hampered vessel.
By freeboard is understood the distance between deck line and
waterline.
By underkeel clearance (UKC) is understood the distance between keel
and seabed.
IV. Correct the mistakes and give right definitions:
1. By displacement is understood the total height of the vessel and her masts,
or the weight of the displaced potable water mass.
2. The tonnage of a vessel indicates the measurement of her height, length or
manning.
3. Oil space is the empty space on top of the liquid level that will prevent a
tank from overheating.
4. Net tonnage is calculated by adding the spaces that are used for cargo to
the gross tonnage.
5. In shallow water the vessel’s beam is an important factor to obtain a
clearance to proceed.
6. Before a berth is allocated, the port authorities will have to know the total
width of the ship.
7. Due to the salinity of seawater, the draft in seawater is greater than draft
in fresh-water.
8. When a vessel’s draft is greater than the vertical clearance will allow, we
speak of a top-hampered vessel.
V. Match the expressions with the explanations and learn them by heart:

Expressions Explanations
1. Gross register tonnage a) is the distance between the vessel’s keel
and the bottom of the sea.
2. Deadweight tonnage b) is the entire volume of all the enclosed
spaces.
3. Ullage
c) is the highest point of the ship measured
from the waterline.
4. Grain space
d) is equal to the weight of the displaced

5. Oil space mass of water.

e) is the distance from the bottom of the ship
6. Cargo carrying capacity to the waterline.
f) is the distance between the deck line and
7. Displacement the surface of the water.
g) is the total weight of the cargo that can be
8. Net tonnage
carried.
h) is the empty space on top of a liquid.
9. Bale space
i) indicates the height of the cargo holds,

10. Moulded depth including double bottom.

j) is 98 % of the volume of the tanks.
11. Moulded breadth k) is the volume of the spaces used to carry
general cargo.
12. Beam l) indicates the greatest distance between the
starboard and port sides.
13. Freeboard m) is used to calculate how much
harbour dues must be paid.
14. Draft n) is the length between the stem and the
stern.
15. Length over all
o) is the volume of the spaces used to carry
dry bulk cargo.
16. Underkeel clearance
p) indicates the inside breadth of the cargo

17. Air draft holds.

q) is the weight of cargo, stores, oils and
waters.
VI. Study the picture:

VII. Match the words from column A with the words from column B:

1. мідель a) port quarter

2. ширина b) abeam
3. найбільша довжина c) starboard bow
4. кормовий прижимний кінець d) mooring gear
5. раковина лівого борту e) foremast
6. скула правого борту f) transverse bulkhead
7. траверз g) length overall
8. поперечна перебірка h) midships
9. фок-щогла i) aft breast line
10. швартовий устрій j) breadth
VIII. Study the picture of the ship’s structure:

IX. Watch the CD-ROM program “The International Maritime

Language Programme” (Lecture “Ship’s measurement”).
 X. Answer the following questions:
1. What indicates ship’s size or weight?
2. What types of tonnage do you know?
3. What are the contents of a merchant ship?
4. What types of cargo spaces do you know?
5. How can you indicate oil space?
6. How do they call the inside width of a ship?
7. When is it especially important to take into consideration the beam of a
ship?
8. What do the port authorities have to know the ship’s L. O. A. for?
9. What is the construction waterline?
10.How do you think, where can be the highest point of the vessel? Why is it
so important to know this?
11.When is it necessary to state your freeboard?
XI. Study the grammar information about the Passive Voice:
При вивченні пасивного стану слід пам’ятати, що в англійській
мові він вживається набагато частіше.
Коли підмет є особою (або предметом), що піддаються дії з боку
іншої особи або предмета, дієслово вживається в формі пасивного
стану:
The radio was invented by Popov in 1895.
Радіо було винайдено Поповим у 1895 р.
Пасивний стан в реченні вживається тоді, коли промовець або не
знає, хто здійснює дію, або не надає цьому значення. Однак, якщо
виникає необхідність назвати предмет або особу, яка вчиняє дію, тобто
з боку якого об’єкт, позначений підметом, піддається впливу, то
вживається оборот з прийменником by:
This play was written by B. Shaw.
Ця п’єса була написана Б. Шоу.
Пасивний стан утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to
be та Participle II (дієслово з 3 колонки по таблиці неправильних
дієслів або додавання закінчення –ed до правильного дієслова).
Present Simple – am, is, are + Participle II Letters are written every day.
Past Simple – was, were + Participle II The letter was written yesterday.
Future Simple – will be + Participle II The letter will be written tomorrow.
При утворенні питальної форми допоміжне дієслово ставиться
перед підметом (виноситься на перше місце).
Are letters written every day?
При утворенні негативного (заперечної) форми частка not ставиться
після допоміжного дієслова.
Letters are not written every day.
XII. Complete these sentences with the verbs in the correct form:
1. These tools __________ (to use) frequently in the Engine room
department these days.
2. Dry bulk cargo __________ (to carry) by us last voyage.
3. A new vessel __________ (to launch) next month.
4. Cargo ___________ (to pack) in crates, boxes and bags.
5. Liquefied natural gas __________ (to carry) by LNG.
6. The cargo __________ (to roll) on by lorries.
7. Containerized cargo __________ (to carry) by container ships.