The Effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf Extracts and Banaba

(Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus

musculus)

Submitted as an Official Entry to the School-Based Science Congress

Proponents:

Bea Manalo,

Cezar Jhon Urbano,

Reyzel Ann Togle

Research Advisers:

Dora Carmen Castro

Gereld Joie S. Salmorin

La Castellana National High School

La Castellana, Negros Occidental

i
 Table of Contents

Page Number

Title Page i

Abstract ii

Acknowledgement iii

INTRODUCTION 1

Statement of the Problem 2

Hypotheses 2

Significance of the Study 3

METHODOLOGY 4-5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5-8

CONCLUSION AND 8-9

RECOMMENDATIONS

Bibliography 9

Appendices 10
 Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
leaf Extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic
White Mice (Mus musculus).

Water Spinach(Ipomoea aquatica) leaves and Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa)

leaves were collected and weigh accordingly. Fifty grams of Water spinach leaves and
Banaba leaves were pounded using mortar and pestle to produce extracts. Five treatments
were prepared and labeled as Treatment A1 comprise of .25 ml Water spinach(Ipomoea
aquatica) leaf extracts and Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaf extracts. Treatment A2
comprise of .50 ml of Water spinach(Ipomoea aquatica) leaf extracts and
Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaf extracts. Treatment A3 comprise of .75 ml Water
spinach(Ipomoea aquatica) leaf extracts and Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaf
extracts. Treatment B comprise of commercial medicine. Treatment C comprise of
distilled water was also prepared. Initial blood glucose level of thirteen white mice were
obtained and data were recorded. Treatment A1 was administered on the first three white
mice for a week while the blood glucose level were obtained. Data were recorded.

Based on the findings Treatment A3 was able to achieve the highest reduction of
144.9mg/d on the blood glucose level of the white mice being tested. Therefor, the
researchers conclude that treatment A3 is more effective. The researchers recommend
that further studies on the use of Water Spinach(Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf extracts and
Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf extracts in lowering the blood glucose level of
hyperglycemic white mice. Cultivation of these plant species is also recommended.

ii
 Acknowledgement

This study claimed its success because of the help of the following persons:

To Madam Tressa G. Elbanbuena for the approval of this study.

To Mrs. Dora Carmen Castro for her indispensable assistance in making and finalizing
the study.

To Mr. Gereld Joie S. Salmorin for assisting us during the experimentation of the study.

Sincere appreciation is also extended to Doctor Jose S. Abuan for helping us in proper
handling and protocol for the White Mice.

To our dear parents for their undying love and support.

Furthermore, we want to give glory and honor to God Almighty for leading us on this
science Investigatory Project.

To God to be Glory!

Iii
 Introduction

Diabetes is a serious metabolic condition of having higher than normal Blood

Glucose levels. There are different reasons why people get high blood glucose levels and
so a number of different of types of diabetes exist . One of the factors causing this issue
is unhealthy lifestyle. Thus, people tend to be more susceptible to various diseases like
kidney failure, blindness, lower-extremity amputations and coronary diseases according
to Dr. Rita Kalyani. According to World Health Organization in 2017 an estimated of
8.8% of adult population have diabetes. This high growth lead to growing number of
commercial medicines. However the use of commercial medicines posed additional
burden especially to poor families and such reason aggravate their condition. In result
annual death rate continue to escalate.

The awareness about the medicinal value among the Philippines flora emerged due
to high cost of commercial medicines. Studies showed that the Philippines posses huge
number of plant species that bears the needed substances to prevent certain diseases.
Two of of these plants with medicinal values thrive in Philippines are Water Spinach
(Ipomoea aquatica) and Banaba Plant (Lagerstroemia speciosa). Water Spinach Plant
(Ipomoea aquatica) belongs to family Convolvulaceae. It is abundant in fresh water
places. According to Megan Ware a Registered Dietitian Nutritionists and Licensed
Dietitian,it contains dietary magnesium and alpha-lipoic acid,which has been shown to
lower glucose levels, increase insulin sensitivity, and prevent oxidative,stress-induced
changes in patients with diabetes. Banaba Plant (Lagerstroemia speciose) belongs to
family Lythraceae. It contains Corosolic Acid which improve the sensitivity of the
insulin receptor on all cells of the body.

This study focuses on determining the Effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic
White Mice (Mus musculus) under varying amounts.

Findings of the Study can serve as another breakthrough for addressing concerns
on the emergence of related diseases which when left untreated can be fatal.

1
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
leaf Extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic
White Mice (Mus musculus). Specifically, it will seek to answer the following:

1. What is the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf Extracts and
Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic White
Mice (Mus musculus)?
2. Is there a significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) under varying amounts?
3. Is there a significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) and the commercial?
4. Is there a significant relationship in the use of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus)?

Hypotheses

The following hypotheses were formulated to serve as guide in the interpretation of the
data

1. There is no significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea

aquatica) Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on
the Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) under varying amounts.
2. There is no significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea
aquatica) Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on
the Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) and the commercial.
3. There is no significant relationship in the use of Water Spinach (Ipomoea
aquatica) Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on
the Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus).

Significance of the Study

Results of the study benefit the community and escalate the industry of herbal
medicine with the continuous study of the native plants. Furthermore, it also benefit the
following:

2
 Medical Society, where the results of the study serve as the baseline for other
similar studies to be conducted on Water Spinach and Banaba Plants.

Community,where the findings of the study give them the idea of the value of
the backyard plants in terms of medical aspects.

Students, where the results of the study promotes their awareness about
medicinal value of plants especially the Banaba and Water Spinach Plant.

Future Researcher, where findings of the study serves as their reference in

conducting studies on Water Spinach and Banaba in other aspects.

Schematic Diagram

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Treatment A (Water
Spinach and Banaba
Plant)

0.25ml

0.50ml

0.75ml
Pre and Post

Blood sugar level of Hyperglycemic

Treatment B
White MIce
(Commercial)

Treatment C (Distilled
water)

3
Methodology

Research Design

This study involve a pre and post and a post-test experimental design
where the blood glucose level of the white mice were determined. Difference in the
results of both tests serve as the basis of its effectiveness of the treatments on the
hyperglycemic white mice.

Materials and apparatuses

Thirteen white mice were procured at one of the pet house in Libertad
Bacolod City. Cages of identical sizes were provided by the researchers. The study were
conducted at the house of one of the researcher’s. In some instances, laboratory works
were performed at the School Science laboratory with the assistance of School Nurse.

Apparatuses such as beakers, graduated cylinders, funnel, filter paper and

mortar and pestle were borrowed by the researchers at the Science Laboratory. Surgical
gloves and glucometer were provided personally by the researchers.

Preparations of Materials

Water spinach and banaba were collected from Barangay Nato of the
community. These were weighed to 50 grams each. These were washed and air dry.
Thirteen healthy white mice were caged with equal sizes. And fed with nine grams of
pellets and nine ml of distilled water for 30 days.

Preparation of Treatments

The 50 grams Water Spinach and 50 grams of Banaba leaf were pounded
using mortar and pestle. The extracts were filtered and placed in a beaker. The extracts
were measured namely .25, .50 and .75 ml using the syringe. These were labeled as
Treatment A1,A2, and A3.

Commercial were prepared at .75 ml and labeled as Treatment B.

The control or treatment C were comprised of .75 ml Distilled Water.

Preparations of the white mice

Thirteen White Mice were purchased from one of the pet house in Libertad
Bacolod City. These were placed in cage with equal sizes. They were fed with 9 grams
of pellets and 9 ml of distilled water daily for 30 days.

4
 Data Gathering Procedure

The blood glucose levels of the thirteen white mice were taken using the
glucometer and data were recorded in the data notebook.

The White Mice were allowed to eat 9 grams of pellets and 9 ml distilled
water daily for 30 days. The blood glucose levels of the white mice were taken and
recorded. Thirteen white mice were fed with 15cc coke twice a day for 15 days, as the
glucose shoots up, the thirteen white mice were given an oral administration with
0.25nl,0.50ml,0.75ml extracts of water spinach and banaba leaf extracts and the
commercial.

Proper Disposal

All the used materials were segregated ang kept inside the plastic bags and
disposed at the trash receptacle. The White mice were fed and returned to the pet house
of Libertad Bacolod City for further caring.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1: Effect of Treatment A3, .75ml of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf
Extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the HyperglycemicWhite
Mice (Mus musculus).

Initial (Blood Sugar Post (Blood

Level of White Sugar Level of Difference
Treatment Average Average
Mice) White Mice)

Replications Replications

1 2 3 1 2 3

Treatment
A3
294 270 272 278.6 106 153 142 133.7 144.9

Interpretation: Table 1 showed the effect of Treatment A3, 0.75 ml. Initially the blood
glucose level of the white mice was 278..6mg/d and after the application of treatment A3
the blood glucose level of the white mice attained 133.7mg/d. This showed the difference
of 144.9mg/d.

5
Table 2: Effect of Treatment A1,A2,A3, of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf
Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic
White Mice (Mus musculus) under varying amounts.

Initial (Blood Averag Post (Blood Averag Difference

Sugar Level of e Sugar Level of e
Treatments
White Mice) White Mice)

Replications Replications

1 2 3 1 2 3

Treatment A1 300 271 254 275 128 18 118 143.3 131.7

4

Treatment A2 275 252 301 276 117 18 110 138.3

137.7
8

Treatment A3 294 270 272 278.6 106 15 142 133.7

144.9
3

Interpretation: Table 2 showed the Effect of Treatment A1,A2,A3 on the Blood

Glucose level of white mice. It reveals that Treatment A3 has the highest reduction when
it comes to lowering the Blood Glucose level of white mice.

6
Table 3: The Effect of Treatment .75ml of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf
Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the HyperglycemWhite
Mice (Mus musculus) and the commercia and the control.

Initial (Blood Avera Post (Blood Sugar Average Difference

Sugar Level of ge Level of White
White Mice) Mice)
Treatment

Replications Replications

1 2 3 1 2 3

A3 294 270 272 278.6 106 153 142 133.7 144.9

B 301 252 271 274.7 157 154 162.7 162.7 112

C 302 302 302 302 302 302 302 302 302

Interpretation:Table 3 showed the effect of Treatment A3,B(Commercial),C(Control)

on the blood Glucose level of white mice. It reveals that Treatment A3 has the highest
reduction among Treatment B and C when it comes to lowering the blood glucose level
of white mice.

7
DISCUSSION:

The above data showed that the use of Water Spinach(Ipomoea aquatica) leaf
extracts and Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaf extracts has an effect on the Blood
glucose level of the white mice. The reduction that was observed on the Blood glucose of
the white mice indicates the presence of phytochemicals that has the ability to regulates
the blood glucose level and exhibit properties in addressing various factor involved in
glucose regulation and metabolism of plant species like water spinach(Ipomoea aquatica)
and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa). In the case of the Water Spinach(Ipomoea
aquatica) a herbaseous aquatic perennial plant from the convolvucea family, according to
Megan Ware a Registered Dietitian Nutritionists and Licensed Dietitian,it contains
dietary magnesium and alpha-lipoic acid,which has been shown to lower glucose levels,
increase insulin sensitivity, and prevent oxidative,stress-induced changes in patients with
diabetes. The Banaba Plant (Lagerstroemia speciosa) is a herbal remedy from Lythraceae
family. It contains corosolic acid which improve the sensitivity of the insulin receptor on
all cells of the body. In these aspects,intake of these aforementioned treatments revealed
their capacities potentials in terms of lowering the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic
White Mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Therefore, based from the results, the researchers conclude that:

1. There is an significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea

aquatica) Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) under varying amounts.

2.There is an significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) and the commercial.

3.There is an significant relationship in the use of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus).

8
RECOMMENDATIONS

The researchers highly recommend the following;

1.Encourage the cultivation of Water Spinach (ipomoea aquatica) leaf Extracts and
Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaf Extracts in the community.

2.Conduct further studies on Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica) leaf Extracts in

terms of its effect on Hyperglycemic White Mice.

3.Conduct related and similar studies on The effect of Water Spinach ( Ipomoea
aquatica) Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa).

4.Encourage student-researcher to pursue researchers to address community’s

dilemma on health issues.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CABI.2000.Global Forestry Compendium.CD-ROM.CABI

Danaatmadja O. 1990.Reforestation of Kaledong and Haruman Mountains.Duta

Rimba.16:121-122,44-49.

Garcia LL,Fojas FR,Castro IR,Venzon EL,Sison FM and Capal

TV.1987.Pharmaceutico-chemical and pharmacological studies on a crude drug from
Lagerstroemia speciosa(L.) Pers.Philippine Journal of Science.116(4):361-375.

Hong TD,Linington S,Ellis RH. 1996.Seed storage behavior:a compendium.Handbooks

for Genebanks:no.4.IPGRI.

Jehan CM,Daulatabad D and Mirajkar AM.1990.A keto fatty acid from Lagerstroemia
speciosa seed oil.Phytochemistry. 29(7):2323-2324.

MNT Editorial team (2017).Diabetes:Causes,Symptoms and Treatments.Retrieved last

May10,2018 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes

9
 The Effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf Extracts and Banaba
(Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus
musculus)

(Bea Manalo, Cezar Jhon Urbano, Reyzel Ann Togle)

Question Being Addressed:

Diabetes is a metabolic disease which is common to people who either have

inadequate insulin in the body or the body do not respond to the insulin, thus causing
their blood sugar level to increase. It was mentioned in the William Textbook of
Endocrinology ( 2013 ) that over 382 Million people in any ages had diabetes.

Excess sugar in blood can results to health problems such as cardiovascular

diseases, kidney, eye, and foot damage, skin conditions , hearing impairment and others
according to Mayo Clinic Organization (n.d.). Under these situations, people turned to
commercial medications which often are very expensive.

The use of Water Spinach or Ipomoea aquatica leaf extracts and Banaba
(Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf extracts to reduce the blood sugar level of the
Hyperglycemic White mice ( Mus musculus) will be introduced by the researchers.
Findings of the study would serve as another milestone in medical society and herbal
medicine as it increases the people’s awareness of the significance of using the country’s
native plants in treating diseases like diabetes.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
leaf Extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciose) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic
White Mice (Mus musculus). Specifically, it will seek to answer the following:

1. What is the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf Extracts and
Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the Hyperglycemic White
Mice (Mus musculus)?
2. Is there a significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) under varying amounts?
3. Is there a significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) and the commercial?
 4. Is there a significant relationship in the use of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus)?

Hypotheses

1. There is no significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) under varying amounts.
2.There is no significant difference in the effect of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus) and the commercial.

3.There is no significant relationship in the use of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Leaf Extracts and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts on the
Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus musculus.

Significance of the Study

Results of the study will benefit the community and escalate the industry of
herbal medicine with the continuous study of the native plants. Furthermore, it will also
benefit the following:

Medical Society, where the results of the study will serve as the baseline for other
similar studies to be conducted on Water Spinach and Banaba Plants.

Community,where the findings of the study can give them the idea of the value of
the backyard plants in terms of medical aspects.

Students, where the results of the study will promote their awareness about
medicinal value of plants especially the Banaba and Water Spinach Plant.

Future Researcher, where findings of the study will serve as their reference in
conducting studies on water Spinach and Banaba in other aspects.
Schematic Diagram

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Treatment A (Water
Spinach and Banaba Plant

0.25ml

0.50ml
Pre and post
0.75ml

Blood sugar level of Hyperglycemic

Treatment B
White MIce
(Commercial)

Treatment C (Distilled
Water)

Methodology

Research Design

This study will involve a pre and post and a post-test experimental design
where the blood glucose level of the white mice will be determined. Difference in the
results of both tests will serve as the basis of its effectiveness of the treatments on the
hyperglycemic white mice.

Materials and apparatuses

Thirteen white mice will be procured at one of the pet house in Libertad
Bacolod City. Cages of identical sizes will be provided by the researchers. The study will
be conducted at the house of one of the researcher’s. in some instances, with the
assistance of the school nurse, laboratory works will be performed at the School Science
laboratory.
 Apparatuses such as beakers, graduated cylinders, funnel,filter paper and
mortar and pestle will be borrowed by the researchers at the Science Laboratory.
Surgical gloves and glucometer will be provided personally by the researchers.

Preparations of Materials

Water spinach and Banaba will be collected from Barangay Nato of the
community. These will be weighed to 50 grams each. It will be washed and air dry.
Thirteen healthy white mice will be caged with equal sizes. And will feed nine grams of
pellets and nine ml of distilled water for 30 days.

Preparation of Treatments

The 50 grams Water spinach and 50 grams of Banaba leaf will be pound
using mortar and pestle to produce extracts. These will be filtered and the extracts will be
measured namely .25, .50 and .75 ml using the syringe. These will be treatment A1, A2,
and A3.

Commercial will be prepared at .75 ml and will be labelled as Treatment B.

The control or treatment C will comprised of .75 ml Distilled Water.

Preparations of the white mice

Thirteen white mice will be purchased from one of the pet house in Libertad
Bacolod city. These will be placed in cage with equal sizes. They will be fed with 9
grams of pellets and 9 ml of distilled water for 30 days.

Data Gathering Procedure

The blood glucose levels of the thirteen white mice will be taken using the
glucometer and data will be recorded in the data notebook.

The White Mice are allowed to eat 9 grams of pellets and 9 ml distilled
water daily for 30 days. The blood glucose levels of the white mice will be taken and
recorded. Thirteen white mice will be fed with 15cc coke twice a day for 15 days, as the
glucose shoots up, the thirteen white mice will be given an oral administration with
0.25nl,0.50ml,0.75ml extracts of Water spinach and Banaba leaf extracts and the
commercial.

Proper Disposal

All the used materials will be segregated and kept inside the plastic bags to
be disposed at the trash receptacle. The white mice will be fed and returned to the pet
house of Libertad Bacolod City for further caring.
 Statistical Analysis

The descriptive questions which states the effect of Water Spinach and
Banaba Leaf Extracts will utilize on the mean results. The significant difference on the
effects of the variables will make use of T-TEST statistical tool. The significant
relationship will use the ANOVA

Parents Name and Signature

_______________

ANA MARIA MANALO

________________

JANICE TOGLE

________________

RENILDA URBANO

References:

CABI.2000.Global Forestry Compendium.CD-ROM.CABI

Danaatmadja O. 1990.Reforestation of Kaledong and Haruman Mountains.Duta

Rimba.16:121-122,44-49.

Garcia LL,Fojas FR,Castro IR,Venzon EL,Sison FM and Capal

TV.1987.Pharmaceutico-chemical and pharmacological studies on a crude drug from
Lagerstroemia speciosa(L.) Pers.Philippine Journal of Science.116(4):361-375.

Hong TD,Linington S,Ellis RH. 1996.Seed storage behavior:a compendium.Handbooks

for Genebanks:no.4.IPGRI.

Jehan CM,Daulatabad D and Mirajkar AM.1990.A keto fatty acid from Lagerstroemia
speciosa seed oil.Phytochemistry. 29(7):2323-2324.

MNT Editorial team (2017).Diabetes:Causes,Symptoms and Treatments.Retrieved last

May10,2018 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes
Review of Related Literature
Water Spinach-Water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) is of East Indian origin and a member of
the Convolvulaceae (morning glory) family. It has long, jointed and hollow stems, which allow the
vines to float on water or creep across muddy ground. Adventitious roots are formed at nodes which
are in contact with water or moist soil. They exude a milky juice, and are white or green, depending
on variety. Water spinach is an herbaceous aquatic or semi-aquatic perennial plant of the tropics or
subtropics. Leaves are flat, and vary in shape depending on variety, from heart-shaped to long, narrow
and arrow-shaped. Narrow leaves are 1-2.5 cm wide and 20-30 cm long. Broad leaves are up to 5 cm
wide and 15-25 cm long.

CONTENTS:

Magnesium: According to National Institutes of Health (NIH),Water spinach contains 40% and
magnesium is practically a wonder drug. Yet few people know about it, and few doctors recommend
it. It helps maintain muscles and nerves, regulates blood sugar levels, promotes normal blood pressure,
and prevents heart attacks.The NIH says, “Magnesium is needed for more than 300 biochemical
reactions in the body… [It] is involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis.” And according
to our own Amy Campbell, “Results from three very large studies indicate that people who consume a
diet rich in magnesium have a lower risk of getting Type 2 diabetes.”People with diabetes are more
likely than those without to be low in magnesium. According to an article on About.com, “Elevated
blood glucose levels increase the loss of magnesium in the urine, which in turn lowers blood levels of
magnesium.” So getting enough magnesium is especially important in diabetes.

Apha-Lipoic acid-Alpha-lipoic acid or ALA is a naturally occurring compound that's made in the body.
It serves vital functions at the cellular level, such as energy production. As long as you're healthy, the body
can produce all the ALA it needs for these purposes. Despite that fact, there has been a lot of recent interest
in using ALA supplements. Advocates of ALA make claims that range from beneficial effects for treating
conditions such as diabetes and HIV to enhancing weight loss

ALA and Diabetes

While studies are still sparse, there is some evidence that ALA may have at least two positive benefits for
individuals with type 2 diabetes. Dr. Draxe have suggested that alpha-lipoic acid supplements may
enhance the body's ability to use its own insulin to lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. ALA
may help reduce the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy -- nerve damage that can be caused by diabetes.

In Europe, ALA has been used for years to provide relief from the pain, burning, tingling, and numbing
caused by diabetic neuropathy. In particular, one large study strongly suggested that large intravenous
doses of ALA were effective at relieving symptoms. But the evidence for oral doses is not as strong. More

research is needed to establish the effectiveness of oral ALA supplements for diabetic neuropathy.
Banaba-Banaba is an herbal remedy extracted from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa, a tree
native to Southeast Asia. Long used in folk medicine, banaba is available in supplement form.
Proponents claim that banaba can promote weight loss and treat a wide range of health problems.
Rich in corosolic acid (a substance found to possess blood-sugar-lowering, antioxidant,
and anti-inflammatory properties), banaba also contains ellagitannins, a class of compounds with
antioxidant effects.

Contents:

Corosolic acid: According to previous study of Gitanjali Mishra1 , Prasanna Kumar Panda2 ,
Trilochan Satapathy1 *, Suresh Kumar GhritlahareCorosolic acid, (2 alphahydroxy ursolic acid,
Glucosol) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound widely existing in many traditional Chinese
medicinal herbs, has been proved to have anti diabetic effects on animal experiments and clinical
trials. Corosolic acid which is structurally similar to ursolic acid. Corosolic acid is usually extracted
from Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaf. It is reported to exhibit antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant,
antiinflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antineoplastic, osteoblastic and protein kinase C inhibition
activity. Pure Corosolic acid has been reported to decrease blood sugar levels within 60 min in human
subjects. The beneficial effects of banaba and Corosolic acid with respect to various aspects of
glucose and lipid metabolism appear to involve multiple mechanisms, including enhanced cellular
uptake of glucose, impaired hydrolysis of sucrose and starches, decreased gluconeogenesis and the
regulation of lipid metabolism. Corosolic acid increased glucokinase activity without affecting
glucose-6-phosphatase activity, suggesting an increase in glycolysis. Various studies indicated the
pharmacological actions of corosolic acid are not summarized based on the mechanism of action. So
in this review, our efforts have been devoted to provide some mechanism based anti diabetic potential
of Corosolic acid which may prove as additional information and shall be helpful in future
research.Banaba leaf, not to be confused with “banana” leaf, has been used for thousands of years in
India and the Philippines to naturally treat diabetes and low blood sugar levels. It turns out these
cultures were onto something -- banaba leaf and blood sugar control go hand in hand.

The blood sugar regulating properties of corosolic acid, the active ingredient in banaba leaf, have
been demonstrated in cell culture, animal, and human studies. In isolated cells, for example, it is
known to stimulate glucose uptake. In fact, some studies have shown that it can help lower blood
sugar within sixty minutes. It has also been shown to help correct leptin problems and food cravings
that are typically found in overweight individuals who have elevated blood sugar. The average human
response is a 10-15% decrease in blood sugar within two hours of ingestion. For this reason, it is
found in many sugar metabolic enhancement formulas including Jon Barron’s Glucotor.
Diabetes-Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar
(glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, or its action, or both. Diabetes mellitus,
commonly referred to as diabetes (as it will be in this article) was first identified as a disease
associated with "sweet urine," and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. Elevated levels of
blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine.
Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas.
Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose elevates (for example, after eating
food), insulin is released from the pancreas to normalize the glucose level by promoting the uptake of
glucose into body cells. In patients with diabetes, the absence of insufficient production of or lack of
response to insulin causes hyperglycemia.Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, meaning that
although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime.

Hyperglycemic-High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) affects people who have diabetes. Several factors
can contribute to hyperglycemia in people with diabetes, including food and physical activity choices,
illness, nondiabetes medications, or skipping or not taking enough glucose-lowering medication.It's
important to treat hyperglycemia, because if left untreated, hyperglycemia can become severe and
lead to serious complications requiring emergency care, such as a diabetic coma. In the long term,
persistent hyperglycemia, even if not severe, can lead to complications affecting your eyes, kidneys,
nerves and heart.

Glucometer-A glucometer, also known as a glucose meter or blood glucose monitoring device, is a
home measurement system you can use to test the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood.

Herbaceous-A herbaceous plant is a plant that does not have much wood and its stems are green
and soft. These plants grow fast and produce flowers and many seeds in a short period of time.

White Mice-A mouse is a small rodent with a pointed nose, furry round body, large ears and a long,
often hairless, tail. There are hundreds of types of mice, divided into subfamilies of either Old World
or New World species. Common varieties include deer mouse, house mouse, field mouse, wood
mouse, dormouse, spiny mouse and zebra mouse. Though some people talk about mice and rats as if
they were the same thing, they are actually different types of animals in the rodent family. Rats
generally are larger than mice, and they can be bald, scaly and cylinder-shaped.

Why did you use white mice-reason why rodents are used as models in medical testing is that their
genetic, biological and behavior characteristics closely resemble those of humans, and many symptoms of
human conditions can be replicated in mice and rats. "Rats and mice are mammals that share many
processes with humans and are appropriate for use to answer many research questions," said Jenny Haliski,
a representative for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.
 Statistical Analysis and Treatment

TABLE 1:

A. HYPOTHESES

HO: There is no significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White

Mice (Mus musculus) between Pre and Post Treatment of 75 ml of Water spinach
(Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf
Extracts.

H1: There is a significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White

Mice (Mus musculus) between Pre and Post Treatment of 75 ml of Water spinach
(Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf
Extracts.
.
B. Variables
Dependent: Sugar Level (Pre – Post) of White Mice
Independent: 75 ml of Treatment
C. STATISTICAL TEST TO BE USED : T-Test between two Independent Groups
D. SPSS Output:

Group Statistics

75 ml
Treatment N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Blood Sugar Level Pre 3 2.7867 13.31666 7.68838
Post 3 1.3367 24.58319 14.19311
 Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means

Std. 95% Confidence

Sig. Mean Error Interval of the
(2-taile Differen Differen Difference
F Sig. t df d) ce ce Lower Upper
Blood Equal
8.98 145.000 16.1417 100.183 189.816
Sugar variances 1.769 .254 4 .001
3 00 3 36 64
Level assumed
Equal
8.98 3.08 145.000 16.1417 94.3826 195.617
variances not .003
3 1 00 3 7 33
assumed
E.CONCLUSION
There is a significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus
musculus) between Pre (2.7867 and Post (1.3367 Treatment of 75 ml of Water spinach
(Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts,
T(4) = 8.983 , p = .001.

TABLE 2:

A. HYPOTHESES
HO: There is no significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White
Mice (Mus musculus) using the different amount of treatments of Water spinach
(Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf
Extracts: Treatment A1, Treatment A2, and Treatment A3.

H1: There is a significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White

Mice (Mus musculus) using the different amount of treatments of Water spinach
(Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf
Extracts: Treatment A1, Treatment A2, and Treatment A3
B. Variables
Dependent: Sugar Level of White Mice
 Independent: Treatments A1, A2, and A3
C. STATISTICAL TEST TO BE USED : One Way ANOVA
D. SPSS Outpu

Descriptives
Sugar
Level
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Std. Lower Upper
N Mean Deviation Std. Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum
Treatment
2 2.0900 93.33810 66.00000 -629.6095 1047.6095 143.00 275.00
A1
Treatment
2 2.0700 97.58074 69.00000 -669.7281 1083.7281 138.00 276.00
A2
treatment
2 2.0650 102.53048 72.50000 -714.6998 1127.6998 134.00 279.00
A3
Total 6 2.0750 75.83337 30.95884 127.9178 287.0822 134.00 279.00

ANOVA
Sugar Level
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 7.000 2 3.500 .000 1.000
Within Groups 28746.500 3 9582.167
Total 28753.500 5

Robust Tests of Equality of Means

Sugar Level
Statistica df1 df2 Sig.
Welch .000 2 1.997 1.000
a. Asymptotically F distributed.
E.CONCLUSION
There is no significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus
musculus) using the different amount of treatments of Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts:
Treatment A1 (2.0900 , Treatment A2 (2.070 , and Treatment A3 (2.0650
102.53048,F(2,3)= 0.000, p=1.000

TABLE 3:

A. HYPOTHESES
HO: There is no significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White
Mice (Mus musculus) using the Treatment A3 of Water spinach (Ipomoea
aquatica) Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts,
Commercial, and Controlled.

H1: There is a significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White

Mice (Mus musculus) using the Treatment A3 of Water spinach (Ipomoea
aquatica) Leaf extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts,
Commercial, and Controlled.
B. Variables
Dependent: Sugar Level of White Mice
Independent: Treatments A3 of Spinach, Commercial, and Controlled.
C. STATISTICAL TEST TO BE USED : One Way ANOVA
D. SPSS Output:

Descriptives
Sugar Level
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Std. Lower Upper
N Mean Deviation Std. Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum
TReatment
2 2.0650 102.53048 72.50000 -714.6998 1127.6998 134.00 279.00
A3
Commercial 2 2.1900 79.19596 56.00000 -492.5475 930.5475 163.00 275.00
Controlled 2 3.0150 .70711 .50000 295.1469 307.8531 301.00 302.00
Total 6 2.4233 74.08554 30.24529 164.5853 320.0813 134.00 302.00

ANOVA
Sugar Level
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 10658.333 2 5329.167 .952 .478
Within Groups 16785.000 3 5595.000
Total 27443.333 5

Robust Tests of Equality of Means

Sugar Level
Statistica df1 df2 Sig.
Welch 1.296 2 1.334 .487
a. Asymptotically F distributed.

E.CONCLUSION
There is no significant difference in the sugar level of Hyperglycemic White Mice (Mus
musculus) using the Treatment A3 (2.0650 of Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Leaf
extracts and Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Leaf Extracts, Commercial (2.1900 , and
Controlled (3.0150 ,F(2,3)= .952 , p = .478 .
Appendices