Harbingers - Preparation For AVSEC BASIC 2022

INTERGLOBE AVIATION LIMITED
PREPARATION
FOR AVSEC BASIC COURSE
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AVSEC BASIC 2022
Aviation Security. Combination of measures, human and material resources intended to safeguard
civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference.
Primary objective of Aviation security
To assure the protection and safety of passengers, crew, ground personnel, the general public,
aircraft and facilities of an airport serving civil aviation, against acts of unlawful interference
perpetrated on the ground or in flight.
Basic Principles and Philosophy for Aviation Security
• Civil aviation shall operate from a safe and secure environment free from unlawful interference;
• States shall develop and implement such legislation and procedures as are necessary to ensure
the safe and secure environment;
• The security measures put in place shall be consistent with Standards and Recommended
Practices as promulgated by ICAO, and adequate to meet the threat; and
States shall either prosecute or extradite any person(s) who unlawfully interfere with civil
aviation of any other State
What is Threat?
It is defined as "the probability of an attack being attempted against a target within a specified time
frame”.
What is Vulnerability?
Vulnerability is those characteristics of a target which could be exploited in an attack.
What is Risk?
Risk is the probability that an attack will be attempted and will be successful
RISK = THREAT x VULNERABILITY
Nature of threats
The Traditional / conventional types of threat to civil aviation are as follows.
• Hijacking of aircraft
• Sabotage of aircraft
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•Terrorist attack at airports (Terminal, Concourse, Check-in, Passenger and Baggage search areas)
•Sabotage of airports
•Attacks against off-airport locations (crew accommodation, national carrier ticket offices, cargo
facilities, vital installations).
New and Emerging threats:
Few examples of emerging threat are
• Suicide attack on ground facilities
• Misuse of aircraft as a weapon of mass destruction
• Misuse of nuclear and other radioactive substances.
• Threat from biological weapons
• Threat from chemical and dangerous substances
• Air to air attack by aircraft or by missile
• Ground to air attack by missiles.
• Cyber terrorism
• Attack through electronic systems to misguide the air traffic communications to the aircraft.
• Attack by magnetic systems.
Terrorism
What is Terrorism?
Terrorism is an act of placing someone in extreme fear. It is the unlawful use of violence against the
Public to intimidate a Government.
Types of Offenders
• Mentally challenged persons
• Persons seeking revenge – disgruntled ex-employees
• Terrorists, individuals and/or groups
• Criminals, individuals and/or groups
Factors contributing to terrorism:
• Religious factors
• Economic conditions of a country
• Natural disasters
• Political factors
• Social recognition
The supports needed by the terrorist organizations:
▪ Financial support
▪ Motivated manpower
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▪ Support of Public
▪ Arms & Ammunition
▪ Media
▪ Training
Who are the Terrorists?
• Terrorists are generally people who feel alienated from society and have a grievance or regard
themselves as victims of an injustice.
• Terrorists are devoted to their political or religious cause and do not regard their violent actions as
criminal.
• Terrorists are ruthless and show no fear, pity or remorse.
Characteristics of Terrorists
• Target specific individuals on an aircraft, such as Diplomats or VIPs

• Engender fear of flying in the general public and disrupt normal life; and
• Obtain the release of prisoners, perhaps from their own group
• They operate in small groups or complex networks
• They are usually well organized
• Have access to necessary resources such as money, technical expertise, weapons, explosives and
sometimes supported by governments or States; and
• Aims are political in nature
Characteristics of Criminals
Attacks on Civil Aviation by criminal groups or individuals are rare and their motivation is
• Monetary gain or
• Extortion
• Personal gains
• Difficult to classify
• Unpredictable
UNLAWFUL SEIZURE OF AIRCRAFT (HIJACKING)
What are the techniques used for hijacking?

In order to execute a hijack of an aircraft, the perpetrator must be able to coerce the pilot-in-
command. Therefore, it is necessary to:
• Smuggle weapons onto the aircraft (examples of how this has been done ranges from
concealment in toys to false prosthetics)
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• Possible collusion with or bribery of airport or airline staff

• Armed assault. This has been used on several occasions
The types of weapons used vary and may include pistols, automatic weapons, explosive charges,
knives, or flammable material.
SABOTAGE
Sabotage techniques
Most sabotage devices targeted against aircraft are either explosive or incendiary devices and can
even be a combination of the two.
The saboteur needs to have access to the aircraft to plant the device or place the device on the
aircraft using passenger baggage, air cargo, catering or other stores loaded onto the aircraft prior to
flight. The most common means of infiltrating sabotage devices in the past have been:
• Infiltration of device into baggage;

• Collusion with airport or airline staff to place device on aircraft;
• Subterfuge, use of an unsuspecting dupe
Sabotage of airports
Certain critical areas of an airport are vital to the continued operation of an airport, namely:
• Runway;
• Passenger terminal buildings;
• Navigational aids;
• Electrical power supplies;
• Air Traffic Control communications;
• Aviation fuel storage;
• Rescue and fire-fighting services.
Any sabotage to the above facilities can seriously impair the functioning of the airport.
Suicide bomber
While most successful saboteurs move away from the event of the device activation the suicidal
saboteur is ready to kill himself for the cause.
Whether a religious, political, or nationalistic fanatic, these individuals or groups present a
formidable threat to today’s security measures.
These offenders may endeavor to achieve sabotage by:

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• Carrying the device on their person; or

• Providing the means to have a device boarded through their checked baggage
Why is aviation an attractive target?
• Instant publicity
• Aircraft possesses inherent mobility
• Different nationalities involved
• Aircraft can be easily taken in control
• Aircraft itself can be used as a missile
• Small amount of explosive is sufficient to cause huge damage
• Adverse impact on tourism thereby furthering the terrorist cause
• Excellent means of extortion
• Economic damage to the country
• Economic damage to the airline
• Carriers are seen as flag bearers
• Large number of people in a confined area
Where can the threats come from?

• Terrorist disguised as a passenger with the intent to hijack the plane
• A terrorist may infiltrate a piece of luggage containing an explosive device directly onto the conveyor
belt
• Using naïve passenger to infiltrate a bomb into their luggage
• Explosive device concealed at the check in area set to explode during the operations
• Direct attack
• Explosive device placed at the boarding gate area
• Passenger used after check-in
• Interline passengers and baggage
• Cargo/Courier infiltration
• Catering infiltration
• Airport employees
• Terrorist disguised as an airport worker
• Explosive device or weapon left on board to be used on the second leg of the flight
HISTORICAL REVIEW
1 First hijacking in the The first recorded aircraft hijack took place on February 21, 1931 in Lima, (Peru).
world
2 1969 Year of maximum Hijackings
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First hijacking in 30th Jan, 1971, Indian Airlines flight from Srinagar to Jammu taken to Lahore.
India
3 Outcome Rule 8 A of Aircraft Rule 1937 was being implemented. {superseded by Rule 21
of Aircraft (Security) Rules 2011}
Second hijacking in Indian Airlines Aircraft hijacked on 10th Sep, 1976, Mumbai to Delhi taken to
India Lahore.
4 Outcome Shri B.D. Pandey committee was formed in 1976
18th Jan, 1978 Formation of DCAS as a cell under DGCA on the recommendation of Shri B.D.
Pandey Committee
2nd August, 1984 A Bomb Explosion at Chennai (Meenambakkam) airport.
5
Outcome Bomb Threat Contingency Plan was Implemented.
23rd Jun, 1985

• Sabotage of Air India aircraft Kanishka Tragedy over Atlantic Ocean.
• Explosion at Narita airport (Japan) during transfer of baggage to Air India aircraft.
6 Post Kanishka Justice B.N Kirpal, Commission was setup. On 1st April 1987. BCAS was formed as a
Tragedy Regulatory Authority on Civil Aviation Security under MCA.
Following security measures were introduced
• Identification of baggage-Mandatory
• Reconciliation of baggage was introduced
• Re-identification of registered baggage on interline station by passenger.
• Checking of baggage manually even after X-ray screening
• Inspection of security arrangements of national air-carriers at foreign stations by
BCAS officers
7 3rd May 1986 Sabotage of Air Lanka aircraft at Colombo airport. Explosives send through tea
consignment in cargo. LTTE rebels bombed Air Lanka plane at Colombo airport,
killing 16 people
2nd April 1986 Bombing of TWA 840. 04 passengers died while 117 survived. The bomb contained
one pound of plastic explosive. It is suspected it had been placed under the seat
cushion on a previous journey by a Lebanese woman
8
Outcome Aircraft security check & security search were improved.
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17th April 1986 Attempted sabotage of El Al Israeli Airlines flight 016 from London Heathrow to Tel
Aviv. Anne Murphy who was used by her fiancé Nazer Hindawi of Abu Nidal Group.
She was caught only on the basis of profiling.
9 Outcome Emphasis on Profiling.
29th Nov 1987 Korean Air Bombing resulted in death of 115 persons on board aircraft. A bomb
was planted inside an overhead storage bin in the airplane’s passenger cabin by
North Korean agents.
10
Outcome Transit Security checks were given high importance.
21st Dec 1988 Pan Am 103 incident resulted in death of 259 persons on board aircraft, as well as
11 persons on the ground at Lockerbie (Scotland).
11 Outcome Marking of Plastic Explosive for the purpose of detection. Golden principle adopted.
No passenger no baggage and all bomb threat calls to be taken seriously. Procedure
for carriage of mishandled baggage was introduced.
12 24th Dec 1994 Air France aircraft seized at Algerian airport by four persons dressed as airline staff
- three hostages killed. Aircraft flown to Marseilles (France) where four hijackers
killed.
13 Nov 1996 ET 961 Ethiopian Airlines was hijacked by asylum seekers. Crashed in Comoros
Island due to insufficient fuel.
24th Dec 1999 Hijack of Indian Airlines (IC-814) operating from Kathmandu (Nepal) to Delhi (India).
Finally taken to Kandahar (Afghanistan)
14 Outcome • Introduction of CISF as ASG in Feb 2000

• Secondary Ladder point checks (SLPC) introduced in January 2000
• Introduction of Sky Marshals
• Modernization / up gradation of electronic detection devices
• Preventing a hijacked aircraft to take off from Indian soil, once it lands
• Review of contingency plans
24 July 2001 Colombo Airport (Bandaranaike Airport) attack by LTTE.
15 Outcome • Raising of Perimeter wall to the prescribed height

• Access control system strengthened
• Security of parked aircraft at night
• Deployment of QRT
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11th September Attack by Al Qaida using 04 Aircrafts as a weapon of Mass destruction in USA.
2001
Outcome • Strengthening of cockpit doors

16 • Locking of cockpit doors
• Implementation of strict pre-embarkation security checks
• Deployment of sky marshals
• Ban on steel / metallic cutlery with sharp edges.
22nd December • Richard Reid (Shoe Bomber), a member of Al Qaeda, boarded American Airlines from
2001 Paris to Miami. Passenger was on Aerial suicide mission.
17 Outcome • Shoe Scanning through XBIS was introduced.

• Carriage of Lighters & Matchbox in the aircraft is prohibited.
18 28th November Arkia Airlines (Israel) shot at by shoulder launched surface-to-air missiles on
2002 departure from Mombasa, Kenya.
August 2006 Heathrow Airport Attack: Attempt to blow up 11 aircraft with the liquid explosive
(TATP)
19
Outcome Restrictions on carriage of more than 100ml of liquid in cabin baggage
30th June 2007 Glasgow Airport Attack. A dark green Jeep Cherokee loaded with propane canisters
cabin baggage
was driven into the glass doors of the Glasgow International Airport terminal and
set ablaze.
20
A second bomb was later found in the car parking.
Outcome Focus on Landside security.

25th December Northwest Airlines Flight 253 was attacked by a man using a small explosive device
2009 hidden in his underwear, causing only a small fire inside the plane, which is
21
extinguished by a flight attendant; the man was subdued by passengers and crew;
there were 3 injuries.
Outcome Introduction of Body Scanners
24th January 2011 Domodedovo International Airport bombing. A passenger exploded himself in the
Moscow Airport Moscow airport, international arrival hall, baggage claim area.
Attack
22
Outcome Random screening at the entry gate of the terminal building. Strengthening of
security towards city side.
Landside security was recommendation.
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08th June 2014 Jinnah International Airport (Karachi) was attacked by 10 militants armed with
automatic weapons, a rocket launcher, suicide vests and grenades carried out the
attack. 36 people were killed, including all 10 attackers, and at least 18 were
wounded.
Outcome Recommended Practices on landside security, security awareness training. Proper

23 implementation of security measures aimed at preventing or minimizing the effect
of ramming vehicle attacks should be incorporated, such as: physical barriers, for
example bollards, crash-rated planters, speed breakers and chicane to be placed in
curb side and other appropriate areas.
17th July 2014 A Malaysian Airline flight MH 17 flying over Ukraine and Russia border was bought
down by a Buck missile fired by the militant. Aircraft crashed near Gabrovo in the
Donetsk region. Total Passenger 280, crew 15, Total 295 Pax.
24
Outcome Annex 17 included provision on attacks against MANPADs
25 22nd March 2016 Three coordinated nail bombings occurred in Belgium two at Brussels
Airport in Zaventem. Two suicide bombers, carrying explosives in large suitcases,
attacked a departure hall.
12th June 2016 A man has set off a homemade explosive device at Shanghai international airport,
injuring four people as well as himself at Pudong International Airport, Shanghai.
The man then took out a knife and stabbed his own neck.
26 28th June 2016 The Atatürk Airport terrorist attack, consisting of shootings and suicide bombings.
Gunmen armed with automatic weapons and explosive belts staged a simultaneous
attack at the international terminal.
Outcome Landside security became a standard.
Aviation Security Countermeasures

Legislative
Technical
Physical
These countermeasures can be categorized as:
•Legislative Example: international conventions, national legislations, follow up of Conventions &
Acts and Rules
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• Technical Example: ANNEX-17, ICAO SEC MANUAL (Doc 8973), NCASP, NCASTP, NCAQCP, AIRPORT
SECURITY PROGRAMME, AIRCRAFT OPERATOR SECURITY PROGRAMME
• Physical Example: SOP’s/Aviation Security Measures at Airports Anti hijacking measures Anti
sabotage measures, measures against Terrorist Attacks and Security of personnel.
1. Legislative Measures Includes Conventions
IMPORTANT CONVENTION & PROTOCOL RELATED TO CIVIL AVIATION

Convention Date Objective & Outcome
Chicago convention (mother 07/12/1944 • Convention on International Civil Aviation

of all convention) • Establishment of ICAO.
• 19 Annexes in total.
• Annexure 17 applies to aviation security
(SARP)
• ICAO formally established on 4th April 1947
• Headquarters at Montreal, Canada
• Responsible to promote safe and orderly
development of International Civil Aviation
throughout the world.
• Legislative Powers
• Organizes obligatory security Audits.
Tokyo convention 14/09/1963 Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts
Committed on Board Aircraft
Pilot was granted with certain rights and called as
Pilot-in-command.
Aircraft in flight was defined.
Certain Other Acts: - Unruly behaviour which leads to
safety of the aircraft, persons on board the aircraft,
good order of aircraft. The PIC given power to restrain
and offload such passenger.
Any legal action to be taken in the state of registry of
aircraft. The state where such passenger was
offloaded need to transport such passenger for legal
proceedings.
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Hague 16/12/1970 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of

convention Aircraft: - (hijacking) an international offence.
• Extradite or prosecute offenders without
exception
• not allowing the aircraft to take off to another
destination while the offenders are still in
control of the aircraft.
• Report every occurrence to ICAO
Montreal convention 23/09/1971 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts

against the Safety of Civil Aviation (acts of sabotage).
Aircraft in service was defined.
Montreal protocol 24/02/1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of
Violence at Airports Serving International Civil
Aviation.
Term offences was broadened to all unlawful acts
against a person or an disruption of the airport
serving International Civil Aviation, causing or likely to
cause death, damage of airport and facilities including
aircraft not in service
Montreal convention 01/03/1991 Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purposes of

1991 (MEX 1991) Detection Convention.
Focused on the detection of explosives
– use of existing vapour detection technology
to detect plastic explosives.
– Marking agents should be added to plastic
explosives by the manufacturer. Purpose: - Prevent
the production and movement of unmarked
explosives through their territory
Beijing Protocol 2010 2010 The Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for
the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft.
The Beijing Protocol supplements the Hague
Convention,
1970
scope of different forms of aircraft hijackings:
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including through modern technological means

(Cyber)
Please remember till the time India does not ratify the convention, it is not applicable in India.
Example India has not ratified for Beijing Conventions, 2010 therefore it is not given in the chart
above.
NAME OF THE LEGAL BACK UP IN

S.No. PLACE DATE PURPOSE
CONVENTION INDIA
SECTION 4 OF
AIRCRAFT ACT
1934 – GIVES
CONVENTION ON
POWER TO
INTERNATIONAL
07TH DEC CENTRAL
1 CIVIL AVIATION CHICAGO (USA) FOUNDATION OF ICAO
1944 GOVERNMENT TO
[CHICAGO
MAKE RULES TO
CONVENTION]
IMPLEMENT THE
CHICAGO
CONVENTION.
CONVENTION ON
POWERS GIVEN TO PILOT IN
OFFENCES AND
COMMAND AS LAW TOKYO
CERTAIN OTHER 14TH SEP
2 TOKYO (JAPAN) ENFORCEMENT OFFICER TO CONVENTION ACT,
ACTS COMMITTED 1963
DEAL WITH UNRULY 1975.
ON BOARD AN
PASSENGERS.
AIRCRAFT
1.DEFINED UNLAWFUL
CONVENTION FOR
SEIZURE OF AIRCRAFT.
THE SUPPRESSION
2. DEFINED AIRCRAFT IN ANTI – HIJACKING
OF UNLAWFUL HAGUE 16TH DEC
3 FLIGHT. ACT, 1982 and its
SEIZURE OF THE (NETHERLANDS) 1970
3.DEFINED STRICT amendments.
AIRCRAFT [HAGUE
PUNISHMENTMENTS FOR
CONVENTION]
THE OFFENDERS.
CONVENTION FOR 1.DEFINED SABOTAGE OF THE SUPPRESSION
MONTREAL 23RD SEP
4 THE SUPPRESSION AIRCRAFT OF UNLAWFUL
(CANADA) 1971
OF UNLAWFUL 2.DEFINED AIRCRAFT IN ACTS AGAINST THE
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ACTS AGAINST THE SERVICE SAFETY OF CIVIL

SAFETY OF CIVIL 3.DEFINED STRICT AVIATION ACT,
AVIATION PUNISHMENTMENTS FOR 1982.
THE OFFENDERS.
CONVENTION FOR
THE SUPPRESSION
OF UNLAWFUL
ACTS AGAINST THE AMENDMENT IN THE
SAFETY OF CIVIL DEFINITION OF SABOTAGE
MONTREAL 24TH FEB AMENDMENT ACT
5 AVIATION FACILITY THAT WAS DEFINED IN 1971.
(CANADA) 1988 1994.
AND PERSONS TWO MORE TARGETS WERE
RELATED TO CIVIL ADDED IN THE DEFINITION.
AVIATION.
(PROTOCOL
SUPPLEMENTARY)
CONVENTION ON
MARKING OF ADDITION OF CHEMICAL
PLASTIC 01ST AGENTS IN THE PLASTIC
MONTREAL
6 EXPLOSIVES FOR MAR EXPLOSIVES AT THE TIME OF Explosive act
(CANADA)
THE PURPOSE OF 1991 MANUFACTURE AT
DETECTION (MEX ORDINANCE FACTORIES.
CONVENTION).
THE PROTOCOL
SUPPLEMENTARY
EXPANDS THE SCOPE OF
TO THE
HAGUE CONVENTION TO
CONVENTION ON
10TH SEP COVER DIFFERENT FORMS ANTI HIJACKING
7 THE SUPPRESSION BEIJING (CHINA)
2010 OF HIJACKING INCLUDING ACT 2016
OF UNLAWFUL
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
SEIZURE OF
(CBRN)
AIRCRAFT (BEIJING
PROTOCOL 2010)
AIRCRAFT ACTS OF 1934
It extends to the whole of India and applies also-
a) To citizens of India wherever they may be;

b) To, and to the persons on, aircraft registered in India wherever they may be;
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c) To, and to the persons on, aircraft registered outside India but for the time being in or over
India; and.
d) To an aircraft operated by a person who is not a citizen of India bus has his principal place
of business or permanent residence in India.
Reference to Aircraft Act 1934 and it’s amendment Act 2020 Section
The Central Government may constitute a body to be known as the Directorate 4A

General of Civil Aviation
The Central Government may constitute a body to be known as the Bureau of Civil 4B
Aviation Security
The Central Government may constitute a body to be known as the Aircraft Accidents 4C
Investigation Bureau
Powers of the central Government to make rules and amendment added in “The 5
Aircraft (Amendment) Act, 2020
Power to issue directions, further sub section (1A) is added in “The Aircraft 5A
(Amendment) Act, 2020
(1A) The Director General of Bureau of Civil Aviation Security or any other officer
specially empowered in this behalf by the Central Government may, from time to
time, by order, issue directions
Penalty for act in contravention of Rule made under Section 5 of the Aircraft Acts. (2 10
years imprisonment or fine not exceeding rupees one crore)
Penalty for failure to comply with direction issued U/S 5A of the Aircraft Acts. (2 years 11A
imprisonment or fine not exceeding rupees one crore)
AIRCRAFT RULES 1937
Reference to Aircraft Rules 1937 Rule
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Carriage of arms, explosives , dangerous goods. 8
Prohibition on consumption of intoxicated and psychoactive substances. 24
Carriage of persons suffering from mental disorders or epilepsy in aircraft. 24A
Carriage of prisoners in an aircraft 24B
Carriage of animals, birds and reptiles in aircraft 24C
Smoking in aircraft 25
Entry into public Aerodromes 90
Inspection:-Any person authorized by the DGCA by general or special order can

156
enter: Any aircraft for the purpose of compliance with any of the rules
Obstruction of Authorized Person 159
Penalties 162
AIRCRAFT (SECURITY) RULES -2011
Disembarkation of Unruly Passenger Rule 17
Security check before Embarkation Rule 21
Certification of Screeners Rule 22
Prohibition of carriage of certain goods (Cabin Baggage) Rule 23
Deployment of staff –For security Duties Rule 26
Security Search of Aircraft Rule 27
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Access Control to Aircraft Rule 28
Locking of Cockpit doors Rule 29
Deployment of IFSO Rule 30
Security control of Hold baggage. Rule 31
Security control for cargo and courier bags Rule 37
Prohibition of certain goods (Cargo and Courier) Rule 40
Note:-The Aircraft (Carriage of Dangerous Goods) Rules came in to force in 2003.
LAG restriction came in the year 2006.
2. Technical Counter measures
There are 19 Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Annex 17 (Aviation Security)
• Standards: Necessary or mandatory

➢ Contracting States will conform
• Recommended Practices: Desirable
➢ Contracting States will endeavor to conform
• Contracting State: Signatory to the Chicago Convention
• ICAO Security Manual (Doc. 8973 - Restricted)

➢ Supports States in the implementation of Annex 17
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3. Physical Counter Measures

Comprises of all the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) followed
Physical Countermeasures
• Anti-hijacking measures
• Anti-sabotage measures
• Anti-Terrorist measures
• Security of personnel
Anti-Hijacking measures
• 100% screening of passengers and their hand baggage.
• Secondary ladder point Check.
• Security of catering
• Locking/Strengthening of cockpit.
• Deployment of IFSO on flights.
• Revised Anti-Hijacking Contingency Plan.
• Conduct periodical mock up exercise.
• Introduction of CISF as ASG.
Anti-sabotage measures
• Screening of registered baggage.
• Identification/reconciliation of registered baggage.
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• Supervision of registered baggage from check-in counter till loading into the aircraft by airline staff.
• Anti-sabotage check at originating station and guarding of aircraft until take off.
• Security of catering.
• Screen/escorting of other items such as cargo, postal mail up to aircraft.
• Guarding of Aircraft
• Perimeter of standard height.
• Access control to Airport
• Anti-sabotage check at originating station and guarding of aircraft until take off.
Anti-Terrorist measures
• Guarding of aircraft and airport facilities.
• Apron/airport access control.
• Deployment of Quick reaction team (QRT).
• Perimeter wall of standard height.
• Perimeter lighting.
• Perimeter road for Patrolling.
• Watch towers/ Patrolling-Foot or mobile.
• Police station in close proximity of airport.
• Efficient communication system.
Security of personnel
• Airport Entry Permit (AEP) issued after security vetting / Character & Antecedent verification.
• Co-operate with APSU/ASG while frisking of all AEP holders before entry to airside.
• Display your AEP at airport to detect misuse.
• Never leave your baggage unattended at Airport.
• Never lend your uniform to anyone.
• Never accept a packed gift from anyone.
• If you accept than open, check & confirm it.
• Never discuss the confidential matters relating to AVSEC Rules with unauthorized personnel.
• On the job supervision/surveillance
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International Conventions - ICAO Annex 17
& National Legislation
National Security Programmes
Aviation Industry – Airport & Aircraft Operator Security Programmes
Standard Operating Procedures
Annex 17
ICAO Security
Manual
Doc 8973
NCASP
NCASTP NCASQCP
Airport Aircraft Operator

Security Security
Programme Programme
Aircraft Operator
Aircraft Operator
QCP CASTP Quality Control
CASTP
Programme
Airport
Contingency Plan
Emergency Plan
Key Responsibilities of States and Appropriate Authority
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
• An attached office of the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
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➢ Headquarter in Delhi, India

• Regulatory Body for Safety in Civil Aviation
• Responsible for regulation of air transport services to/ from/ within India and for enforcement of
civil air regulations, air safety and airworthiness standards.
• Coordinates with ICAO regarding Safety regulations
Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS)-
• An attached office of the Ministry of Civil Aviation

• Headquarters in Delhi, India
• Regulatory Body for Security in Civil Aviation
• It is headed by Director General, Bureau of Civil Aviation (DG, BCAS). DG, BCAS is the appropriate
authority for implementation of Annexure 17 to Chicago convention of International civil aviation
organization (ICAO).
• 10th September 1976:-
– Indian Airlines Aircraft Hijack
– B D Pandey Committee formed
– 18 January 1978
– Recommended formation of Directorate of Civil Aviation Security (DCAS).
– Headed by Director Security
• 23 June 1985
– Bombing of Air India Flight
– Kripal Commission formed
– 1 April 1987
– BCAS formed as independent body under MoCA
– Headed by DG,BCAS
Laying down AVSEC norms in accordance with ICAO Annex-17 to Chicago convention for Airport
Operators, Airline operators and their security agencies responsible for implementation AVSEC
measures.
• Advisory role the Govt. of India on Security matters.
• Monitoring the implementation of Security rules and regulations and carrying out survey of
security needs. Ensure that the persons implementing security controls are appropriately
trained and possess all competencies required to perform their duties.
• Planning policy on civil aviation as per ICAO guidelines, to prepare contingency plan, to prepare
NCASP and formulation of Policies.
• Coordination among different organizations on AVSEC matters.
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• Conducting surprise / dummy checks to test professional efficiency and alertness of security staff.
Conducting mock exercise to efficacy of contingency plan and operational preparedness of various
agencies.
• Technical Evaluation of equipment used in aviation security.
Appropriate National Authority Responsibilities (Responsibilities of DG, BCAS
Director General, Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (DG, BCAS) is the Appropriate Authority
• Establish, Develop, implement, maintain and review the NCASP, NCASTP, NCASQCP in India
in accordance with Annexure 17.
• Issue necessary directions on AVSEC
• Respond immediately to meet any increased security threat
• Allocate the responsibilities and ensure coordination amongst various agencies responsible for
implementation of the various aspects of the NCASP.
• Designate an authority at each aerodrome serving Civil Aviation who shall be responsible for
coordinating and implementation of security controls.
• Establish Aerodrome Security Committee (ASC) at each aerodrome serving civil aviation for
coordinating the implementation of security controls and procedures as specified in the airport /
aerodrome security programme.
• Arrange for security audit, test, survey and inspection to be conducted on a regular basis.
Role of Aviation Security Group (ASG)
• Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) / Airport Security Unit (APSU) has been entrusted with
security of airports in India. They are termed as ASG.
➢ CISF was deployed in February 2000 at Jaipur
• ASG is responsible for Anti Hijacking, Anti Sabotage and Anti Terrorist measures
• Surveillance and Patrolling of Airport Terminal Areas
• Surveillance of arrival / departing passengers
• Pre-embarkation Security Checks of Passengers
• Access Control
• Security of Sterile Hold Area
➢ Prevent contamination of security cleared passengers
• Training
• Handling of Contingencies
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Components of ASG
• Anti Hijacking Unit

• Intelligence & Surveillance Unit
• Protection Unit
• Support Unit
Bomb Detection & Disposal Squad (BDDS)
• Respond to Bomb Threat Calls

• Respond to unclaimed baggage calls
• Detection of suspected baggage for explosives
• Disposal / demolition of confirmed threat / IED by Render Safe Procedure (RSP)
• Store explosives used in demolition/ disposal of Improvised Explosive Device (IEDs)
• Carry out anti-sabotage and random checks of aircraft, airports, terminal building & cargo
complexes with special emphasis on Baggage Sorting Area (BSA)/ Baggage Make-up Area (BMA)
• Participate in the Bomb Threat Assessment Committee
Role of Airport Operator
provides infrastructure and facilities at airport
The main roles of airport operators are:

• Issuance of vehicle permits & ADP for access of vehicles in operational areas
• Preparation of various Contingency Plans for the airport which is required to be approved by
Appropriate Authority.
• Provision & maintenance of Perimeter / fencing, Perimeter Road, perimeter lighting, apron, gates
/ entry points, security hold area, frisking points/booth, Provision of Security Stamps, hand
baggage checking counter, isolated parking bay, Cooling pit etc.
• Provision & maintenance of electronic equipment’s / devices like X-ray BIS, DFMD, HHMD for
passenger screening
• Sign boards for educating the passengers / airport employees
• Co-ordination in the event of any contingency at the airport.
• Inline Screening. (Wherever Applicable)
• All operational and administrative expenses of ASG/APSU
• Issuance of Temporary airport entry passes
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Role of Airline Operators:

Airline / Aircraft Operator is responsible for anti-sabotage functions including security screening of
registered baggage passenger baggage reconciliation, checking catering, cargo etc. They carry out these
functions based on their security programme.
The main role of airline / aircraft operator is:

• Security of Aircraft
• Aircraft Search (Pre-flight anti-sabotage Checks)
• Security of parked / idle aircraft.
• Screening of Registered Baggage
• For security and surveillance in BMA and for accompanying the screened baggage up to aircraft.
• Baggage reconciliation at BSA/BMA
• Security in Baggage break-up area.
• Screening and escorting of screened cargo / unaccompanied baggage
• Secondary security checks.
• Surveillance in departure hall
• Security of catering items.
Scope of career in the field of Aviation Security: -

• Screening.
• Cyber Security.
• Profiling.
• Drone security.
• Aviation security training.
• Aviation security audits.
Foundation for a Person

• Career progression be linked with successful completion of the training programmes.
• Depending on local organizational structure and career development programmes.
Need for Security Awareness

• Security is everyone’s business
• Protect assets (people and property)
• Staying alert and vigilant to unusual or suspicious activities
• Comply with all security requirements.
Airline Assets
• Customers
• Staff
• Aircraft
• Other property and facilities
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ACCESS CONTROL OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLE
Challenges
• Size of the Airport and boundary

• Number of workers at an Airport
• Airports are often 24-hour a day operations
• The requirement for people and vehicles to have authorized access to controlled and security restricted
areas for operational purposes
Purpose of Access Control
• To control the movement of people and vehicles from landside (non-security restricted) areas into
airside (controlled and security restricted) areas
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Responsibility of Access Control
The responsibility of controlling people and vehicle movement through gates from landside to airside
is of the ASG
• Must be manned at all times when open or in use, or otherwise closed and locked.
• All persons working at the Airport must use the SRA access points when entering SRA, (includes Aircraft
crew and Airline employees).
• Access to Airside or Security Restricted Areas must be allowed only to those vehicles with a clear
operational requirement
• The admission of vehicles to Airside areas should be restricted for reasons of security and safety and
to avoid congestion on Aircraft movement areas
Access Control Points
• Physical Barriers
Controlled by security guard using Equipment such as a turnstile for People and a drop-arm barrier
for vehicles
• Automated Access Control Systems (AACS)

o Coded card (with or without PIN)
o Proximity card (RF) (with or without PIN)
o Biometric Systems.
o Facial Recognition system.
Access Is Required By
PEOPLE VEHICLE
Passenger Airport Operator
Airport Employees Airlines Operators
Airlines and Tenant
Employees Police Department
Other Organizations like
ASG/ Customs and Other Organizations like ASG/ Customs
Immigration and Immigration
Authorized Government
Officials Authorized Government Officials
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Diplomatic
Representatives Authorized Government Officials
Emergency Services Catering Agencies
Visitors Cargo Agencies
Access Control- PASSENGERS
• Require valid Ticket/ boarding card and Travel Identification documents

• Family and friends should NOT be allowed to accompany passengers into the Security Restricted Area.
Valid document for entry into the aerodrome:
• Passport;
• Voter Photo Identity card issued by Election Commission of India;
• Aadhaar or m-Aadhaar issued by Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI);
• PAN Card issued by Income Tax Department;
• Driving License issued by RTO;
• Service Photo Identity Card issued by State/Central Government, Public Sector Undertakings, local
bodies or Public Limited Companies;
• Student Photo Identity Cards issued by Government Institutions / Government recognized Educational
Institutions;
• Nationalized Bank Passbook with attested Photograph;
• Pension card / Pension documents having photograph of the passenger;
• Disability Photo ID Card/handicapped medical certificate issued by the respective State/UT
Governments/Administrations
Passenger identity checks at Counters
The purpose of identity checks at check-in is to establish that:

• the passport or identity document is genuine and valid.
• name on the booking matches the name on passport or ID document
• photograph in the passport or ID document matches with the passenger
• If doubt about a passenger's identity or the validity of documents presented, inform the
supervisor.
Arrangements around the check-in facilities
The purpose is to establish:

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• Suspicious activities of persons and passengers shall be kept under surveillance by CCTV and
ASG surveillance staff
• The Aviation Security Group's armed personnel shall be deployed in the check-in area
• The airlines will conduct profiling of passengers prior to check-in process.
Access Control of Airport Employees- AEP
• “Aerodrome Entry Permit” means the photo identity card, smart card or temporary permit issued
by the DG, BCAS authorized by the Central Government for entry into the aerodrome or part of
an aerodrome.
• If used in conjunction with an automated access control system, permits may be equipped with
electronic or other machine-readable codes to allow entry.
Categories of AEP
1) AEPs: for a period exceeding 30 days to a of maximum validity up to three years.
2) TAEPs: will be for a period of minimum 1 day and maximum 30 days in a year from the date of
issue of first Temporary entry Permit (TAEP)
3) Casual Labour: The contractor shall provide the list of casual labours along with their ID cards.
This list shall be treated as appointment letter.
4) Visitor Admission Ticket:- Visitors will have access to the demarked visitor area of respective
airports for a period of four hours' duration.
5) Transferable AEP: An AEP without photograph which may be issued to Embassies/ High
Commissions specifically recommended by MEA on the principle of reciprocity. This will be valid
only with the identity card of the holder issued by their concerned organization.
Pre-requisite of issuance of
AEP
• Approval of Security Programme/ Security Clearance of the entity
• Background check of individuals.
• AVSEC Training, as prescribed in NCASTP
TAEP
• All the above except background check. Under escort of a valid AEP holder of the concerned
entity.
Remember
• Always wear and display AEP in security restricted areas on outer most garment, above waist
level.
• Do not misuse AEP or permits when off duty.
• Cooperate with ASG security staff while frisking of all AEP holders before entry to airside.
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• Positive Security attitude.

• Produce I.D. or permits when requested by BCAS, ASG and airport officials.
• Report lost and theft of AEP
• Surrender of AEP.
• All AEPs/TAEPs shall be handed over to the staff/casual labour at the beginning of the shift by
the supervisor/ custodian of permits.
• AEP/TAEP shall not be handed over to persons when they are not on shift.
• At the end of the shift all AEPs/TAEPs shall be collected back and kept in safe custody to avoid
misplacement/ misuse of any permit.
• Handing over/ taking over of AEPs/TAEPs shall be documented by entries in register.
Vehicle Access Point Location
• Vicinity of passenger terminal buildings

• Entrance to VIP/Cargo/Maintenance areas and GA.
• Entrance to ATC tower and operations building
• Vicinity of fuel storage areas
• Entrance to air navigation facilities
Vehicle Control
• Entry gates to remain closed

• Glass mirror or inverted mirror required for checks
• Appropriate screening equipment for checking of personnel
• Availability of communication equipment at gate
• Carry out search of vehicles to detect prohibited articles.
• Apply Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for vehicles.
• Describe the procedures for dealing with irregularities or security incidents.
• Control point record book/log
• Control point Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Documents required for Vehicle Entry to SRA
• Drivers
➢ Aerodrome Entry Pass/ Permit (BCAS)
➢ Airside Driving Permit
➢ Driving License
➢ Undergone a training programme on airport safety rules.
• Vehicle Permit
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➢ Issued by Airport Operator
Vehicle Entry Permit
• Registered number of vehicle

• Name of organization
• Areas to which access allowed
• Period of validity
• Access control points to be used
• Authorized signature
Examining Vehicle Permit
• Vehicle number on permit matches actual vehicle registration number

• Name of organization is correct and bonafide
• Permit is valid and not expired
• Permit valid for access point
• Authorizing signature correct / bonafide.
Airside Driving Permit (ADP)
Only Drivers Having ADP are allowed to Drive Vehicle In The Airside Issued To The Staff By Airport
operator.
Equipment for Access Control
• Barriers, gates, turnstiles, tyre killer, bollards etc.

• Communication equipment, such as radio, telephone, etc.
• Weapons & Explosive detection equipment e.g. metal detectors, x-ray equipment, explosive trace
detection
• Search for vehicles, e.g., lights, angled mirrors
• UVSS and UVSM
• Control point log/book and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) including stop lists
Vehicle Search
• Must have authority for search

• Search is for restricted articles (explosives and incendiary substances and/or devices and other
restricted articles, substances and devices)
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(Weapons may be dismantled, and Explosive devices may be disguised or camouflaged.)

• Interior driver / passenger areas
• Trunk, boot or load carrying area
• Engine compartment
• Underside of the vehicle
• Roof
• External apertures
Access Control Point Log
• Time control point was opened or handed over to a new shift

• The status of check point equipment
• Record of incidents at the control point
• An inventory of items and/or equipment kept at the control point for its operation
• Record visits to the control point by Supervisors
• Details of vehicle/ non-pass holders / visitors attempting to gain access at the control point
• Details of vehicles admitted; ( depending on frequency and local SOP)
• Nature and brief of the incident
• Responding agencies etc.
Suspicious Activities
• Unknown person trying to gain access as passenger/ staff.

• Unknown person in vehicle trying to gain access to restricted area.
• Carrying parcel which was “suspect”
• Items that may be weapons or explosive devices should be treated as “suspicious”
Action When Prohibited Or Suspicious Item Detected
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• Remain calm and polite
• Do not alarm person/ vehicle driver.
• Do not allow the person/ vehicle to enter the airport.
• Do not try to restrain the person/driver or use physical force.
• Immediately notify supervisor.
Permission Of Access Of Vehicle Upto Tarmac
Vehicle access up to the Tarmac Area of the Civil Airport in the country.
▪ On Grounds of Protocol
▪ On Grounds of Security
▪ On Medical Grounds
Access Of Vehicle Upto Tarmac on Grounds Of Protocol
• Speaker of Lok Sabha

• First Lady (Wife of President of India)
• Wife of Vice President of India
• Foreign Ambassador/ High Commissioner on the first arrival and final departure
Personal Vehicles without escort up to the Tarmac Area of the Civil Airports within their States /
Union Territories:
• Governors
• Lt. Governors of Union Territories
• Chief Ministers
• Governors and Chief Minister, Sikkim at Bagdogra airport in West Bengal
• Other Dignitaries / Ministers from abroad
➢ AAI Vehicles
Access Of Vehicle Upto Tarmac On Grounds Of Security
Personal Vehicles with escort during departures / arrivals at all airports in the country:
• President
• Vice President
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• Prime Minister
• Visiting Heads of State
Personal Vehicles without escort during departures / arrivals at all airports in the country:
• Former President of India

• Former Prime Minister of India
• Chief Justice of India
Access Of Vehicle Upto Tarmac On Medical Grounds
• DALAI LAMA
Recognition of Explosives Devices and other Restricted Articles
Restricted Articles
• Restricted articles are defined, in the specific context of aviation security, as those articles, devices or
substances that may be used to commit an act of unlawful interference against civil aviation, or which
may endanger the safety of an aircraft and its occupants, the public or installations.
• Should not be taken into security restricted areas.

• Unless the carriage is authorized, and adequate safety and security measures are in place:-
• Will not endanger the aircraft
• Are properly packed
Are authorised for carriage by the airline operator concerned
02 Generic groups:
• A) Dangerous goods listed in Table 3.1, Doc 9284
• B) Restricted article which are not dangerous goods but its carriage in handbag is prohibited nor
allowed in registered bag. If allowed there are certain conditions applied.
Group A: Dangerous Goods
• Some articles and substances classified as restricted articles will also fall under the classification of
dangerous goods.
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• Exception given to small number of permitted articles, dangerous goods must not be carried by
passengers on their person or in their carry-on baggage or hold baggage.
ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air. (Doc 9284).
• Prohibited for transportation in passenger bag but may be accepted in Cargo. (Cargo only)
• Permitted for transportation but not permitted in cabin bag by security ban. (registered bag and cargo
during alerts)
• Permitted for transportation but not permitted under aircraft operator policy. (operator approval
required)
• Permitted but not in cabin bag. (registered bag and cargo)
Group B: Restricted Articles
• Restricted articles that are not considered dangerous goods, but whose carriage is nonetheless
prohibited in the cabin and, for security reasons, are not transferable to hold baggage.
High Threat Situations
• Articles not normally classified as prohibited articles may also be excluded from carriage in the cabin
of an aircraft or in hold baggage or carried into the Security Restricted Area of an airport.
Categories of Restricted Articles
1- Weapons
2 – Dangerous Articles
3 – Dangerous Substances
4 - Explosives
Weapons
- Articles primarily designed to kill, injure, immobilize or incapacitate
Dangerous Articles
• Any item that could be used to threaten the safety of passengers and aircraft
Dangerous Substances
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Substances which are capable of posing hazard to the health of passengers and crew or the
security / safety of aircraft or property
Explosives
Any item that can be triggered to explode
LOW EXPLOSIVES:- Firecrackers , Ammunition, Gun Powder, pyrotechnic (burns slowly)

HIGH EXPLOSIVES: - Semtex, RDX , TNT
Physical form of explosives
Physical Form
Colour
S.No Explosive
White Crystalline
1 RDX
White Crystalline
2
PETN
Sheet White Flexible
3
Expl
White Plastic/Putty
4 C–4 like
substances
Pale block/powde
5 TNT
Yellow r
Yellow Cartridge/pla
6 PEK stic mass
Tetryl/ Yellow Granular/Po
7
CE wder
Chocol Cord
ate /
Cordte
8 White
x
/
Orange
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Improvised Explosive Devices (IED)
Four main Components

i. Explosive Charge
ii. Detonator
iii. Power Source
iv. Switch/ Mechanism
Types of Detonators
• Non-Electrical
• Electrical
Switches/ IED Initiating Mechanism (4 Types)
• ANTI HANDLING
• DELAYED
• AMBIENT CONDITION
• REMOTE CONTROL/ COMMAND
Anti Handling Delayed Ambient Remote

Condition Control
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Pressure Clock Work Proximity Radio control

Pressure Electronic Gas/ smoke FM
Release Timer sensitive Transmission
Pull PTD Timer Barometric/ Command wire
Combination Thermal humidity Infra-red beam
Anti Collapsing X-ray sensitive Laser
Withdrawal Circuit Infrared Cell phone
Collapsing Water Drip sensitive Pager
Circuit Water Add Metal sensitive Satellite
Tension Pyrotechnics Acoustic Phones
Vibratory sensors
Lift Light sensitive /
Dark sensitive
Incendiary Device Components
• Timer / delay mechanism

• Means of ignition
(may require power source)
• Incendiary material
(e.g., petrol / gas / highly flammable solid)
EFFECTS OF EXPLOSION
a) Blast Effect
High pressure -Up to 40, 00,000 PSI.
Velocity of Detonation of TNT -25,000 KMPH.
b) Fragmentation
Speed of fragments may be up to 6000 KMPH.
c) Thermal
High Temperature of 3000 – 4000 0 C.
d) Translation
Bodies are lifted 30 to 60 feet above ground level and thrown 100 mts. away.
e) Concussion
In the air a vacuum or suction effect is created behind the moving blast wave.
f) Earth and water shock
Damage takes place miles away.
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g) Secondary effects
Fire, damage to building, vehicles etc.
Places of Concealment of Explosives
• On the person
• In cabin baggage
• In hold baggage
• In Cargo or Mail
• In vehicles
Methods of Concealment
Ways of concealment can be either Disguised, Dismantled & Camouflaged
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ACTION ON DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES

DO’s
• Notify Supervisor
• Evacuate men immediately to a safe distance.
• Open all windows and doors
• Place sand bags around the suspected object
• Inform bomb disposal squad.
• Inform fire brigade, hospital and ambulance.
• Handle the package alone if you are duty bound to handle.
DONT’s
• Do not touch
• Do not pass any Metallic Objects
• Do not throw Water
• Do not open
• Do not unwrap
• Do not shake or handle
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• Do not turn or unscrew

• Do not cut strings
• Do not lift or remove covers
• Do not be Dead Hero & Heroine
Explosive Detection System (EDS):
• A system or combination of different technologies which has the ability to detect, and so to indicate by
means of an alarm, explosive material contained in baggage, irrespective of the material from which the
bag is made.
Explosive Device Detection System (EDDS):
• A system or combination of different technologies which has the ability to detect, and so to indicate by
means of an alarm, an explosive device by detecting one or more components of such a device contained
in baggage, irrespective of the material from which the bag is made.
Simulation Chamber?
Simulation Chamber is a cylindrical vessel mounted on a concrete slab with chamber walls which can withstand
the pressure of explosion of 5 kg of TNT. It operates on the principle of activating the explosive device in the
suspect object by simulating the physical conditions arising in a real air journey.
PATROLLING AND GUARDING
Basic Concept of Security

• DETER
• DELAY
• DETECT
• RESPOND
Principles of airport protection based on:
• Controlling movement of people and vehicles (access control)

• Dividing airport into non-restricted and restricted areas
• Protecting airport with physical barriers.
• Preventing penetration of airport barriers
Objectives of Physical Barriers

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• Define area to be protected

• Create physical and psychological deterrent
• Delay intrusion and assist detection/apprehension
• Provide controlled access points for people and vehicles
Elements of a Physical Barrier
• Effective security fencing as per ICAO standard. Perimeter wall of height 8 inch and 1 ½ ft over hang.
• Efficient security lighting. Lighting poles inside Perimeter having focus on & outside Perimeter wall.
• Limited access control points (As less as possible).
Use of building, structures, natural barriers such as water, geographic terrain.
Any access point must be protected.
ADDITIONAL PROTECTION REQUIRED FOR: Landside/airside storm sewers, ditches, Natural Barrier.
ACHIEVED BY
• Grilles, Bars, Railings

• Monitored By Surveillance, Inspections, Anti-Intrusion Alarm Devices, Additional Lighting,
GUARDING AND PATROLLING

➢ Guarding is static duty
➢ Patrolling is a mobile function either by foot or on a vehicle
➢ Increased threat situations require additional guards and patrols
Objective Of Patrolling Objective Of Guarding
1. Respond quickly to attacks and 1. Deter and prevent unauthorized

attempted attacks access
2. Detect attacks and attempted attacks 2. Protect vulnerable areas/vital airport
against airport buildings, aircraft, facilities
installations 3. Control movement of people/vehicles
3. Ensure effectiveness of physical 4. Deter and prevent attacks against
barriers (door, windows and airport facilities
openings)
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Duties to be performed before proceeding for patrolling
➢ Before starting patrol duties and using a vehicle carry out a search of the vehicle and immediate area
for Prohibited items.
➢ Ensure the vehicle is serviceable and note any unserviceable equipment in the log book.
➢ If the vehicle is considered dangerous to drive then it is not to be used and the situation reported to
the team leader.
➢ Ensure that the vehicle has a serviceable ORANGE ANTI-COLLISION LIGHT which is to be switched on
when the vehicle is moving within the SRA or controlled area.
➢ Wear a high visibility jacket or vest at all times when operating the vehicle or moving around the SRA
or Controlled area on foot.
Functions of Patrolling Party
• Ensure the vehicle is serviceable

• Check for evidence of intrusion.
• Verify the security of aircraft on remote stands.
• Patrol specific vulnerable areas in perimeter fencing.
• Check all cargo containers (ULD - Unit Load Device) and cargo storage areas.
Screening and Searching of Passengers

Levels of Search
There are various levels of search. The table below details the various types and the degree of
intrusiveness.
Level of Remove Touch Comments
Level 1 NO YES This is a hand search of the outer levels of the
persons clothing (as worn and without
removing them) and a hand search of the
passenger’s body through that clothing. It
may involve the use of a Hand Held Metal
Detector (HHMD) to indicate items which
may have caused the Archway Metal
Detector to alarm.
Passengers may request a private search.
Level 2 YES (Outer layers only) YES Used after a level 1 search if suspicions till exist
that the person may still be in possession of a
prohibited item, or there is any other reason to
search the person to a greater depth than a level
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1 search allows. May also be used when person

requests a private search. Carried out in private
away from the view of other persons
/passengers. Requires the persons consent and a
witness of the same sex as the person being
searched.
Level 3 YES YES This level of search is usually only carried out
by
personnel who have had specialist training
i.e Police or customs. It is carried out on
persons suspected of attempting to or
committing a crime. It may involve the
removal of all clothes examination of body
orifices and the use of x-ray or other
detection equipment. It may also include
detention of the person and placing that
person under observation for a number of
days to allow the examination of body
waste.
SEARCH PRINCIPLES
• All hand carried items must be screened and/or searched. Preferably pass-through x-ray
equipment.
• It is important to adopt a systematic approach so that no part of the body, items of clothing
or areas of the bag are overlooked.
• Search should normally be carried out in open but should not be exposed to public view:
Classified or Private documents. Large amounts of currency, jewellery etc. For female passenger
privacy shall be maintained.
• Private search used when necessary to search in sufficient depth to establish if prohibited article
is present.
• Two searchers of the same sex as person being searched.
• All indications of metal on the person by technical equipment must be resolved.
• Persons who cannot be cleared by normal screening process must be searched by hand.
• Any person who cannot be cleared by the total screening process must be denied access to the
security restricted area and/or not be allowed to board an aircraft.
Passenger Screening Locations Sterile Holding Area concepts / Basic Screening plans:
• Decentralized, usually at the aircraft boarding Gate.
• Semi-centralized, usually after the duty-free shop area.
• Centralized, usually before the duty-free shop area.
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Screening Checkpoint Manpower

• Travel Document Checker / X-ray Load officer/ Profiler
• Passenger Searcher
• X-ray Officer (Operator)
• Bag Searchers / ETD Operators
Equipment required for Screening.

➢ Equipment designed to scan persons.
- DFMD
- HHMD
- Body Scanners
- ETD
➢ Equipment designed to screen baggage.

- X-ray BIS
➢ Equipment designed to detect explosives.

- Explosive Trace Detectors
- Explosive Vapour Detectors
Door Frame Metal Detector (DFMD)/ Walk Through Metal Detector (WTMD):
The DFMD also known as Walk Through Metal Detector is a screening equipment which is used to
detect metallic items carried by passenger on person. It detects metallic items which weigh 30gms
or above Operators Test Piece is used to check the serviceability of DFMD.
DFMD gives an audio and visual alarm.
Advantages
• Helps to identify metallic item including ferrous and nonferrous metal.

• Gives a rough idea of the location of the metallic item.
• High through-put rate
• Easy to Operate.
• Safe for all passengers including pregnant women, passengers with cardiac Pacemakers.
Disadvantages:
• Cannot detect any non-metallic prohibited items.

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• Cannot Detects any metal less than 30 gm.

• Not portable
• False alarm
Hand-Held Metal Detector (HHMD)

HHMD is used to detect the metallic items on a person’s body. HHMD gives an audio and visual
alarm.
Advantages
• Helps to identify metallic item including ferrous and nonferrous

• metal
• Detects even 0.5 grams of metal
• Gives exact location of the metallic item
• Convenient to passenger since it is touch free concept
• Safe for all passengers including pregnant women,
• passengers with cardiac pace makers.
Disadvantages:
• Cannot detect any non-metallic prohibited items.

• False alarm
Hand Search
Due to limitations of technical equipment additional manual hand search of passengers by
Reasoned Selection may be required.
Advantage of hand search

Hand search of people or baggage has following advantages.
• No special equipment required
• Most senses may be used
• Direct interpretation
Limitations of hand search
• It requires consent and co-operation from person who is being hand searched;
• Electrical, electronic or mechanical items will need to be examined by technical equipment
such as x- ray or trace detection e.g. mobile phones, laptop computers, cameras etc.;
• It can be time consuming compared to technical screening equipment when many passengers
or bags are involved;
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• Hand search is vulnerable to human feelings such as bad habits, inconsistency, tiredness etc.;
and
• It can be unpleasant and unhygienic for the searcher.
Hand search of passengers is also known as Pat down Search.

There are two types of pat-down searches.
• Whole body pat-down search.
• Pat-down search limited to the area of an alarm.
Procedure for passenger & carryon baggage screening
No person shall board an aircraft unless he along-with cabin baggage has been screened and
cleared by a screening officer, as per the prescribed norms.
• After being screened, the person is allowed by a screening officer, to pass through the
screening point; or
• The person passes through the screening point and the Central Government by written
notice provides that the person may pass through that screening point without being
screened.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SCREENING:
• The basic rule is that all passengers and all their carry-on baggage must undergo screening
before being allowed access to an aircraft, sterile area or security restricted area.
• Screening of passengers and cabin baggage may be carried out by the use of metal detectors, X-
ray equipment or other explosive detection devices, by manual search or by a combination of
equipment and manual search.
• Technical equipment i.e. X-ray BIS, DFMDs, HHMDs, Explosive trace detector etc. must be
checked by CTP/OTP and be fully operational before commencing of duty in a shift faulty
equipment should not be used.
• Selection of cabin baggage for hand search by X-ray operator should always be made using the
principle of reasoned selection. One out of every Five person will be randomly searched.
• To compensate the limitations of technical equipment, randomly manual hand search of
passenger and baggage is required.
• Persons who cannot be cleared by the normal screening process should be referred for manual
hand-search.
• Privacy should be assured when manual hand-search of the person is to be carried out
Procedure for screening of hold baggage

In order to prevent weapons, explosives or any other dangerous devices which may be used to
commit an act of unlawful interference with aviation, the carriage or bearing of which is not
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authorized, from being introduced by any means whatsoever onto an aircraft engaged in civil
commercial aviation, no item of originating accompanied hold baggage, transfer-baggage and or
interline baggage shall be loaded onto the aircraft unless it has been security screened and cleared
as per the prescribed norms.
It is responsibility of the concerned aircraft operator to ensure that all items of

accompanied hold baggage, unaccompanied hold baggage, transfer-baggage and interline
baggage are subjected to security procedures as per the prescribed norms before loading such
items onto an aircraft engaged in civil commercial aviation.
Screening and clearing of hold baggage.

All items of originating accompanied hold baggage shall be screened and cleared by one of the
following methods: -
• 100% screening by X-Ray BIS; and Manual hand search on a continuous random basis where the
percentage of baggage including suspect baggage so searched within a particular period shall not
be less than 10% of the total baggage during that period.
• Technical equipment used for the screening of persons and baggage has limitations.
Walkthrough metal detectors and hand-held metal detectors, for example, cannot detect non-
metallic weapons and explosives and even conventional X-ray equipment has difficulty in imaging
or defining explosive material effectively.
•
• To compensate for such limitations or to introduce a random/ unpredictability element into the
selection process, an additional manual hand search of passengers, cabin baggage and registered
baggage is required after being screened by technical means.
•
• Reasoned selection means that the selection is based on the X-ray image, concentrating the
effort on those bags most likely to conceal a prohibited item.
• Random selection should be used for hand searching one out of every ten bags in case of
registered baggage; one out of 15 in case of Cargo and one out of 20 in case of hand bag. You
should take the same methodical approach to searching bags as is required for searching people.
Cabin baggage of a female passenger will be searched by a female screener only.

Cardinal Rules
• Courtesy
• Tact and
• Caution
Procedures for screening of passengers with special needs and medical conditions.
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Special Category Passengers

There is another type of passenger known as Special Category passengers. These
include:
• Babies and children
• Pregnant women
• Physically challenged person.
• Passengers in wheelchairs
• Persons with medical conditions
• Religious reasons
• Passengers with Diplomatic Status
• VIPs
• Potentially Disruptive Passengers-
• Persons in custody
• Dangerous Prisoners and Persons Suffering from Mental Illness
• Deportees
Dealing with People

• Always be polite.
• Remain calm and friendly.
• Treat people with respect.
• Be professional at all times.
• Always thank them for their cooperation.
Applicability:
The provisions contained in this SOP shall be applicable to the following:
a) All Indian airlines/ carriers engaged in scheduled and non – scheduled air transport services both
domestic and international.
b) All foreign airlines/ carriers engaged in scheduled air transport operating to and from Indian
territory.
c) All airport operators, including private/ Joint Ventures, within Indian territory.
d) Aviation Security Group (CISF/ State Police) deployed at airports.
Definitions:
Person with disability means any individual who has a physical or mental impairment that, on a
permanent or temporary basis, substantially limits one or more major life activities, has a record
of such impairment, or is regarded as having such impairment.
Person with reduced mobility (PRM): A person with reduced mobility (PRM)
means any person whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to any physical
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disability (sensory or locomotor permanent or temporary), intellectual disability or

impairment, or any other cause of disability, or age, and whose situation needs appropriate
attention and the adaptation to his or her particular needs of the service made available to all
passengers.
Incapacitated passengers: Incapacitated passengers are those with physical or

mental disability or with a medical condition, who require individual attention or assistance on
emplaning/deplaning during flight and during ground handling which is normally not extended to
other passengers.
General requirements
• All airport operators should make special arrangements to facilitate screening of persons
with special needs so that the process is carried out efficiently, keeping in mind the dignity
and privacy of the passenger in mind while ensuring adequate level of screening.
• The airport management/ representative of Air carrier shall provide wheelchairs and render
necessary assistance to facilitate the movement of the persons with special needs, when
required.
• In the case of a passenger having difficulty in walking or standing, the way his or her
screening is conducted will depend on his or her ability/disability.
• Medical documentation is helpful but not essential.
• Canes, crutches and other devices which can be separated from the passengers should be
subjected to X-ray screening.
• Wherever testing is done for detection of explosives, in addition to ETD, help of dog squad
may be taken as per need. However, sensitivity of passenger and religious considerations
may be kept in mind.
General principles while screening disabled passengers.

• Focus on the person not the disability, some disabilities may be hidden.
• Treat with dignity and respect.
• Address the person directly.
• Ask how they may assist and listen to the advice offered.
• Explain why a different screening method is necessary.
• Verify that all special needs are correctly identified.
• Never impose help.
• Make special arrangements for the effective screening.
• Ensure the dignity and privacy of the passenger not affected.
• Provide wheelchairs and render necessary assistance.
• Follow appropriate screening methods by considering his/ her ability/ disability.
• No exemption, thorough check is required by following all requirements.
• Follow appropriate methods, use common sense and ensure all doubts are resolved.
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Screening Techniques for different categories.

• Mobility Impairment
➢ use wheelchair or scooters, have metal joint implants, wear cast, brace or other support
➢ Persons with Prosthetic limbs
• Intellectual Disabilities
• Developmental Disabilities
• Blind or Low Vision
• Deaf or Hard of Hearing
• Persons with Deaf blindness
• Speech impaired
• Children with Disabilities
• Persons with Medical needs
1. Mobility Impairment.
• Passengers with Mobility Impairment may:
• Use Wheelchair or Scooters
• Use Mobility Devices like canes, crutches or braces
• Have Metal Joint Implants, like artificial knees or hips
• Have a Cast, Brace or Support Appliance
• Have Difficulty Walking or Standing
• Cannot Remove Shoes
Screening Passengers with Mobility Impairment
Do’s Don’ts
• Use ETD to screen passenger’s • Do not force wheel chair users to stand
wheelchair/scooter. Removable items from their wheel chairs.
need X-ray screening. • Do not attempt to manually lift the wheel
• Screen passengers with thorough pat- chair user as this is against his/her dignity
down. and most of all it jeopardizes his/her safety.
• Conduct screening in private area, with • Under no circumstances should the
CISF officer of same gender as passenger, passenger be asked to remove cast, brace,
with a companion of passenger’s choice (if calipers, metal implants or supportive
requested). alliances and shoes if the passenger cannot
• The passenger’s walker, crutch, cane, or remove shoes.
other assistive mobility device must
undergo X-ray screening, unless it cannot
fit through the X-ray. If an item cannot fit
in the X-ray, or the passenger cannot be
separated from the item, it must be
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inspected with ETD.

• Use ETD to screen passengers who cannot
remove shoes and have metal joint
implants.
• Passengers with cast, brace or calipers or
supportive appliances should be screened
without removing them with a thorough
pat down process and ETD.
1b. Prosthetic Limbs
Prosthetic limbs are mechanical devices worn by amputees. They can be worn above knee, below knee,
on the elbow or shoulder, depending on the nature of amputation.
Parts of a prosthetic limb:
Pylon - internal frame or skeleton of the prosthetic limb. Provides structural support and formed of metal
rods or lighter carbon-fiber composites.
Foam cover - Pylons are enclosed with a foam-like material, shaped and colored to match the person’s
skin tone to make the prosthetic limb look lifelike.
Socket - the portion of the prosthetic device where the amputee’s limb stump is fitted in.
Advanced prosthetic limbs can be equipped with a microprocessor (computer chip) and sensors. They
may have a power charging point.
Screening Passengers with Prosthetic Devices

Do’s Don’ts
• Passengers should be screened without • Do not ask the passenger to remove
removing prosthetic limbs, with Explosive his/her prosthesis.
Trace Detectors (ETD). • Do not ask the passenger to strip to
• Physical pat-down to be done by officer of remove prosthesis.
passenger’s gender to resolve any alarms • Do not make a passenger remove or lift
of ETD. any article of clothing that may
• The passenger can request a private compromise their modesty.
screening at any time and a private • Under no circumstances should the
screening should be offered when the passenger's prosthesis be put through X-
officer must pat-down sensitive areas. Ray machine.
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• During a private screening, another CISF

employee of the passenger’s gender must
also be present and the passenger may be
accompanied by a companion of his or her
choosing.
• Provide the passenger with a chair if he or
she needs to sit down.
• Ask the passenger before the pat-down
begins, about any difficulty in raising his or
her arms, remaining in the position
required for a pat-down, or any areas of
the body that are painful when touched.
2. Intellectual Disabilities
Screening Method Etiquette
• Screen along with passenger’s travelling • Speak directly to the passenger when making a
companions, if required request or giving an instruction, eg “Lift your
• Allow passenger or travelling companions to arms” etc.
offer suggestions on the best way to approach • Passenger might need a minute or so to
and screen the passenger, especially if it is process information and allow the screening.
necessary to touch during screening. Wait. A moments patience will enable
• Offer to screen passenger using walk-through successful screening.
metal detectors. • Use short sentences giving one piece of
• If passenger declines this option, then screen information at one time.
using a thorough pat down process instead. • Be prepared to repeat or rephrase the
• Tell the passenger exactly what is going to information.
happen. Eg “I will have to pat you along your • Act naturally and maintain eye contact
arms, your body, and legs. I will also use this • Do not be confrontational or frighten the
(ETD) to pat you down”. individual.
• Focus on the person – not the disability.
3. Developmental Disabilities
• Passengers with developmental disabilities • Speak directly to the passenger when
may experience impaired cognition, making a request or giving an instruction,
mobility and/or sensory deficit. They must eg “Lift your arms” etc. The passenger
be screened without being separated from might seem unfocussed, looking away, and
their traveling companions. not listening to at all. She/he might just
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• If the passenger uses a wheelchair follow have difficulty in looking at you. The does
direction provided in the slide on screening not mean she/he is not listening.
passengers with mobility impairments • Passenger might need a minute or so to
• Allow passenger or travelling companions process information and allow the
to offer suggestions on the best way to screening. Wait. A moments patience will
approach and screen the passenger, enable successful screening.
especially if it is necessary to touch during • Use short sentences giving one piece of
screening. information at one time.
• Offer to screen passenger using walk- • Be prepared to repeat or rephrase the
through metal detectors. information.
• If passenger declines this option, then • Act naturally and maintain eye contact.
screen using a thorough pat down process • Do not be confrontational or frighten the
instead. individual.
• Focus on the person – not the disability.
4. Passenger with service animals

• The guide dog must be appropriately • Guide dogs are screened using full-body
trained, certified and vaccinated as per scanner or door-frame metal detector
DGCA guidelines. followed by a pat-down
• The animal must be wearing a harness, • Don’t engage with a guide dog without
vest, or other identifiers that it is a guide permission.
dog. • Medication for the guide dog will be
• The passenger must maintain control of subjected to x-ray and additional
the guide dog, always; He or she should screening, if required.
not be separated from the guide dog. • The passenger should not contact the
• The screening officer should ask for the guide dog (other than maintaining control
permission of the passenger before of the leash) until the guide dog has been
touching the guide dog. cleared.
5. Deaf and Hard of Hearing

• Ask the passengers about the type of • Get the person’s attention. You can wave
assistance needed or technology used, e.g. or touch the person on the shoulder or
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hearing aids or cochlear implants, before back of the arm.

screening begins. • Have a pen and paper handy.
• Screen passengers by walk-through metal • Speak directly to the person, clearly and at
detectors. If a passenger is unable to, a normal speed. Be patient.
conduct a pat-down. • If you need to speak loudly, do so for the
• Do not remove hearing aids or cochlear entire conversation. Avoid sounding harsh.
implant. • Provide a clear view of your face while
• Do additional screening only if it alarms speaking to enable passenger to lip read.
walk-through metal detector or looks • Do not eat or chew while speaking
unusual in imaging technology. • If a particular word is not understood, try
to substitute that word with another word.
6. Persons with Deaf and blindness

• Ask the passengers about the type of • Get the person’s attention. touch the
assistance needed or technology used, e.g. person on the shoulder or back of the arm.
hearing aids or cochlear implants, before • Communicate by spelling the alphabets on
screening begins. the passenger’s palm and offer your palm
• Screen passengers by walk-through metal for response (Tactile sign).
detectors. If unable to, conduct a pat- • Do not touch the passenger or hand
down. something to them without prior
• Do not remove hearing aids or cochlear explanation.
implant. • Guide the passenger’s hand to objects by
• White Canes and other devices like Braille letting their hand rest lightly on the back of
note takers may undergo X-ray screening. yours.
• If an item doesn’t fit in the X-ray, or the • Do not leave without letting the passenger
passenger cannot be separated from the know by touch or by signal, even for short
item, it should be inspected with ETD. periods.
• CISF staff to ask passenger if he/she needs
to be immediately reunited with the device
after X-ray screening
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7. Speech Impairments
• Screen passengers by a walk-through metal Listen, but if you have difficulty understanding,
detector and ETD. don’t pretend you understand. Be patient.
• If unable to be screened by a walk-through Repeat what you do understand for confirmation.
metal detector, do a thorough pat- down Ask person to spell, rephrase or write down the
information. Have pen and paper handy.
If possible, ask questions that require short
answers or a nod or shake of the head.
Maintain eye contact.
Move to a quieter location if necessary or possible
8 Ambulance Passenger
Screening Method
• Due to exigencies of their exceptional • In case the ambulance is privately owned,
medical condition/illness some passengers or hospital provided, it must be led by the
are directly taken through the Vehicle- “follow me”
gates to the aircraft for boarding. • Such an ambulance will be escorted by
• The airport operator/airline operator ASG/APSU.
should provide its own ambulance (As far • The ambulance will only have the patient,
as possible) and attendant/doctor. The relatives of the
• The passenger and all occupants of the patient will undergo pre-embarkation
vehicle should be subjected to pre- checks at the regular screening points in
embarkation check as the gate by terminal building.
ASG/APSU, under the supervision of an • The movement of the ambulance should
officer, not below rank of Inspector. be coordinated well in advance by the
• The ambulance should be permitted to airline operator with CASO and airport
proceed to the aircraft only after the operator.
checks are completed.
9 Passengers with Bandages and Dressings

• If a passenger has dressings or bandages • Do not disturb the patient’s bandages and
used to cover wounds from an injury or dressings that may cause injury or
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surgical procedure, he or she should inconvenience to the passenger.

inform the CISF officer of the location of
the dressings and/or bandages and of any
need for assistance before screening
begins.
• Passengers with dressings or bandages can
be screened using walk through metal,
detector, ETD or a thorough pat down.
Internal Medical Devices
Passengers with internal medical devices (pacemaker or defibrillator) to inform the screening
officer before screening begins.
Dos
• Screen passengers with a pat-down process.
Don'ts
• Do not screen with a metal detector as it can hamper the internal device
Screening of passenger through ETD
The following checks shall be carried out in all cases of passenger with Plaster Cast:
• 10% random check of ETD of passenger is mandatory.
• Any suspicious baggage.
• 100% check of all passengers with Plaster Cast on limb etc. with specific check of the Plaster Cast through
ETD for hidden explosives.
Complete pat down search and luggage inspection must be done
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Measures to facilitate transport/Transfer of Organs at Airport.

Purpose:
1. To ensure appropriate conditions are maintained during transport by air within a security-controlled
environment’.
To standardized transfer by air through a well-defined simplified procedure.
Policy:
All Human organs/tissues for transplant shipped or distributed through airlines shall be packed with
proper labeling, maintenance of preservation and biohazard precautions will be ensured.
Packaging:
• ‘Human Organs/ Tissues for transplant’ shall be carried as an accompanied baggage provided, they
meet the appropriate packaging requirement.
• Infectious substances, as classified in the category A or B vide UN2814/UN 2900/UN 3373 in ICAO
technical instructions for the ‘Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, 2005-2006’ and as per
the Aircraft Dangerous Goods Rule 2003 are not permitted for transport in carry-on baggage or
checked in baggage and must not be carried on person.
Screening:
• Such organs/tissues shall be exempted from security screening and will be security cleared by the
means of physical checking of the container.
• Such packages if not accompanied, must be treated as an ‘express cargo’.
• Passenger carrying such container shall not be exempted from Pre-embarkation security check.
Passenger’s responsibilities:
• Valid ID proof and Valid Travel Documents.
• A certificate in triplicate with signature, name, designation and seal of a competent authority of
Hospital /Medical Institution/EYE bank in its letter head specifically mentioned that” the
Organs/Tissues are free from pathogens.
• Packaging and sealing were done under the supervision of responsible officer from
Hospital/medical Institution/EYE bank, and it does not contain anything other than human
specimens. Carriage of such organs will not endanger the safety of Aircraft and passengers on
board.
• Passengers carrying such Organs/Tissues shall inform the airline at the earliest so that proper and urgent
facilitation may be provided on the day of travel.
• Upon reaching the airport the passenger must inform the airline regarding the carriage of exempt
human organs.
Airline responsibilities:
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Airline security staff will check and verify all the documents and being satisfied will act as under without
waste of time:
• If the package is accompanied cabin baggage, Airline security staff will escort the passenger till
his /her the aircraft.
• SHA In-charge of ASG/APSU shall be intimated by the airline security staff regarding such carriage
of human Organ etc. to avoid any delay in security checks.
• Pilot in command and cabin crew will also be intimated so that proper arrangement can be done
for carrying such organs in the cabin of the aircraft.
• Priority Landing and takeoff permission will be obtained by Air traffic control to avoid any
deterioration.
• Airline shall keep the copy of certificate issued by the authorized Hospital/Medical Institution/EYE
bank for future record.
• The container should be kept in the correct position.
• If there is a doubt about the content of the package/box airlines security staff will inform the
supervisor for further action.
ASG/APSU Responsibilities:
• The package/container marked as "Human Organ/Tissue for Transplant" should not be security
screened.
• ASG/APSU security personnel shall security clear such package by means of physical check.
• ASG/APSU security personnel in the SHA shall keep a copy of the certificate issued by the authorized
hospitals/medical institutes for future record.
• If there is any doubt about the contents, Screener will inform it to SHA In-charge for taking further
necessary action.
Diplomatic Mail Bag Procedure
Some States require that passengers granted diplomatic immunity under the Vienna Convention,
be subjected to screening.
Sealed diplomatic pouches in their possession must not be manually or physically searched. All other
carry-on items should be processed in the normal manner.
Diplomatic pouches are exempted from manual search according to Article 27, Paragraph 3 of the
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (18 Apr 1961). However, Some States suggest the
provisions of that Convention do not preclude the screening of such items by x-ray devices or other
technical methods.
Article 27 of the convention:

The diplomatic bag shall not be opened or detained.
The packages constituting the diplomatic bag must be clearly marked as a diplomatic bag.
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The diplomatic courier must have in his/her possession an official document indicating his/her status
and the number of packages constituting the diplomatic bag.
A diplomatic bag may be entrusted to a captain of a commercial aircraft.
The following points must be verified while accepting diplomatic mail bag:
• Visible external marks of their character.

• Contain only diplomatic documents or articles intended for official use.
• Name and address of the consignee as well as that of the Foreign Diplomatic Mission.
Security Controls for Diplomatic Bag:
1. Diplomatic bags to be transported as cargo / registered baggage.
• Screened by X-ray.
• In case of serious doubts / suspicion about the contents of these bags, the matter shall be brought
to the notice of the Protocol Division of the Ministry of External Affairs who would take appropriate
action.
• Such suspicious baggage shall not be transported until and unless the doubts are cleared to the
satisfaction of security staff.
2. Diplomatic bags carried as hand baggage.
• Diplomatic Bags carried as hand baggage is exempted from Security Checks provided that the
Diplomatic Courier (holder of diplomatic passport) produces official document from foreign
diplomatic mission indicating his status and number of diplomatic packages and a certificate by
concerned diplomatic mission stating that the packages constituting the diplomatic bag do not
contain any substance which would be dangerous and harmful to the aircraft or its passengers.
• Concerned courier / person will be allowed to go till the boarding gate to hand over /
receive the diplomatic bag.
• Pre-embarkation security checks shall be carried out on the person accompanying the
diplomatic bags and other bags carried by him unless exempted.
Exemption from Pre-embarkation check
Certain categories of VVIP/VIPs while travelling by air through the civilian airports in the country are
exempted from security checks as per the directions issued by the regulatory authorities from time
to time.
Boarding procedure for VVIP’s/ VIP is as follows:
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• Boarding procedure of VVIP/VIP takes place as per the local SOP of the airport keeping in mind
the sensitivity of the airport and the status of the personnel exempted.
• Boarding pass of VVIP/VIP will have exempted category stamp on it. Done by ASG/APSU.
• Exempted category sticker will be affixed on the hand baggage of the VVIP/VIP for the purpose
of identification.
• Spouse of President and Vice president is exempted from pre-embarkation check even when
they are not accompanying them.
• Spouse of all other categories are exempted from Pre-embarkation check only when they are
accompanying the VVIP/VIP.
• Children of VVIP/VIP are not exempted from Pre-embarkation check.
As per BCAS AVSEC Order 06/2015, following are the categories of personnel and there
accompanying spouse are exempted from pre-embarkation security checks: -
1. President
2. Vice President
3. Prime Minister
4. Former president
5. Governors of States
6. Former Vice president
7. Chief Justice of India
8. Speaker of Lok Sabha
9 . Union Ministers of Cabinet rank
10. Chief Ministers of States
11. Dy Chief Minister of states
12. Dy Chairman Niti Aayog
13. Leader of opposition in Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha
14. Holders of Bharat Ratan Decoration
15. Ambassadors of foreign countries, Charge D’ Affairs and High Commissioners and spouses
16. Judges of Supreme Court
17. Chief Election Commissioner
18. Comptroller/auditor General of India
19. Deputy Chairman Rajya Sabha & Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
20. Minister of State of the Union Council of Ministers
21. Attorney General of India
22. Cabinet Secretary
23. Lt. Governors of Union Territories
24. Chiefs of staffs holding the rank of full General or equivalent rank
25. Chief Justices of High courts
26. Chief Ministers of Union Territories
27. Deputy Chief Ministers of Union Territories
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28. Visiting Foreign dignitaries of the same status as at Sl. Nos. 1 to 4,7,8,9 above
29. His Holiness the Dalai Lama
30. SPG Protectee
31. Former Prime Minister of India are also exempted from pre-embarkation checks at all
civilian airports in the country.
Note:
• Spouse of the president of India is exempted from pre-embarkation security checks
at all civil airports even when he/she is not accompanying the president.
• Chairperson Lokpal is exempted from Pre-embarkation check at all civil airports in INDIA.
• Shri Ajit Doval, National Security Advisor shall be exempted from Pre-embarkation check at all
civil airports in the country.
• Spouse of Vice President of INDIA is exempted from Pre-embarkation security check at all civil
airports even when he/she is not accompanying the Vice President.
Physical Inspection of Baggage required:
•
When an X-Ray examination has not been able to accurately determine the contents of baggage
•
When a prescribed percentage check of baggage is required in the event of the breakdown of
X-Ray equipment
• As prescribed in local Standard Operating Procedures and conducted when higher level of threat
exists either locally or internationally.
When you examine the outside of the bag look for these things:-
i. Are there signs of tampering with, or repair to the outside of the bag?
a. Look for any loose wires, studs or rings which could be a safety-switch for an IED. Small
b. holes through which an IED could be armed by pushing a thin rod e.g. a knitting needle
c. through the shell of the bag.
ii. Have the handles been changed or altered?

iii. Are all screws, nuts, and rivets used in the construction of the bag the originals or have they
been replaced with other types or altered in some way?
iv. Does the bag have more locks than is normal for the type of bag?
Are there any signs of a false bottom?
Make a check on the bag for a false bottom. Use a straight edged rod to check internal and
external measurements. There should not be excessive thickness.
Sequence of Search
In outline, when you search a passenger's bag the correct sequence is:-
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i. Start the search with the bag and it’s owner in front of you. During the search the bag must
remain in the view of the passenger.
ii. Ask the passenger for permission to search the bag.
iii. When given permission to search, ask the passenger to unlock and open the bag.
iv. Turn the bag so that it faces you.
v. Check the outside appearance and construction of the bag for signs of interference or
tampering that might indicate the presence of an IED. Also check the contents of any outside
pockets.
vi. Check the contents and the inside of bag for prohibited items and dangerous goods.
vii. On completion of your search, replace all the contents neatly, close and fasten the
viii. bag.
ix. Return the Return the bag to the passenger and thank them for their cooperation.
Discovery of Explosive Device

• Remain calm
• Call supervisor covertly
• Supervisor to call for police
assistance
Discovery of Weapon
• Close the bag
• Remove it from passenger’s reach
or
• Keep the bag within the x-ray
equipment tunnel.
• Ask for relevant documents.
PROFILING and BEHAVIOUR DETECTION
Profiling is described as a systematic observation to categorize each passenger by creating a short

biographical character sketch to study certain characteristic personal manner or attitude, to decide
whether the passenger is a threat to the airline or not.
Behaviour Detection Within an aviation security environment, the application of techniques involving
the recognition of behavioural characteristics, including but not limited to physiological or gestural signs
indicative of anomalous behaviour, to identify persons who may pose a threat to civil aviation.
Unpredictability. The implementation of security measures to increase their deterrent effect and their
efficiency, by applying them at irregular frequencies, different locations and/or with varying means, in
accordance with a defined framework.
Profiling is done to detect the following:

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- A terrorist with intent to harm the airline.

- A terrorist with intent to cause damage to the terminal building, aircraft etc.
- Asylum seekers
- criminals
- Detection of fraudulent travel documents
- Traffickers of drugs, contraband, and Human Trafficking
Passenger Classification
Correct classification of passenger is the key element in security system. All passengers can be
classified as non-threatening and Threatening based on the suspicious sign in appearance and
behavior displayed by them.
Non- Threatening: - Are those passengers who does not pose any threat to the flight.
Threatening: - Are those passengers who have/ possess potential threat to the flight. These are
the passengers we need to keep a vigil on.
Threatening passengers are again of two types. The first type is that who does not know that they
pose a threat to the flight (Unaware) . While the other type of passenger is aware of this.
Types of Unaware passengers
Naïve: - Who is unaware that his/ her baggage is in- filtered with explosives.
Partly Naïve: - Who does not have any link with the terrorist organization but is not aware that he
is carrying explosives. Example, a passenger carrying an item on behalf of someone without checking
the contents. He knows that the package is not his but is totally unaware that the package given to
him is an IED.
Framed terrorist: - Is one who has connection with a terrorist organization, is carrying materials for
them, but is not aware what will be the consequences of carrying the same. Instead of the
documents, his organization has given him an IED to carry. He is being used by his own organization.
Types of Aware passenger
Terrorist/ Hijacker: - is one who will harm by creating unlawful interference and escapes from the
target to save his/ her own life. Example bombing of Kanishka, Pan Am etc.
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Suicidal Terrorist: - is one who is ready to sacrifice his own life while creating unlawful interference.
Example Suicide incident in Moscow airport.
Five Steps for Profiling
1. The Interviewing processes.

2. Threat assessment.
3. Visual profile of potential terrorist.
4. Knowledge of the information in the accompanying documents of the traveler
5. Knowledge of the average traveler.
Profiling is carried out on

• Passenger
- Business travelers
- Couples
- Traveling alone
- Traveling with Family
- Traveling with group
- Tourists
- Students
- Officials and VIPS
- Unaccompanied
- Pilgrimage
- Mourners
- Sick
- Prisoners
- Immigration deportees
• Baggage
- Carryon Baggage
- Hold Baggage
- Other items.
• Travel documents
- Passport (expired; forged; alterations; etc.)
- Visa,
- Ticket (last minute purchase; one-way ticket; uneconomical routing; etc.)
- List of documents permitted for entry into Terminal.
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Equipment or tools used for Profiling:
• X-BIS
• Explosive detectors
• Metal detectors
• Machine to check passport.
• Ultra-violet light
• Biometrics (Iris Scan; facial recognition; voice recognition; hand geometry; fingerprint)
Tools essential to the successful performance
a) Deviations from the norm. Any abnormality displayed either by the passenger, his travel documents
and/or his baggage.
b) Lessons from the Past. It is a known fact that terrorist use forged, altered or stolen passports and tickets
to hide their identity. The tickets are mostly purchased in the last minute and in cash.
c) Suspicious Signs. Any deviation from the norm along with lessons of the past is good enough to rise a
suspicion. These deviations may either be in passenger’s appearance and behavior, documentation
and/or baggage. At times in case, we see a person in possession on a weapon, it can be for a specific
reason for acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation, then it is termed as critical sign and calls for
the passenger to be handed over to the law enforcement.
d) Questioning Guidelines. Is used to confirm or resolve any suspicious sign observed during the profiling
process.
e) Positive Signs.
1. Diplomats have been through a strict security clearance process and are well known to the
Government, therefore, they are unlikely to carry out a terrorist act.
2. Designated VIPs or guests of the airline. These are well known to the airline and the public. They
may be famous artists, CEO’s, politicians, etc. There is little risk of these people being involved in a
terrorist organization.
3. Direct employees of the Airlines who present a valid employee ID card and a valid ticket. All the
airline employees go through background checks to verify the possibility of being involved with a
terrorist organization prior to begin hired.
4. Military personnel and their families usually live in secure military compounds. They are more
security conscious, and it would be more difficult for terrorists’ groups to have contact with them.
5. Frequent flyers are exposed to the airline security personnel, Immigration and Customs officials
very often. The Company has a lot of information about these people such as addresses, phone
numbers, etc.
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6. A child under 12 years is unlikely to be involved with or used by a terrorist organization to carry out
an attack due to their maturity level and lack of experience.
7. Group traveling together. It would be difficult for a terrorist to infiltrate a group without raising
suspicion as they all have a common background, known to each other, ticket issued from the same
agent etc. Terrorists would not want to be part of a group because of the reservations and
information they would have to supply.
f. The Mandatory Baggage Control Questions (MBCQ).

1. Is it your baggage?
2. Did you pack it yourself?
3. Do you know the contents?
4. Was the bag in your custody throughout?
5. Are you carrying any electronic / electrical goods?
- If yes, since how long have you owned it?
- Did you lend it to someone in the recent past?
- Has it ever been repaired?
6. Did you accept any gift / packets etc. from any other person to be carried on their behalf?
7. Note: From now till the time, you board the aircraft, do not leave your hand baggage unattended or
accept any parcel from anyone.
The First step in Profiling starts with interview. When we see someone approaching us, we form a first
impression about the person by the way the person is behaving, just by observing their gestures. This
process of recognition of behavioral characteristics and ascertaining whether a person in question is a
potential threat or not for Civil Aviation is Known as Behavior Detection. Such persons need to undergo
enhanced security screening.
It is not only the passenger who possess threat to aviation industry. Even the non-travelling public are also
a concern. Hence, we also need to consider informally interacting with non-passengers, which involves
interactive dialogue (including security interviews, casual conversation, and targeted questioning)
between trained staff and non-passengers to assess the legitimacy of the non-passenger’s presence and
their activity.
Hence, Behaviour Detection is done of three categories of persons: -
1. Passengers
2. Non-traveling persons
3. Airport staff
Profiling depends on the effectiveness of the “Behaviour detection Process” because most individual(s)
involved or in the process of doing illegal activities are unable to speak the truth and may present
fraudulent documents to mask their true intentions and identity. Its focus on the intention of individuals
instead of prohibited items carried by passengers, behavioural detection potentially allows for the
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detection of unknown threats not currently addressed by other measures in aviation security like human
trafficking, smuggling etc.
Behaviour detection is a continuous process. A person may display any abnormal sign in his behavior
while:
a) Entering inside the terminal building.
b) While at screening point.
c) While waiting at the check-in counter queue.
d) While check-in.
e) While waiting at the queue at SHA.
f) At boarding gate.
g) While boarding.
h) Inside the aircraft.
The flexibility inherent in the deployment of security staff for behavioural detection at different locations
makes it an ideal tool when unpredictable security measures are intended to be implemented in various
locations of an airport.
A) At entry gates: - in case a person shows any abnormal sign, the ASG staff shall resolve anomalous
behaviour through targeted conversation with persons and/or through additional screening at the x-
ray machines so installed near the entry gates for the purpose.
B) Any other location: - staff shall resolve anomalous behaviour through targeted conversation with
persons and/or through additional screening at the nearest location.
If anomalous behaviour cannot be resolved, refer those persons to appropriate authorities such as
your supervisor, ASG or local law enforcement.
Steps for Behavior detection

- Threat assessment
- Profile of your passenger
- Profile of potential terrorist
- Interviewing process
Passenger appearance and behavior – Suspicious signs (as mentioned below). The staff needs to ensure all
the signs displayed by the person is resolved.
A passenger who is a possible threat may be identified by the following suspicious signs:
• Sweating Shaky voice

• Nervousness Stammering
• No eye-contact. Deep sighs
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• Fumbling Grind’s teeth

• Curiosity Un-cooperating
• Gestures Undue interests in security procedures
• Face turns pale or white Contact with other passengers through signals.
• Shivering Cannot open his baggage.
• Biting lips First pax
• Biting nails Last pax
• Restless Inability to answer a question or reluctance.
SIGNS OF STRESS
- Late for flight
- Avoid eye contact with Security person.
- Yawning
- Excessive fidgeting
- Excessive perspiration
- Face pale from shaving (neck & face different color/ Fresh shaving after long time
- Facial Flushing (on neck & ear (pink &red)
- Faster eye blink rate (increases at stress point more)
- Increased breathing rate (faster/harder /Deeper & mouth opening)
- Adams Apple jump (audible gulp)
- Protruding Neck arteries
- Repetitive face touching
- Strong body odor
- Sweaty palms
- Trembling
- Whistling
SIGNS OF FEAR FACTOR

- Bag appears to be heavier and does not suit the passenger.
- Bag heavier and requires more efforts (Lift/Carrying/Hold or move and suggest or will sag, hang
or stress
- Bulges in clothing
- Cold penetrating stare
- Pure hatred in the eyes towards security personals
- Looking at others traveling associates
- Exaggerated emotions (excessive Laughter or chatter/swings/shift to one another)
- Repetitive grooming
- Hesitation
- Identical dress or Luggage (not traveling together)
- Powerful Grip on bag
- Rigid posture (limited or restricted range of movement or hiding something on torso)
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- It may be mentioned that we need to understand that all signs displayed by the passenger may
not be threating.
- Looking for security or ASG
- Unusual Interest on security
- Display arrogance (shows superior)
- Improper attire (does not match with geographical background)
- Widely opening staring eyes (white in eye very much visible)
Signs of DECEPTION
- Appear to be confused or disoriented.
- Pax. continued distracted.
- Appear to be in disguise.
- Pax. has taken observable steps to alter his/her appearance.
- Ask security related questions.
- Does not responds to authoritative commands.
- Maintain covert ties with others.
- Pax. Pats upper body with hand
It may be mentioned that we need to understand that all signs displayed by the person may not be
threatening.
A passenger may be displaying a sign of nervousness as he might be a first-time traveller or may not be
feeling well etc. Hence the staff needs to know that all signs displayed by a person may have a threatening
as well as a non-threatening reason.
Sign/ behavior Threatening reason Non-Threatening reason

Passenger or those The terrorist or drug smuggler or their Fear of flying. Passenger may be
accompanying passenger accomplices may display this Sign as intoxicated or under the influence of
display unusual nervousness they know that they are doing drugs.
or fear. something illegal and do not want to
get caught.
Passenger refuses to The terrorist/smuggler is trying to Passenger considers the screening
cooperate with security pressure or intimidate the security process to be an invasion of their
staff. agent into bypassing security privacy.
procedures that might reveal their
identity and purpose.
Passenger maintains covert Large groups generate attention Secret love affair.
ties (secret contact) with therefore terrorists/drug smugglers
others. may split up to draw less attention to
them. If one of the groups is caught
during the security check the other
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members may still be able to continue

with the operation. Coded signals,
such as nodding, may be used to signal
the progress of the mission.
Passenger rushes security The terrorist/drug smuggler is trying Passenger is late for the flight. Passenger
staff to complete to pressure the security agent into may also want to make business calls or
procedures. overlooking details that may lead to shop for duty free items before the
their capture. flight.
Passenger displays In preparation for an attack or First time fliers who are unfamiliar with
exceptional interest in movement of narcotics, the airline security, or possibly passengers
security. terrorist/drug smuggler will send that are in the security business
members of the organizations to themselves.
check out the security operation of
an airline. This is designed to ensure
the success of an operation.
Passenger arrives The terrorist/drug smuggler is trying Passenger is genuinely late for the
unusually late for flight. to put pressure on the security agent flight or is hoping for a last-minute
to overlook details that may lead to upgrade.
their capture.
Passenger insists on The terrorist has targeted a specific Passenger is travelling with others or
boarding a specific flight flight or needs to meet with other has an important business meeting
for no valid reason. members of the operation at a that they cannot miss.
specific time and place.
Appearance and behavior Experience has shown that when Company sponsored ticket.
not consistent with price planning an attack, the ideal place
of ticket. for the terrorist to be is in the front
of the plane, as near the cockpit as
possible. Due to high price, assures
the passenger a definite seat in case
of overbooking.
Passenger appears to be Maybe he is a partly naïve passenger Asylum seeker.
lying or withholding framed or a terrorist. Will
information. accompany with 1 or more signs.
Passenger possesses A terrorist. Definite Hijacker. Bonafide passenger with valid license
prohibited items such as
weapons, ammunition,
explosives etc.
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Passenger wearing loose Terrorist planning a hijack. Hiding Maybe not feeling well. May be
clothing or clothing weapons. travelling to a colder place or may be
that can conceal weapons carrying excess baggage.
strapped up to body.
Passenger refuses to The terrorist/smuggler is trying to Passenger considers the screening
cooperate with security pressure or intimidate the security process to be an invasion of their
staff. agent into bypassing security privacy.
procedures that might reveal their
identity and purpose.
Action to be taken in case a suspicious behavior is detected:
• Keep surveillance on the passenger (preferable electronic)

• Inform Supervisor
• Ask questions.
Casual conversation- Interview

• Extended conversation, Voluntarily informal interview
• Resolving anomalies behavior exhibited by high-risk individuals.
• Observe, ask & listen (stress/fear/ deception)
• Ask non-threatening/non-coercive question.
• Ask trip story (may be pleasure, business or personal/ originating/coming back)
• Additional casual conversation with Security Officer or ASG.
Purpose of Questioning
A person can be an innocent non- threatening passenger if has a logical reason for the sign. To eliminate
this, we need to ask question. Asking questions will identify signs that are truly suspicious. It is a process
of asking a passenger, questions to determine whether he potentially possess a threat to flight.
RESOLVE To find a logical, legitimate reason behind a suspicious sign which you can believe, therefore
the sign is no longer considered suspicious. The passenger is then classified as regular/ non-threatening
passenger.
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CONFIRM Unable to find a logical, legitimate reason behind a suspicious sign, therefore the sign is
considered truly suspicious. The passenger is then classified as selectee or threatening passenger and
will be subjected to enhanced security procedure.
Questioning Techniques
- Use open ended questions.
- Do not ask closed questions.
- Do not ask leading questions.
Building Rapport
- Co-operative
- Positive Interactions
- Ask non-threatening questions.
- Keep a neutral casual tone at the start.
- Listen actively and carefully.
- Practice self-awareness
Behaviour detection Security Officer should refrain from:

- Resolving any behavior.
- Asking for any ID or travel documents.
- Searching Personnel property
- Antagonizing questions.
- Persisting in engaging passenger (If he/she does not speak to you)
Points to remember:
Inconsistencies in behavior
• Are the persons action consistent with his words?
• Place the person’s action in context of the situation.
• Observe changes in behavior.
• Body’s attempt to attain equilibrium.
• Watch the person while posing question and his answers.
• Do not come to conclusion on a single sign / gesture.
He should then handover the passenger/ person in concern to his supervisor, who will then apply
additional security measures like checking of documents, screening of baggage etc. to confirm the
suspicion.
Baggage (Check-in / Hand baggage and any item on person) – Suspicious signs
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The baggage of a passenger who is a possible threat may also provide signs for suspicion. These may
be:
- Profile of passenger does not match to the type of baggage.

- Baggage not matching with profession declared.
- Baggage not matching with class of travel or duration of trip.
- Baggage contents are confusing – not matching travel requirements.
- Passenger not having the baggage keys or does not know how to open the baggage.
- Name on the baggage does not match with the name on the ticket.
- Passenger carrying weapons, explosives, prohibited articles & Dangerous goods.
It may be mentioned that we need to understand that all signs displayed by the person may not be
threatening.

Baggage and/or Baggage being carried by a The passenger may have borrowed the
contents of terrorist/drug smuggler is baggage.
baggage not always packed by the
inconsistent with same person completing
passenger’s the mission. It is therefore
appearance, possible that the person
profession, ticket carrying the bag is not
class or familiar with its contents or
description of dressed in a manner
contents. consistent with the cost of
the actual baggage.
Passenger claims It is not his baggage, may Might have forgotten the code number or left
not to have be belonging to terrorist or the keys at home.
baggage keys or is carrying an IED.
does not know
how to open
baggage.
Name on Baggage Baggage belongs to third May have borrowed a baggage from
does not match party i.e., Terrorist someone. Maybe the bag belongs to some
name on ticket family member.
or passport.
Amount of This sign indicates the May be transferred or on immigration visa.

baggage unusual possibility that the
to ticketed passenger is not carrying
Itinerary. his own baggage or is
carrying no baggage at all.
His true intentions and the
purpose of journey is to
hijack.
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Documents - Suspicious Signs

The travel documents of a passenger may also provide signs for suspicion. The signs may be:
- Last minute purchase of ticket

- One-way ticket.
- Unusual / uneconomical routing of the ticketed
- Ticket appears to be corrected forged or stolen.
- Passport appears to be forged, altered or otherwise invalid.
- Name on the passport does not match with the name on ticket.
- Personal identification information does not match with that on Passport.
- Passenger not familiar with the details in travel documents
- Passenger originating from a suspicious country.
- Passenger’s nationality does not match with his / her profile.
Action to be taken in case a suspicious passenger is detected: -
- Keep surveillance on the passenger (preferable electronic)

- Inform Supervisor
- Check baggage thoroughly.
- Ask questions.
- Verify documents.
- Inform ASG
- Frisk thoroughly
Remember if a person is displaying a suspicious sign, it does not mean that he is of potential threat.

Passenger unable to A terrorist/drug smuggler may Some countries recognize several different
speak language of have been given a stolen national languages, and it is possible that the
country of passport. foreign passport to hide their passenger is from a region in the country that
identity but does not know speaks a dialect different to the principal one.
how to speak the national
language associated with the
document.
Passenger unfamiliar A terrorist/drug smuggler may Imposter. Asylum seekers.
with the ticket and or have been given a stolen
passport information. passport to hide their identity.
Ticket purchased within A terrorist hiding his identity. Maybe traveling on business meeting
24 hours of travel. Last minute tickets are most planned at the last minute.
expensive, hence will not be
offloaded by airlines. Specific
target.
One-way ticket On a specific mission. Maybe a student or traveling on work permit.
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Unusual routing of the Terrorist wants to hide his Long route tickets are generally cheaper.
ticketed itinerary identity
Name on the passport Terrorist travelling on forged Typo error, name change after marriage,
does not matches with documents. middle name not included or even in few
the name on ticket. countries nick names are commonly used.
Ticket may be booked by third party so
misspelt name.
A sign may either be resolved or confirmed with the help of interview process, document check and/or baggage
checks. If the sign is resolved, a person may be allowed to travel. However, if the sign is confirmed, then the person
must be made a Selectee and Selectee search procedure may be applied to.
Even if a passenger with positive sign displays any suspicious sign in behaviour, documentations or baggage, the
sign so displayed needs to be resolved first.
Selectee is a passenger when he / she displays at least one confirmed suspicious sign, indicating that he / she is a
threat to the Airline or the Airport in some way or other.
A thorough inspection of the contains of the baggage, screening of empty baggage and frisking of such passengers
would be done in a private screening area. At least 2 screeners of same gender would be available to conduct such
search. After the search is completed until the time the passenger boards the aircraft, he shall be always in
supervision of a security staff.
Characteristics of Profiler
- Alertness
- Awareness
- Experience
- Endurance
- Sufficient knowledge
- Flexible
- Good Interpersonal Skills
- Good Team Member and
- Quick decision maker.
COURTESY AND BEHAVIOUR expected from the profiler.
Courtesy and Behaviour at the airport:

- Image of the organization
- Satisfied customer is the best goodwill promoter.
- High Profile personnel travel through airport
- Larger Media publicity
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Personal Presentation:
- Good Appearance
- Posture / gesture while dealing with the passenger.
- Clothing – pressed, neat, and clean (good turnout)
- Facial expression / body language
- Good and effective communication skills.
- Conversation with passenger- Fresh breath, voice tone /voice modulation
- Right staff at right place at the right time.
DO’S AND DON’T’S for staff
D O’s
- Positive Attitude.
- Well conversation.
- Smiling face
- Honesty
- Cooperation with the passenger
DONT’s
- Do not chew, eat during dealing with passenger.
- Do not give wrong information.
- Do not relax during duty.
- Do not irritate on the behavior of pax.
- Do not lose temper.
Never ignore a bad security impression.
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PROTECTION OF AIRCRAFT
Procedures for normal conditions

• Aircraft crew and maintenance staff to challenge and identify all persons attempting to board the
aircraft to ensure only authorized people allowed on board.
• Where security staff are operating in the on or around the aircraft, they should identify all persons
approaching, or attempting to access the aircraft or any part thereof.
• SRA pass holders are obligated to challenge persons without appropriate identification on display
while in the SRA or attempting to board an aircraft.
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• Aircraft not in service should have all access points secured, access stairs or passenger loading
bridges removed. Stairs left near aircraft should be immobilized.
Procedure for Increased threat condition

• Increased threat situation requires the airline concerned to coordinate all security measures and
ensure procedures and measures are properly implemented.
• Dedicated point guards in close proximity to each aircraft
• Increased frequent random foot or mobile security patrols.
• Additional portable security lighting and backup power supply.
Control of Access to the aircraft
• During periods of increased threat, security staff must be positioned to observe, challenge,
identify and authorize access.
• Check the credentials of all persons seeking access to the immediate vicinity or to the interior of
the aircraft and confirming that each has a legitimate requirement for that access.
• Search persons, bags, tools and cleaning equipment to ensure they do not conceal weapons,
explosives and/or their components. Detect and/or deter unauthorized access, and report to the
captain, airline representatives or security authorities any attempted or unauthorized access and
/or discovery of suspect or prohibited items.
Airline Procedures for Unattended Aircraft
• Aircraft are parked in a well-lit area.

• The area should be easily observed.
• All external doors must be closed.
• Aircraft should be parked away from fences or buildings to prevent easy access.
• Access stairs, passenger loading bridges and hold loading equipment must be removed from the
vicinity of the aircraft and immobilized.
Guarding Duties
• Establish the integrity of the aircraft upon taking up duty.

• Search for suspect explosive devices in immediate area.
• Challenge all persons approaching aircraft.
• Check authorization of persons claiming a need to access the aircraft.
• Make visual inspection of the exterior.
Aircraft Intrusion
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• A Security Search of aircraft must be conducted.

• Carried out by airline personnel or security staff who are properly trained for aircraft type.
• In accordance with airline’s specific procedures
Aircraft Security Checks / Searches
Why must an aircraft search be carried out?

There are legal and business reasons for carrying out aircraft searches.
What should the Searchers look for?

• That should not be there / out of place.
• That cannot be accounted for
When to search?
There are 4 instances when searches are usually conducted:
• Pre-flight;
• Transit Flight;
• Post flight; and
• When the Aircraft is under increased threat.
Guidelines for Pre-Flight Security Check
• The search should normally be carried out just prior to the time that the aircraft is taken into
service.
• Regular search of aircraft for suspect explosive devices and weapons shall be conducted prior to
commencing each flight. A similar search will be required when an aircraft is suspected of being
the target of an act of unlawful interference.
• Aircraft operators shall conduct pre-flight security checks only after all maintenance and cleaning
staff have vacated the aircraft and prior to passengers embarking; Flight and cabin crew, besides
engineering and security staff, may conduct these checks provided they are adequately trained.
• A security checklist shall be use by airlines staff during such preflight security checks.
• Aircraft operators shall ensure that an aircraft is protected from unauthorized interference from
the time the aircraft search or check has commenced until the aircraft departs.
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Guidelines on Pre-Flight Security Check for Transit Flights
Searches for Transit Flights are necessary

when:
• Passengers disembark at the transit station.

• Any catering supplies or stores are loaded.
• Passengers remaining on board must identify their belongings before the search commences.
• If no passengers disembark, remain in a sterile area and access is limited to persons authorized
and supervised by the airline or its handling agent, no search may be required.
Guidelines on Security Check for Post Flights
• Post-flight searches are usually conducted of the areas to which passengers may have had access to
ensure that nothing is left on board that may cause a hazard to the aircraft.
• When an aircraft that has disembarked passengers and has had a post-flight search it may not need
to be searched again before departure provided that access has been controlled throughout the
time it is on the ground. (Local procedures will apply)
When the Aircraft is under increased threat
Apply SOP
Note: The Security Supervisor shall ensure that the Aircraft Release certificate is signed by all the
concerned departments and signature is obtained from the Commander of the flight.
A copy of the signed aircraft release certificate shall be kept for record with the security department and
will be put up for scrutiny during checks and audit by the BCAS officers.
Responsibility for Searches

Searches are to be conducted by the staff members most familiar with the area they are searching,
therefore:
Flight crew and designated airline engineer staff are usually responsible for searching all those areas that
have a direct bearing on the safe operation of the aircraft including:
• Aircraft cockpit.
• Wheel bays
• Exterior of the aircraft and control surfaces.
• Engine nacelles; and
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• Technical areas.
Cabin Crew and/or trained Security staff are usually responsible for searching the interior of the aircraft
including:
• Passenger cabins.
• Seats
• Baggage storage lockers
• Lavatories / WC
• Galleys; and
• Other areas such as the baggage hold A Checklist should be employed and samples will be
provided later in module.
Action on locating a SUSPECT ITEM

Action by Searcher:
• Do not touch.
• Notify supervisor.
• Evacuate Aircraft
• Remember description of object/item.
• Mark area where object item is located.
Action by supervisor:
• Inform airline manager.
• Inform crew if already on board.
• Inform airport manager (Airport Operator)
• Inform BDDS.
Security Controls by the Caterer
1. Officer to supervise Security Controls.

2. Perimeter as per BCAS Mandate (8 ft and 1.5 ft wire)
3. Premises secured with CCTV coverage. CCTV room to manned 24X7.
4. Access control
5. Personnel employed for preparation and delivery of catering supplies – regular employee and should
have undergone Security Awareness Training.
6. Deliveries of Raw material and equipment to be X-rayed or physically checked.
7. Chilling rooms and refrigerators under strict control
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8. Catering carts should have proper locking systems.

9. Security certificate for each consignment to be loaded in aircraft.
10. HLV’s should be securable.
11. Inventory of all stocks including security sticker/seal and Knives & cleavers.
12. In case of external service provider, it should be security cleared.
13. Items like POS, Credit Card machine etc if cannot be screened will not be a part of Catering stores or
supplies.
No airline operator shall accept any catering items for loading in the aircraft unless a written contract is
signed between both the agencies (Air operator & the caterer)
Stages of Catering Security
1. Preparation
2. Pre-Setting
3. Hi-lift/ Transportation
• The airline security personnel will be present at the catering facility to closely supervise the pre-
setting of the catering uplift and while placing them into the meal carts / containers.
• They will ensure that no unauthorized personnel have access to the catering uplift.
• All security checked / cleared catering uplift will be sealed prior to loading into the hi-lift van/
vehicle.
• Hi-lift van / vehicle will be checked for any prohibited and dangerous item prior to
• loading of the security cleared catering uplift.
• The HLV should be properly maintained and the rolling shutters on both sides should have
provision for locking arrangements and during an operation the shutters should be locked and
sealed.
• The transportation of the catering uplift from the catering facility to the airport /aircraft shall be
done under escort and strict supervision by the airline security officials/ catering officials.
• While transferring the catering uplift from the HLV to the aircraft, airline security official shall
check the seals affixed at catering facility for any traces of tampering and then handover the
same to the cabin crew.
• All security stickers/ seals will be always kept under safe custody and a proper
• record of the security seals used for sealing the catering uplift and HLV will be maintained.
• Record to be maintained for a minimum of 07 Days.
Systematic Search of a Food Trolley
• Search under the food trolley and check locks.

• Open both ends of the trolleys and look for anything unusual inside the trolley.
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• Check the trays for unusual weight.

• Search the top part of the trolley namely the ice tray.
• Seal the trolley once it has been security cleared.
Security Controls for Newspapers and Cleaning supplies etc.
Newspapers, magazines, cleaning stores and supplies or any other item for loading in the aircraft must be
subjected to the following security controls: -
• The stores and supplies have been obtained from an establishment with whom the air operator has
a written contract for the purpose.
• The stores and supplies have been searched by hand or X-ray screened to prevent the introduction
of any prohibited article.
• Before allowing access to the aircraft, the cleaning staff shall be frisked, and all the articles carried by
them checked properly by the airline operator.
• Any other security controls prescribed by the DG, BCAS.
Response to Tampering of Security Seals/ Stickers
• Inform the supervisor immediately.

• Carry out a thorough check of the HLV, catering uplift for any suspicious items.
• Record the incident.
Protecting Cargo, Mail and Couriers
Agencies involved in movement of Cargo

Agency INVOLVEMENT
Consigner One Who sends consignment
Known consigner Originator of property, who provides security to cargo and

approved by BCAS.
Consignee To whom the consignment is sent.
Agent Provide link between consigner and airline.
Regulated Agent Provide security to cargo and approved by BCAS.
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Account Customer Works under airline or regulated agent. Provide security control
to consignment (Conducts business at least 04 times in a year).
Freight Forwarder The carrier of consignment.
Types of Cargo
• General Cargo
• Perishable Cargo (PER)
• Valuable Cargo (VAL)
• Live animals (AVI)
• Diplomatic mail (DIP)
• Company Stores ( Comail / Comat)
• Human Remains (HUM)
• Transhipment Cargo
• Express cargo / parcel
Consignments that are treated as

cargo
• Courier
• Postal mail
Transportation of Air Cargo
Air cargo may be transported by air, both on passenger and cargo-only aircraft. Many large airlines have
very few cargo-only aircraft in comparison to the size of their fleet. Air cargo may also be transport by
truck/haulier on a pre or post flight sector, depending on regional or national legislation.
Transportation of Air Cargo involves operations at three levels:

• Consigners (individual or companies) who send items of cargo by air,
• Agents who provide a link between consigners and airlines;
• Airlines, which carry the Cargo.
How cargo moves
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Why is cargo vulnerable / attractive target for terrorist attacks?
• Volume carried increasing – Aircraft is seen as fastest mode of transportation

• Cargo system well known
• Able to target specific flights
• Difficult to screen – Nature and size of cargo
• Low risk to terrorist – cannot be identified after the attacks.
Need For Cargo Security:

Security standards throughout the civil aviation industry have improved over the years and that the
potential terrorist has had to adjust accordingly, choosing a softer (more vulnerable) point of attack.
Preventive Security
A degree of security can be achieved by a number of complimentary measures including but not limited
to:
• Prevention of explosive devices being placed into consignments at source;
• The maintenance of the security of consignments once declared secure; and
• The devotion of maximum effort to screening cargo consignments whose security cannot be readily
determined.
Cargo Acceptance Procedures:

• Visual inspection of consignment to establish evidence of tampering
• Check of shipping documentation
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• Establishing the identity of the consignor/ person delivering

• Protecting the consignment from unlawful interference from the time of acceptance
• Consignment security declaration form to be filled by the consignor delivering the goods.
Protection of Cargo
• Cargo and mail to be carried on an aircraft are protected from unauthorized interference from
the point security controls are applied until departure of the aircraft.
• Before cargo is loaded into the aircraft, aircraft operator’s security, staff to ensure that no cargo
consignment is allowed unless it has passed through the prescribed security control.
• After security check of the cargo consignments, security sticker to be pasted / affixed.
• Security measures as mentioned above shall be specifically indicated in the cargo manifest
which should signed by Airlines Security & APSU/ASG before it is loaded in the aircraft.
Methods for Screening Cargo:
• Profiling
o Visual Checks of cargo including document checks
• Screen by X-ray
o For prohibited / objectionable items
• Search by Hand
o In case X-ray Machine is not available / cannot be x-ray screened due to size etc.
o Cargo which is segregated from X-ray BIS must be physically examined to confirm that it is not
hazardous
o While the physical check is being carried out and if the security staff notices some explosive material
with allied gadgets, it should not be further examined. Such items must be segregated and
immediate superior must be informed.
• Cooling Off
o In case X-ray & physical checks is not possible then the cargo is required to be cooled off and
adequate entry in register for the same is to be made. Cooling off may also be required on the cargo
consignment which is doubtful. Such consignment is left for 24 hrs cooling off on ground, before it
is sent to the aircraft. If this cargo contains an IED with time/delay mechanism it explodes on the
ground, thus ensuring the aircraft is safe.
NOTE: This will only be resorted to when all the other tests mentioned above could not be carried out or
still doubt exists in the mind of the security staff, even after carrying out the test, that the consignment
could be dangerous.
• Use of ETD / EVD - As per regulation
• Metal detectors
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• Flight Simulation chamber (Decompression Chamber)
It is cylindrical vessel mounted on a concrete slab with chamber walls

which can withstand the pressure of 05kgs of TNT. It operates on the
principle of activating explosive device in suspect object by simulating
physical condition in a real journey.
Security Control of Normal / General Cargo (As per Avsec Circular 08/2008)
Cargo can be security cleared by:
- X-Ray Screening
- Physical Checking
- If not cleared by above two methods then to be cooled off for 24 Hours.
Apart from the above security measures staff will also ensure following aspects:
- Affixing of prescribed security sticker on the cleared consignments

- Prescribed Security Declaration from Cargo Agent
- Manifest indicating Security control against each consignment
- Protection of security cleared cargo
- Escorting of cargo consignment.
Security Measures for carriage of Dead bodies/human Cremated Remains
In case of movement from a station within India

• Death Certificate from a competent Medical Authority;
• Embalming Certificate by the Hospital/competent Authority;
• Permission by the local Police Authorities for carrying dead body/human remains;
• Any document like Driving licence or Passport or any other Photo ID Card issued by a Govt./semi-
Govt. agency to establish identity of the deceased.
In case of transportation from a Foreign Station

• Death Certificate from a competent Medical Authority;
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• Embalming Certificate by the Hospital/competent Authority;

• Certificate by the local Police Authority for carriage of dead body/human remains;
• Permission from the Indian Mission for carriage;
• Copies of cancelled passport of the deceased.
1. Identity of the relative/person who accompanies the dead body/human remains shall be established.
2. In case no relative/person accompanies the dead body/human remains the consignment will be
screened through X-ray, to ensure that it does not contain any prohibited/dangerous item.
3. In the absence of X-ray machine at a particular station, dead body/human remains shall be inspected
visually by a responsible employee of the aircraft operator to ensure that the consignment has dead
body/human remains only and nothing else which may endanger safety of the flight.
Security Measures for Mail
Letters or parcels weighing less than

200 grams
• These may not be X-ray screened or may not be subjected to
cooling off period.
• A Certificate to the effect that the postal bag does not contain any letter or parcel which weighs
more than 200 grams, shall be obtained by the airline operator from the Postal authorities.
• Airline Operator will ensure that the postal bags with suspected sign of tampering en-route shall be
segregated and subjected to additional security controls; and
• If the suspicious bag cannot be checked physically it shall not be accepted for carriage.
Letters or parcels weighing 200 grams and above

Duties of the postal authorities
• The postal authorities will screen the postal mail bags by X-ray machine at their premises.
• If X-ray machine is not available, the mail shall be subjected to cooling off for at least 24 hours.
• The Postal authorities shall issue a Certificate to the airline operator certifying that the security
measures have been fully complied with and the mail or speed post, as the case may be, does not
contain any prohibited item.
Airline duties
(a) The mail is handled by the regular and duly trained staff of the airline operator;
(b) The security staff of the airline operator shall check the condition of the mail bags and
accompanied security certificate(s) as specified in these rules. Postal bags with suspected sign of
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tampering en-route shall be segregated and subjected to additional security controls; and
(c) The airline operator shall x-ray screen all the mail bags.
(d) In case of suspicious on such baggage shall be checked physically in the presence of an official of
the postal authority. If the suspicious bag cannot be checked physically due to one reason or the
other, the same shall not be accepted by Aircraft Operator.
(e) If any prohibited article is detected during screening of mail/ speed post, the aircraft operator
shall withhold such mail initiate legal action.
Diplomatic mail bag (Reference Avsec Order 05/2002)
The following points must be verified while accepting diplomatic

mail bag:
• Visible external marks of their character
• Contain only diplomatic documents or articles intended
for official use.
• Name and address of the consignee as well as that of
the Foreign Diplomatic Mission / Consular Post a sender.
Security Controls for Diplomatic Bag:
1. Diplomatic bags to be transported as cargo / registered baggage

• Screened by X-ray
• In case of serious doubts / suspicion about the contents of these bags, the matter shall be brought
to the notice of the Protocol Division of the Ministry of External Affairs who would take appropriate
action.
• Such suspicious baggage shall not be transported until and unless the doubts are cleared to the
satisfaction of security staff.
2. Diplomatic bags carried as hand baggage

• Diplomatic Bags carried as hand baggage is exempted from Security Checks
• Concerned courier / person will be allowed to go till the boarding gate to hand over / receive the
diplomatic bag
• Pre-embarkation security checks shall be carried out on the person accompanying the diplomatic
bags and other bags carried by him should be security checked
• The holder of a diplomatic bag must submit a certificate by concerned diplomatic mission stating
that the packages constituting the diplomatic bag do not contain any substance which would be
dangerous and harmful to the aircraft or its passengers.
Courier and Express Consignments
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For acceptance of courier loads by an airline:
• The courier company has been duly registered with the airline operator; and
• It has established and implemented a security programme approved by the Appropriate Authority.
The airline will ensure that:
• the consignment has been handed over personally by a responsible person of the organisation;
• Consignment is accompanied by a Courier Certificate from the authorized signatory of such
organisation.
• The courier bag has been properly marked externally to facilitate identification with the relevant
courier;
• The courier to whom such bag belongs has checked-in for the flight on which it is to be carried ;
• If a courier checked-in for a flight is not on board the aircraft, his bags shall be off-loaded from
the aircraft and shall not be carried on that flight.
Security Measures
• - Screening through x-ray
• - Each baggage/ bag being viewed from two different angles and
• - 15 % Physical check on continuous random basis.
• Unaccompanied courier bags shall be treated as express cargo and shall be subjected to the same
security controls as specified for express cargo.
• If any prohibited article is detected during the course of screening, such consignment shall not be
allowed to be loaded into the aircraft and legal action initiated against the consignor.
• After application of the prescribed security controls, sterility of the cargo/ express cargo/ courier
bags etc, whether inside or outside the aerodrome premises, shall be maintained until such time
that these are placed on board aircraft. The screened items shall not be left unguarded at any stage
until departure of the aircraft.
• Tamper-proof security stickers bearing serial number and date shall be affixed on the screened
cargo/ express cargo/ courier bags, indicating clearly the type of security controls applied to them.
Carriage of High Risk Cargo and Mail (HRCM)
Cargo or Mail which is deemed to pose a threat to civil aviation as a result of specific intelligence or
shows anomalies or signs of tampering which give rise to suspicion.
Security measures for HRCM (Reference NCASP- 7.8.13.1)
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A . A combination of X-ray screening with following additional screening methods shall be adopts
• Explosive Detection Dogs (EDD); or
• Explosive Trace Detection (ETD); or
• Physical hand search
B . For mail or cargo below 500 gms

• Dual view x-ray equipment; or
• Single view x-ray equipment, provided that every item is examined from at least two different
by the same screener.
Security Controls for Trans-shipment cargo
Trans-shipment cargo is a consignment of Cargo originating from an airport within or outside India which
arrives at an aircraft operator / Regulated Air Cargo agent’s premises in India, with a valid flight number
for carriage on another flight from any airport in India.
For cargo originating from India for a foreign station:

- Consignment Security Declaration
- All security measures to be followed as originating cargo
- Escorted till aircraft
For bonded cargo transiting at an Indian airport for further transportation to a foreign station:
- Appropriate documentation will be examined and confirmed as accurate.
- Escorted to departure aircraft
For cargo originating from a foreign station:

- Appropriate documentation will be examined and confirmed as accurate.
- In case of any discrepancy in the documentation, this will be resolved and a record made of the
discrepancies.
- In case the discrepancies remain unresolved, the consignment will be treated as Unknown Cargo and
screened accordingly.
- Escorted to departure aircraft
- In case the bonded / transhipment cargo moves through landside, it will be treated as originating cargo
and screened accordingly.
Security Measures for Perishable Cargo:
Articles Which Are Liable To Deteriorate Or Perish Due To Changes In Climate, Altitude, Temperature Or
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Any Other Normal Exposure Inherent To Carriage Of Cargo By Air, Or Length Of Time Etc.
Security Measures
• Security Declaration by the consignor
• X-ray Screening
• Physical Checks
• EDS
Security measures for Company mail (Comail) and Company material (Comat)
Comail: Aircraft operator company mail, shipped within the company’s network of stations.
Comat: Aircraft operator company materials, shipped within the company’s network of stations.
Security Measures
• Security Declaration by concerned department signed by a responsible person

• X-ray Screening or
• Physical Checks
Note: Comail / Comat containing Dangerous Goods to be referred to personnel qualified in handling
Dangerous Goods for carriage.
Security Measures for Live animals (AVI)
Live animals may be carried as Cargo or as registered baggage. Adequate security measures needs to be
carried out for transportation of the same.
• Certificate from Veterinary Doctor – if carried as registered baggage

• Cage / Box to be examined
o Physical / X-ray
• Items attached to the body of animal to be examined
• Live Animals not to be put through X-ray
Security of Cargo Complex at airports
• Entry/Exit to Cargo Complex and Sterile Area beyond cargo screening points at the airports shall be
guarded by ASG / APSU at all airports.
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• All airport operators to create a Sterile Hold Area in the Cargo Complex at airports by erecting
concrete walls or wire mesh.
CONTINGENCY PLAN (BTCP, AHCP, CTCP)
Points BTCP AHCP CTCP
Drafted/ circulated by BCAS BCAS BCAS
Prepared by Airport operator Airport Operator. it is Airport operator and

only the mock exercise ASG.
plan which is made by
ASG approved by
BCAS and then mock
exercise is conducted
With the concern of Template issued by Template issued by Airport director
BCAS BCAS and SP of local
police.
Vetted and final DG,BCAS DG,BCAS DG,BCAS
approval by
Framed and reviewed in Every 05 year Every 05 year Every 05 year
Independent force framed Bomb Threat Review Anti Hijacking Counter Terrorist
Committee (BTRC) Task Force Task Force (CTTF)
(AHTF)
NOTE: -Anti Hijacking Task Force (AHTF), Counter Terrorist Task Force (CTTF) assigned to NSG.
LEVEL OF THREATS
In order to ensure the effective application of preventative security measures, the level of threat shall be
continually reviewed by the BCAS on intelligence inputs and taking into account the domestic and
international situations.
There are three levels of threat
1. Baseline/ - Indicates that any aircraft operator or airport has been targeted for attack, or there may be
the possibility of unlawful interference.
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2. Intermediate– Indicates that there is a probability that one or more aircraft operator and/or airports
are targeted for attack.
3. High– Indicates that one or more aircraft operators and/or airports are specifically targeted for attack.
CATEGORIZATION OF AIRPORT
NORMAL
HYPERSENSITIVE
AIRPORTS (28) SENSITIVE AIRPORTS (62)
AIRPORTS (28)
Andal Adampur Kannur Agartala

Ambikapur Aurangabad Khajuraho Bagdogra
Bhatinda Agatti Kheria Bangalore
Bareilly Bhuj Lilabari Chennai
Bhavanagar Kullu Manali Lengpui Chaudhary
Charan Singh
Belgaum Biju Patnaik Patna Chatrapati
Shivaji
Bikaner Civil Beas Ludhiana HAL Airport
Bilaspur Bisra Munda Maharana Pratap Hyderabad
Coochbehar Calicut Mangalore Rajiv Gandhi
International
Gwalior Chandigarh Mysore Imphal Airport
Hisar Cochin Madurai Jaipur
Hubli Coimbatore HAL OZAR Jammu
Veer Sundar Sai Dabolim Shri Guru Govind Singh ji, Juhu
Airport Nanded
keshod Jolly Grand Naini Saini Airport Kargil
Pithoragarh
Kota Dibrugarh Pantnagar Leh Kushok
Bakula Rimpochee
Kohlapur Dimapur Porbandar Lokpriya
Gopinath Bordoloi
Pakyong Diu Prayagraj Netaji Subhash
Chandra Bose
Puduchery Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Rajahmundry Pune
Puttaparthy Dr. Babasaheb Raja Bhoj Pathankot
Ambadekar
Pasighat Gaya Surat Swami Vivekanand
Raigarh Gorakhpur Shimla Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel
Salem Hindon Silchar Guru Ramdas jee
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Shridi Jorhat Tezpur Srinagar

Sholapur Jagdalpur Tirupati Safdarjung
Sonari Jamnagar Tiruchirappalli Thoise
Tuticorin Jaisalmer Thiruvananthapuram Lal Bahadur
Shastri Airport
Vijay Nagar Airport Jabalpur Barapani, Shillong
Kangra Vadodra
Kanpur Veer Savarkar, Portblair
Kandla Vishakhapatnam
Kishangarh Vijaywada
LIST OF AIRPORTS WHERE HIJACKED AIRCRAFT CAN BE ALLOWED TO LAND IN INDIA
1. Mumbai 2. Kolkata
3. Chennai 4. Bangalore
5. Hyderabad 6. Chandigarh
7. Ahmadabad 8. Guwahati
9. Jaipur 10. Nagpur
11. Trivandrum 12. Lucknow
Note: - Hijacked aircraft is not allowed to land at Delhi Airport.
IN-DEPTH SECURITY(RINGS OF PROTECTION)
The three rings or protection are

OUTER PROTECTIVE RING MIDDLE RING OF PROTECTION INNER RING OF PROTECTION
Boundary /perimeter, Includes Exterior of buildings, terminals or Vulnerable points, building

fencing, lighting, signs and situated within airport boundaries areas and aircraft requiring
alarms outer posts like naka, for physical protection like doors, maximum protection come
morcha etc.comes in this ring of windows, roofs, skylights. in this ring of protection.
protection. Patrolling, guarding and
surveillance of open areas like
runway and apron come in this ring
of protection.
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RADIO-TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION
PHRASE MEANING
ACKNOWLEDGE “Let me know that you have received and understood this
message” or “ I acknowledge understanding the message”
AFFIRM “ Yes”
APPROVED “Permission for proposed action granted”
CANCEL “Annul the previously transmitted clearance”

CHECK “Examine a system or procedure”
CLEARED “Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified”
CONFIRM “Have I correctly received the message” or “Did you correctly

receive the information”
CORRECT That is Correct

CORRECTION “ An error is made in this transmission (or message indicated).
The correct version is….
DISREGARD “ Consider the transmission as not sent”
GO AHEAD “ Proceed with the message”

REPEAT I repeat for clarity and/”or emphasis
NEGATIVE “Permission not granted” or “That is not correct” or “No”
OVER “ My transmission has ended, and I expect a response from you”
OVER AND OUT “My transmission has ended, and I do not expect a response
from you”
READ BACK “ Repeat a, or specific part, of the message back to me as

received”
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REPORT “Pass me the following information…” or “Report to …..

Position/place”
SAY AGAIN “ Repeat all, or the following part, of your last transmission”
ROGER THAT “ I have received your communication”
STANDBY “Wait and I will call you”

VERIFY “ Check and confirm with originator”
LIST OF PHONETIC ALPHABETS.
Alphabet Call Alphabet Call
A Alfa N November
B Bravo O Oscar
C Charlie P Papa
D Delta Q Quebec
E Eco R Romeo
F Foxtrot S Sierra
G Golf T Tango
H Hotel U Uniform
I India V Victor
J Juliet W Whiskey
K Kilo X X-Ray
L Lima Y Yankee
M Mike Z Zulu
LIST OF PHONETIC FIGURES
Number Call Number Call
0 ZE-RO 5 FIFE
1 WUN 6 SIX
2 TOO 7 SEV-EN
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3 TREE 8 AIT
4 FOW-RE 9 NIN-ER
NOTE:
1. In case of darkness either in night or in bad weather condition radio communication should be
established on every half an hour.
In normal situation radio communication should be established after every one hour.
In case of any suspected devices is found radio communication should not be established in the
range of 25 meters from the device, having the possibility that rays sensitive (Ambient) switch
mechanism could have been used in the device.
COMMITTEES ON HIJACKING
Name of Type of Body Venue Chairman Convener Members

committee
CCS (Cabinet Apex body PMO PM PM PM, DM, MEA, MHA,

Committee on MCA.(FM is not
Security) member but will
attend if called by
PM)
COSAH/ Advisory body Rashtrapati Cabinet Addl. Secretaries of all
CMG. Bhawan secretary Secretary concerned ministries,
(Committee of (cabinet DG(CISF), DG(NSG),
Secretaries on secretariat) Director (IB),
Aircraft Secretary (RAW),
Hijacking) Chief of air staff ops (
IAF)
CC (Central Executive body ATC Tower, DGCA DG,BCAS Joint secretary (MCA),
Committee) IGI Airport IG(CISF – airport
sector), CASO IGI
airport. IG(NSG),
Joint Director (IB),
Special secretary
(RAW), Asst
chief of air staff,
Negotiators
(Psychiatrist,
Entrepreneur,
Linguistics)
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AC (Aerodrome Implementing/ Affected Home APD Representative from

Committee) on the ground/ airport secretary Airline, APSU/ASG,
(At state Operational IB,
capital) body Army, Navy, Air force
AC Implementing Affected District APD Commissioner of
(At District body airport magistrate police, SP/DCP,
Head quarter) Representative from
Airline,
APSU/ASG,IB.
AC Implementing Affected APD APD Representative from

( Outside body airport DM, Police, Airline,
District Head APSU/ASG,IB
quarter)
AC Implementing Affected Station Station Representative from

(At Defense body airport commander commander DM, Police, Airline,
Controlled or APSU/ASG,IB
civil enclave
Airport)
*COSAH is known as CMG (Crisis Management Group) at the time of crisis other than Hijacking.
Points to remember…
• DG (CISF) comes as a member in COSAH.
• Special DG comes as a member in CC.
• Negotiators (generally psychologists) come as a member in CC.
• Negotiators may also be a part of AC as member.
• Negotiators are permanent in nature.
• Besides the contingency of hijacking AC’s meeting is scheduled to held twice in a year at all airports in
the month of January and July.
• At IGI airport New Delhi Central Committee (CC) will discharge the roll of AC.
Some more points to be kept in mind:-

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➢ NSG is CTTF (Counter-terrorist Task Force) ASG (QRT) cordons the hijacked aircraft.
➢ Fire vehicle is used to obstruct the movement of aircraft
➢ Light of runway and taxiway is switched off in case of night.
➢ Hijacked aircraft will not be landed at IGI Delhi airport ever.
Aerodrome committee (AC)
Aerodrome committee is a committee held at the time of hijacking at affected airport, but besides this
committee also:
1. Scheduled to hold twice in a year (1st week of January and July).
2. Review the AHCP on the bases of drill conducted at each airport quarterly.
3. Preparation of AHCP.
BOMB THREAT CONTINGENCY PLAN
Silent features of BTCP
o Airport Director functions as coordinator of BTAC.

o Activation of control room.
o Evaluation of threat by BTAC with the help of BWAF.
o Question technique.
o Duties and responsibilities of various agencies.
o Search procedure.
o Evacuation of building under threat.
o Procedure to deal with building under threat.
Bomb threat. A communicated threat, anonymous or otherwise, which suggests, or infers, whether true or
false that the safety of an aircraft in flight or on the ground, or any airport or civil aviation facility or any
person may be in danger from an explosive or other item or device.
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Bomb alert. A status of alert put in place by competent authorities to activate an intervention plan intended
to counter the possible consequences arising from a communicated threat, anonymous or otherwise, or
arising from the discovery of a suspect device or other suspect item on an aircraft, at an airport or in any civil
aviation facilities.
Who can give the Bomb threat call?

We often get hoax calls at airport. Analysis of these calls reveals that Bomb threat call can be given by:
• Delayed Passengers,
• Passengers those who has been denied seats by airlines,
• drunken people,
• Prankster,
• minor, mentally deranged,
• media crazy people,
• jilted lovers, or love birds,
• dismissed or suspended employees,
• competitors,
• politically motivated people ,
• Terrorist group
• Terrorist rivalry group etc.
• Naxalites,
• Criminals,
Who can recieve the Bomb threat call?
Bomb threat call can be received by anyone from the employee of airline, airport, ASG, Local police, or
anyone else in the locality.
It is therefore suggested that telephone operators, Control room staff etc are to be trained to ask following
questions:-
• Where is the bomb?
• When will it go off?
• What does it look like?
• What type of device is used?
• Who are you?
• Why are you doing this?
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Action to be taken on receiving bomb threat call

• Remain calm.
• Ensure caller ID(CLIP( has registered calling number and note it down.
• Switch ON voice recording facility(if it is not automatic).
• Allow the caller to complete his conversation first without interruption.
• Recipient of Bomb threat call should Try to prolong call (if possible) asking informative question to
the informer to assess the genuineness of call.
• Note exact time of call.
• Alert colleagues and supervisors who can also listen to conversation and alert security.
• Recipient of Bomb threat call should try to listen background notice, Observe callers sex, voice,
language, approx age, etc.
• Recipient of Bomb threat call should Note actual words and Record other details to inform the
control room.
• Inform all details to supervisor.
• Recipient should complete the bomb threat report form (BTRF) at first.
• Supervisor to interview the receiver of threat call in order to complete the bomb threat report form
(BTRF) and relay the information without delay to the BTAC coordinator.
BTAC – BOMB THREAT ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE
• The Bomb Threat Assessment Committee (BTAC) shall be established at each airport in India in
accordance with the Bomb Threat Contingency Plan notified by the BCAS vide BTCP Template
shared by BCAS in 2015
Composition of BTAC
At International airport At domestic airport Role
Airport Director Airport Director Coordinator
CASO CASO Member
Representative of concerned airline. Representative of concerned Member

airline.
WSO (or any representative) of ATC. WSO (or any representative) of Member
ATC.
AWO ( or any representative) of DGCA AWO (or any representative) of Member
DGCA.
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Representative of BDDS. Representative of BDDS. Member
Representative of Local police Representative of Local police Member
Representative of custom & ----------- Member

immigration.
Note:-RDCOS and COE (Controller of Explosive) will be the observer of the committee.
Important points:
• The BTAC uses the “Bomb Warning Assessment Form (BWAF) as a guideline for systematic and scientific
evaluation of the Bomb Threat Call.
• The procedure of building an assessment system to lead the bomb warning assessors to a logical
conclusion to classify the threat is called as POSITIVE TARGET IDENTIFICATION (PTI).
Accordingly the call is classified as under:-
1. SPECIFIC THREAT (RED THREAT): A warning where the threat permits identification of a specific
target, or where the caller has positively identified himself or the organization involved and is
judged credible.
The BTAC evaluates the call based on the information given by the caller and threat perception. The
call is evaluated as “Specific”, if the information is of serious and elaborate nature.
NON SPECIFFIC THREAT (AMBER THREAT): A warning that can be related to one or more targets but
where there is doubt about its credibility or about the effectiveness of the existing counter
measures.
The call is evaluated as “Non Specific”; if the call is of general nature such as there is a bomb in the
evening flight ‘or’ flight going to Mumbai has a bomb.
2. HOAX CALL (GREEN): A warning that may not identify a target or a specific group of targets or which
otherwise lacks credibility.
ACTION BY BTAC
1. BTAC Coordinator will inform to ATC and BDDS at first.

2. Appendix A of BWAF should be filled by the Recipient in front of BTAC with the help of BTRF.
3. The Bomb Threat Assessment Committee members will evaluate the call as “SPECIFIC” or “NON
SPECIFIC”.
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4. BTAC will instruct the respected agencies to follow the procedure according to the classification of the
call.
Action in case of Specific Bomb Threat Call.
• The aircraft will be shifted to isolation bay.

• ASG/APSU will cordon the aircraft from the distance of 50m
• Deploy airline security staff at ladder point to frisk/check belongings of all authorised persons entering
isolation bay / affected aircraft.
• All registered baggage and cargo will be offloaded and kept 100 meters away from aircraft (it means
50 meters away from the cordon)for Checking of any explosive devices by dog squad .
सOffload Catering items/ bonded stores and place them in the catering vehicle. Catering vehicle to
be parked 100 meters away from the aircraft.
• Thorough search of aircraft will be conducted by BDDS, Airline Engineers, Airline Security, ASG/APSU,
Airworthiness Officer (representative of DGCA), etc. They work as a team and conduct aircraft search
with checklist.(BTCL-Bomb threat checklist)or search checklist.
• First aid kits and Engineering stores to be subjected to thorough search. First aid kit may be opened
and resealed by BDDS if doctors are not available for resealing.
• Prevent refuelling of aircraft till completion of anti- sabotage check of aircraft.
• Cargo, mail, courier, catering, bonded stores, medical / first aid boxes, company stores etc, which is
searched/checked/cleared by anti-sabotage check team only will be loaded in the aircraft.
• If any of the above-mentioned stores cannot be searched / checked / cleared the same will not be
loaded on the aircraft. Such stores will be further subjected to 24 hrs cooling off under airline
arrangement and shall be subjected to a thorough screening/physical check.
• Crowding of too many employees and parking of vehicles near aircraft to be avoided.
• The offloaded passengers along with his hand baggage will come to check in counter through arrival
hall.
• Re- issue of fresh boarding cards and hand baggage tags to passengers who have deplaned and brought
back to departure hall.
• Rescreen passengers and their 100% hand baggage check by airport security and hold crew/ passengers
in security hold until clearance is received from the coordinator from isolation bay.
• Upon receiving clearance from coordinator at isolation bay, arrange to escort crew in airline coaches to
isolation bay. Ensure crew alights from bus at a safe distance of 100 M and after identification of hold
baggage, crew proceed towards aircraft for secondary ladder point frisking /100% hand baggage check
by airline security before boarding the aircraft.
• Gets clearance for passenger boarding from the crew.
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• Arrange to escort passengers in airline coaches (one coach at a time) to isolation bay. Ensure passengers
alight at a safe distance of 100 M and not more than 10 passengers at a time should proceed with their
baggage coupons/boarding pass to identify their hold baggage without carrying their hand baggage.
• Secondary ladder point frisking /100% physical hand baggage check by airline.
• Ensure that only identified hold baggage is reloaded in baggage containers for loading into the aircraft.
• Report details of baggage finally left unidentified, to the coordinator.
• • Detail a security officer to accompany BDDS when unidentified baggage is decided to be moved to
explosive disposal area.
• Suspend loading of unaccompanied / rush tag baggage.
• Airline will organize clearance certificate and obtain signatures of all official agencies involved in search.
Thereafter, hand over one copy each to ATC, BDDS and other agencies for their record.
• Coordinator after ensuring that all officials/agencies have signed the clearance certificate, will convey the
clearance to ATC for release of aircraft.
• The release certificate will be then issued to the aircraft signed by airlines commercial, catering,
engineering, ground handling, and security. The release certificate will then be signed by Pilot-in-
command(PIC).
Action of Non-specific threat call to an aircraft.
i. Coordinator will inform concerned aircraft operator to search their aircraft. BTAC
ii. The aircraft will be kept at apron only.
iii. Airlines Security and Airlines engineers will carry out search of aircraft under Non Specific Bomb
Threat call.
iv. Get confirmation from the concerned aircraft operator about the search having been
completed.
v. Airline will suspend airlift of unaccompanied baggage and rush tag baggage.
vi. Airline will increase physical inspection of registered baggage / mail / cargo.
vii. Airline will ensure Proper baggage identification by passengers /crew and Proper baggage
reconciliation.
viii. Airline will ensure proper Gate- No- show.
ix. Airline will ensure frisking of staff / passengers at ladder point.
x. Airline will organize clearance certificate and obtain signatures of all official agencies involved
in search.
xi. Coordinator after ensuring that all officials/agencies have signed the clearance certificate will
convey the clearance to ATC for release of aircraft.
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xii. Fire tender and Ambulance must remain stand by near the aircraft until clearance is conveyed
to ATC by the coordinator.
xiii. Request BDDS and DGCA to stand-by near aircraft under threat until search is over and
clearance certificate is signed by all agencies.
Response to Bomb Threat
Activities Specific Non-Specific
Bay Isolated Bay Normal Parking Bay
Cordoning of a/c Yes No
Access Control Yes Yes
Offload departure items for checks 100 Meters BMA
Refueling Till completion of checks
Re-issuance of Boarding Pass Yes Yes
Baggage tags to be replaced Yes Yes
100 % Frisking of Pax & Crew by ASG Yes Yes
100 % Screening / Physical chk of hand Yes Yes

baggage by ASG
100 % search of Cargo, Courier, mail & Yes No

Unaccompanied baggage etc. by BDDS
Catering Search BDDS & Airline Sec Airline Sec & AME
A/c Search - Checklist Aided Airline Sec, AME, Airline Sec & AME
ASG, BDDS-Dog Squad
& DGCA
Identification of Registered Yes Yes
Baggage
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Suspend airlift of unaccompanied Yes Yes
/ rush tag bags
Sign on Clearance Certificate- YES YES-

Appendix-C
( Except- DGCA & BDDS)
When bomb threat call is raised for a Building or any off airport facility
Comparison chart in case of specific and non specific threat call for Building.
Specific threat call Non specific threat call
With the help of announcement on PA system whole No need to evacuate the building right on receiving
building will be evacuated. such call.
All passengers will carry their belongings with them. Search of terminal building to be undertaken by
airlines, agencies & departments in their
respective work areas
Person in security hold area will be evacuated Search of common areas to be undertaken by
towards airside and who is not security checked will coordinator through his care takers, cleaners &
be evacuated towards city side. watch and ward staff.
Coordinator will ensure to switch off central Upon locating any unclaimed/ suspected device it
AC, unnecessary lights and open all will not be handled but reported to BDDS,
emergency exits. affected area will be evacuated.
Staff familiar to that area will assist search team to Upon locating an unclaimed article during search,
conduct search efficiently. the terminal building will be evacuated as in the
case of a specific area.
Bomb Threat Review Committee (BTRC)
To ensure installation / working of necessary infrastructure and smooth implementation of bomb threat
contingency plan each airport is required to constitute a BTRC. The committee will meet once in three
months.
Action to be taken on finding Suspect Explosive Device
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All airports are required to have dedicated BDDS and dog squads. The BDDS should be well equipped with
necessary manpower and equipment to deal with any type of threat.
The four generic steps to be taken by BDDS on finding a suspicious item during a search is as under: BDDS
• CONFIRM that the item found actually look like a suspicious item and needs attention of security.
• CLEAR the area by evacuating all persons including search teams to a safe distance of 100 meters.
• CORDON the area to prevent anyone gaining access to the suspect item.
• CONTROL the situation until specialized staff arrive and take command.
Counters measures for Bomb Incidents at Airports
• Installation of caller ID (CLIP) .

• Give wide publicity in local newspaper if caller is identified.
• Prompt evaluation of call with help of BWAF.
• Training of employees.
• Conduct periodical mock up exercise.
• Up gradation of EDS / EDDS.
• Centralized monitoring of CCTV by APSU, Customs, Immigration
• Installation of EVD / ETD.
SEARCH PROCEDURE
Level of Search
First Sweep Second Sweep Third Sweep
• Edges of the Room. • Furniture and the floor. • • Cover the ceiling,
• Walls from top to bottom. • Furniture should not be • • Light Fixtures
• Floor area immediately removed but drawers Removable panels
beneath the wall. should be opened and • Areas in which objects
• Inside fireplaces, behind searched might be concealed.
curtains and window • Gaps in and under Start at one corner and
blinds. furniture should be
systematically search
• Behind and beside explored.
the whole surface.
furniture around the • If the floor covering shows
edges of the room. and signs of recent disturbance,
• The sweep should finish it should be lifted.
at the doorways where it
began.
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Rule of search
1) 02 searchers should be deployed in the area of 250 sq feet approximately.

2) Systematically from one end to another.
3) Searched in an alternate way.
4) After being searched area should be marked.
5) Decision should not be based on the face value of any object
6) In case of doubt, man handling with the object should not be done.
7) Never assume that only one device has been placed.
8) After search close the door and ‘CLEAR’ should be written.
BRIEFING OF SEARCHERS
Searchers should be briefed to look for unidentified objects or anything:

−
1. That should not be there
2. That cannot be accounted for
3. That is out of place
4. Do NOT TOUCH suspicious objects
Searching should continue until the whole area has been cleared. Do not forget that secondary devices are not
known.
If a suspicious object is found, follow the golden rules:

• DO NOT TOUCH OR MOVE THE OBJECT.
• If possible leave a distinctive marker near (not touching) the object.
• Move away from the device to a designated control point, leaving lights on.
• Inform search team leader or Coordinator.
• The Coordinator should implement the evacuation plan.
Don’t use more searcher than necessary.
• Use 02 searcher per room or an area of 250 Sq.ft

• Mark the area after searched
• Don’t assume that only one device is planted
• Don’t trust anything and don’t assume the face value of objects.
If the item detected is a weapon:
• Immediately safeguard the item; and
• Notify the search coordinator (supervisor).
If the item located is an explosive device or object that appears to be an explosive device:
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• Do not touch the object;

• Mark the location; and Notify the search coordinator (supervisor).
IFSO DEPLOYMENT, DUTY AND PROCEDURE
In-flight security officer: A person who is employed and trained by the government of the State of the Operator
or by the government of the State of registration to be deployed on an aircraft with the purpose of protecting
that aircraft and its occupants against acts of unlawful interference. This excludes persons employed to provide
exclusive personal protection for one or more specific people travelling on the aircraft, such as personal
bodyguards.
1. IFSO – In flight security officer are famously known with the name “Sky marshal”.
2. They are the only person who can carry a loaded weapon with them.
3. Sky marshals are issued orange AEC, for discharging their duty.
4. For to show a covert movement they will always be issued a boarding card from airline.
5. For carriage of weapon, they are issued weapon authorization card (WAC)/ weapon carriage certificate
(WCC).
6. License of weapon will be issued by DGCA as they are for safety purpose on aircraft.
7. Permission of authorization will be given by BCAS.
8. Sky marshal in civil flights will always be a person from NSG and on deputation from Indian army.
9. Sky marshals are employed and trained by the government or the State of the Operator. In India Sky
marshals are trained by NSG.
10. Boarding of sky marshals in flights is scheduled as per the perception and command of BCAS.
11. Airline station manager/Airline airport manager will inform the pilot in command about the movement
of sky marshal in his flight and inside the flight, flight attendants will inform to pilot.
12. Sky marshals always move in team, consisting at least of 02 members.
13. Sky marshals are deployed on an aircraft with the purpose of protecting that aircraft and its occupants
against acts of unlawful interference particularly for anti-hijacking duty.
14. During the time-of-flight sky marshals work under the command of Pilot.
15. They will report on airport with the movement order issued by their organization, WAC and orange
AEC.
16. They will not involve or expose their presence in flight on any occasion or tussle between passengers.
17. Personal body guards are not included in sky marshals.
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IFSO Also known as Sky marshals
The only person, who can carry. Loaded weapon in

flight.
Are issued with. ALL AREA ALL AIRPORTS
Airline will issue. Boarding card.
For carriage of weapon they have. WAC/ WCC.(weapon authorization card/weapon

carriage
certificate)
Travel Scheduled by BCAS
License of weapon. Issued by DGCA.
Permission of authorization. Provided by DG, BCAS.
Can carry. Authorized number of arm & ammunition.

Trained by. NSG, as per order of govt of state of operator.
Are from. NSG, on deputation from Indian army.
About presence of sky marshal, pilot will Airline station manager/Airline airport manager, and
be informed by. in flight by flight attendants.
Always move in. Team, At least of 02.

Specially deployed for. Anti hijacking duty.
During the flight time, work under. The command of pilot.

Report on airport, with. Command order, WAC/ WCC & AEP.
Not involve himself in. Any tussle of passenger.
Personnel body guard. Are not included in Sky marshals.
PROCEDURE TO CARRY A&A, PRISONER, DIPLOMATIC BAG Procedure For
Carriage Of Arms And Ammunition
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a) In hand baggage:
• Only Sky marshal in loaded condition
• SPG personnel while accompanying Protectee. (60 /150 rounds)*
• PSO of VVIP’s while accompanying Protectee.
Note: Only sky marshal can carry loaded weapon with him.
b) In registered baggage:
• Passenger with valid license and authorization.
• Uniform personnel on duty.
• Sports personnel.
• PSO of VIP.
Note: Whenever anybody will come with weapon, will produce a declaration letter to airline regarding this in must.
• *60 rounds with small arms and 150 rounds with automatic weapon for SPG and other than SPG one can
carry only 50/150 rounds.
• DGCA permission is required to carry more than prescribed number of A&A.
Action to be taken, when we find weapon in baggage/on person while screening.
• detected in the registered baggage
• detected in the hand baggage or on the person of a passenger at the time of frisking / x-ray screening of
hand baggage in the Security Restricted Area (SRA) or at the ladder point.
1. Take the weapon in custody.
2. Identify the passenger.
3. Inform supervisor.
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4. Do not create panic.
If in possession of valid license:
• the ASG/ Airline operator/ Airport operator security staff, as the case may be, shall examine the weapon
physically to see that it is unloaded and packed as per the prescribed norms.
• obtain weapon declaration from the passenger and thereafter allow him to proceed for check-in etc.
• There is no need to detain the passenger.
• complaint shall be made about the incident to the Director General, DGCA and Local police shall also be
informed
If NOT in possession of valid license:
• does not have a valid arms license with him at that time but claims to possess the same, he cannot be
allowed to proceed.
• The passenger shall be detained and handed over to local police for necessary legal action in this regard.
• If NOT in possession of valid license:
• neither not have a valid arms license with him at that time nor claims to possess the same, he cannot be
allowed to proceed.
• The passenger shall be detained and handed over to local police with a complaint about the incident for
taking necessary legal action under the Arms Act 1959 and Aircraft Act 1934 and the rules framed there
under.
Passenger claims that he is a serving Police/ Military personnel:
• The ASG/ Airline operator / Airport operator security staff shall confirm his identity through a valid photo
identity card issued by the Department/ Ministry concerned
• movement order/ authority slip to be verified.
• If his identity and bona fides are beyond doubt, obtain necessary weapon declaration form and thereafter
allow him to proceed for check-in etc.
• There is no need to detain the passenger.
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• However, a complaint shall be made about the incident to the Director General, DGCA for necessary action
at their end under the Aircraft (Carriage of Dangerous Goods) Rules 2003. Local police shall also be
informed and a copy of such complaint shall also be forwarded to the controlling authority of such person.
Action to be taken, when we find weapon in registered baggage while screening.
1. Will be insured that if the declaration regarding the carriage of weapon has been made or not.
2. If declared, will continue the chain.
3. If not, passenger will be traced and asked for document.
4. If can produce license – 01. Authorization will be checked. 02. Passenger will fill the declaration letter.03.
Weapon will be packed as per norms (Fully unloaded, in a hard sided compartment and locked properly).
04. Local police will be intimated.
5. If unable to produce license – Will be handed over to local police.
Procedure to carry a weapon in an ATR flight
As the ATR flight does not have a separate hold..
1. Weapon will be packed as per norms (Fully unloaded, in a hard sided container compartment and
locked properly).
2. Will be escorted up to the aircraft and loaded inside the weapon compartment of flight.
3. The location weapon compartment in the craft is near to the pilot cabin.
4. Keys of container and compartment will be kept with the pilot in command.
5. At destination weapon will again be escorted by the airline personnel and hand it over to passenger
in the arrival hall.
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Procedure to Carry Prisoner
1. Procedure for carriage of Prisoners

a) The policing authority shall send their request in writing to the Commissioner/Regional Dy.
commissioner of Security(CA),BCAS at least 7(seven) days in advance.
b) The letter will contain the detail regarding type of prisoner flight, date and time of travel, number of escort
and their detail etc.
c) Under normal circumstances a prisoner should not be shackled.
d) Escorts shall be equipped with adequate restraining devices.
e) A prisoner should boarded first and disembarked last.
f) They should be seated as far as to the rear of the passenger cabin as it possible.
g) Prisoner should be kept under surveillance.
h) No intoxicating beverage, metal utensils or a knife shall be served to escorts or prisoner.
i) At least two escorts are required for each prisoner considered of dangerous category.
j) Not more than one dangerous prisoner should be carried on any one flight.
Flight attendants and pilot in command must know the seat location of prisoner
k) Local police has to intimate concerned airlines at least 03 days in advance.
l) Local police with prisoner should report at airport at least 03 hours in advance.
Note: - Station Manager of the concerned Airlines informs pilot about the seat no. of special kind of passenger
(prisoner, VIP, mentally disordered passenger) the prisoner and flight attendant informs Sky Marshal about this.
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The primary responsibility for the movement of people is that of the agency as mentioned below.
Deportee Immigrations
Inadmissible pax Concerned Airlines

Persons in Judicial/ Law enforcement Officer
Administrative custody (State Police)
Medical Pax Airline
VVIP / VIPs Personal Security officers & Special
Cell of State Police
Passenger Disturbance Threat Level:
➢ Level 1- Disruptive behaviour (Suspicious or verbally threatening).

➢ Level 2- Physically abusive behaviour.
➢ Level 3- Life threatening behaviour.
Refusal Room: A separate refusal room for the purpose shall be earmarked by the Airport Operator
in consultation with the immigration authorities at each international airport. Whenever there is a
passenger in the guard room it will be guarded by CISF to ensure that the passenger does not escape
from custody and is deported out of India.
The following instruction shall be implemented by all concerned:-

1. The entire infrastructure for the refusal room will be provided by the Airport Operator. The design
of the Refusal Room will be sent to BCAS by Airport Operator for security vetting.
2. Necessary facilities in the Refusal Room will be provided by the concerned Airport Operator.
3. Guarding of the Refusal Room is the responsibility of CISF for which a guard of one Head
Constable and 04 Constables will be provided.
4. Food and other facilities to the INAD will be provided by the concerned airlines.
5. No charges will be levied for the Refusal Room on the Bureau of Immigration.
NEW AND EMERGING THREATS
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Landside mitigation measures — key elements
Attacks on landside may be carried out on public areas of an airport where attackers may not need to
defeat the security measures normally in place prior to entering security restricted areas. Potential
modes of attack may include, but are not limited to, the following:
a) Person – Borne IED (PBIED) and MANPADS.
b) IED placed inside or near airport key points (non – suicide attack).
c) Armed assault at a public area of an airport.
d) Vehicle – Borne IED (VBIED) attacks and terminal ram-raiding; and
e) An attack by means of chemical, biological and/ or radiological agents.
CBRN
The characteristics of CBRN weapons are found below.
• Chemical Threats: Chemical threats consist of weapons that utilize a hazardous chemical that is designed
to cause intentional death or harm through its toxic properties. The four different types of chemical agents
include choking agents, blister agents, blood agents, and nerve agents. This chemical threat has a direct
effect on many human organs and systems including the respiratory system, lungs, heart, and skin.
Symptoms that can occur upon exposure to a chemical agent includes watery eyes, itching, coughing,
difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, chest pain, dizziness, nausea, and potentially death.
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• Biological Threats: A biological weapon, also called germ weapon, is any number of disease-producing
agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, toxins, and other biological agents, that can be used as a weapon
against humans. Lethal biological weapons can cause mass deaths upon humans and have been
responsible for more deaths than from those employed by combat. There are five different categories of
biological agents including bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, and toxins. The symptoms a human may
experience from a biological threat can range depending on the different category of biological agent.
• Radiological Threats: Radiological threats are weapons that disperse radioactive agents to inflict injury or
cause contamination and damage. A commonly used radiological threat is the dirty bomb, which utilizes
a conventional explosion to disperse radioactive contaminants into an environment. The effects of
radiological threats upon the health of an individual can vary depending on the intensity, duration, and
type of radiation. Symptoms from this classification of warfare can include nausea, vomiting, fatigue,
fever, diarrhea, infection, bleeding, gastrointestinal symptoms, and even death.
• Nuclear Threats: Nuclear weapons are devices designed to release energy in an explosive manner because
of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or a combination of the two. This classification of weapon can lead to
extreme danger to human health.
• Explosive Threats: An explosive weapon generally uses high explosives to project a blast and
fragmentation from the point of detonation. Explosive weapons can lead to mass casualties in the affected
area.
Insider Threat and its mitigation measures
Potential Insider Threats within the Aviation Industry include a wide variety of individuals involved with the aircraft
and passengers, including, but not limited to, the following categories:
– Airline employees
– Concession and restaurant employees
– Cleaning and catering crews
– Construction and maintenance crews
– Law enforcement, military and/or security personnel
– Taxi, cab, shuttle bus and/or other transportation specialists
– Current and/or former employees
– Current and/or former contract government employees
– Air Traffic Controllers
– Ground Handling Agency staff
What is the intent behind an Insiders act?

Historically, the insider threat is a malicious insider or group who seeks to do harm; however, it is important to
remember that the insider threat can be unintentional as well. Personality, behavioral, and lifestyle indicators
may alert us to the malicious insider; however, the unwitting or complacent insider could go undetected by peers
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and supervisors.
• Malicious: Insider seeks to aid or conduct an act that is malicious and intentional in nature to cause
damage
• Complacent : Insider takes a lenient/relaxed approach to policies, procedures, and potential security risks
• Unwitting : Insider is not aware of security policies, procedures and protocols which expose the
organizations/agency to external risks.
Types of Insider Threats
The insider threat to the aviation sector spans across all realms of the threat vector to include cyber, criminal, and
terrorism. Some of the more notable examples of aviation insider threat across the globe include
terrorism/sabotage, security compromise, and physical property theft.
Terrorism Use of insider access to facilitate an act of violence as a means of

disruption or coercion for political purposes.
Espionage Use of insider access to obtain sensitive information for exploitation.
Security Compromise Use of insider access to facilitate and circumvent security controls.
Sabotage Use of insider access to destroy equipment or materials.
Physical Property Theft Use of insider access to steal material items.

Information/Intellectual Use of insider access to steal information or intellectual property.
Property Theft
Workplace Violence Use insider access to conduct violence in the workplace.
What motivates an insider?
The motives of an insider can be varied and can include gaining financial advantage through low-level or
organized crime activities. They can be issue-driven (e.g., environmentalist groups), terrorism focused, or an
individual may become an insider simply because they are disgruntled or unhappy with the way they have
been treated by their organization. However, the motivation may also be due to a combination of the above
factors. Motivation is a complex issue, as two employees may be faced with an identical situation, while only
one may decide to act against the interests of their organization. The following factors motivates and Insider
threat: -
– Financial Gain- Some insider threat activity has been motivated by greed or financial need.
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– Anger/Revenge- Insider threat activity has been conducted by employees who were disgruntled to
the point of wanting to retaliate against the organization.
– Problems at work- Some insider threats have been individuals who felt a lack of recognition at work,
has disagreements with co-workers or managers and were dissatisfied with the job, or upset by a
pending layoff.
– Divided loyalty- Insider threat activity has also been conducted by individuals who have pledged
allegiance to another person or company or to a country besides India.
– Blackmail/Extortion- Blackmail is when a person is easily manipulated due to fear of sensitive
information getting out such as gambling, fraud, or illicit relationships.
– Extortion is when a person is coerced through force or threat.
– Destructive Behaviour- On occasions individual threat activity was related to an individual’s problems
with substance abuse.
– Adventure/Thrill Seeker- A person who wants more excitement in life and who in intrigued by covert
or sneaky activity is probably motivated by fame. He or she generally has an inflated ego.
– Radicalization- The process by which people come to support terrorism and violent extremism and,
in some cases, then join terrorist groups.”
– Family Problems- In the past, there also have been incidents when a person who was experiencing
the stress of family or marital conflicts, or separation from loved ones became involved in insider
threat activity.
SPOT measures: measures aim to identify behaviour or activities of concern, and to identify any changing
or suspicious behaviour patterns that might help to detect a potential insider.
STOP measures: should aim to prevent or deter an insider from exploiting or intending to exploit their role
for unauthorized purposes
Cyber Threat
Why Aviation Information & Communication

Technology System needs to be protected?
1) Rapid growth of civil aviation and significant use of data and use of new technologies.
2) Manual processes are shifting to more efficient automated processes.
3) Paperless and environment friendly approach
4) Huge number of stakeholders
5) Cyber-attack can endanger the safety of an aircraft.
6) Hackers, cyber criminals, “hacktivists” and terrorists are focused on malicious intent, theft of information,
profit, and disruption.
GOI is implementing Digital experience for Air Travelers through “DigiYatra” Platform. The 'DigiYatra' is a
digital processing of passengers at the airports. Passengers will be automatically processed based on facial
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recognition system at check points like; Entry point check, Entry into Security Check, Aircraft Boarding,
additionally this will also facilitate self-Bag Drop and Check-in, using facial recognition to identify pax and
data recall. Digi Yatra will facilitate paperless travel and avoid identity check at multiple points.
Protection of data against
• Data Breach: - A data breach is the intentional or unintentional release of secure or private/confidential
information to an untrusted environment.
• Hacking: - Hacking refers to a variety of techniques that are used to compromise or gain access to a
digital system. This can be a computer, mobile phone or tablet, or an entire network.
• Cyber Incidents: - Cyber incident means actions taken using computer networks that result in a
compromise or an actual or potentially adverse effect on an information system and/or the information
residing therein.
• Cyber-attacks: - In computers and computer networks an attack is any attempt to expose, alter, disable,
destroy, steal, or gain unauthorized access to or make unauthorized use of an asset.
Most common Cybersecurity threats:
1) MALWARE: - is sending a code with malicious intents which may seals the data or destroys the
computer. It can be done by 3 ways.
a) Virus – Virus when enters a computer system/software can clean files or infect files. Virus
attaches itself to an existing executable program. It can spread very fast. It may enter the
system by sampling downloading a file.
b) Trogan- a program that appears desirable but contains something harmful. It may be a
legitimate software that can be tampered with.
c) Worms it is a code which infects one computer and can spread to the entire network (network
interface). It targets the operating system vulnerabilities.
2) PHISHING: - the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies
to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
The moment you furnish your details, they will steal the data. Messages look authentic however,
the email received will not be from not a very reliable source (the e-mail ID would be fictitious, not
a company ID).
3) PASSWORD ATTACKS: - the hackers will try to enter the system by cracking the password of the
computer. They will repeatedly try to check the passwords stored in the computer algorithm, by
applying combinations. There are 3 ways of password attacks.
a) Brute force attack: - In case the name list of employees is available to the hacktivists, they will
have combination of name and numbers like ABC123.
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AVSEC BASIC 2022
b) Dictionary attacks possibilities: - using short and easy words used in dictionary as passwords.
c) Keylogger attacks: - they will try all the keys which the user has used during a day on the
keyboard to crack the password.
4) DISTRUBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE (DDoS) ATTACK: - When you hear about a website being “brought down
by hackers,” it generally means it has become a victim of a DDoS attack. In short, this means that hackers
have attempted to make a website or computer unavailable by flooding or crashing the website with too
much traffic.
5) MAN-IN THE-MIDDLE: - if using non-Encrypted files/links and pirated software/ videos a person in the
middle can have access to the flow of information between 2 parties/entities without their knowing.
Example. When 2 persons are talking on the phone a third person picks up the parallel line and listens to
your conversation. This 3rd person is the man-in the -middle he can impersonate your information/data
to the best of his advantage.
6) THREATS BY DOWNLOADS: - when you download any app or files from a compromising website a
malicious code can be downloaded in the background to your device. Unintentional download of virus or
malicious software in your computer. Same is the case when you use external device like pen drive
unknown virus can be transferred without knowing.
7) MALVERT ICING: - advertisement may look like authentic but has been placed by criminals. These
advertisements have small code when you click on them, you would be redirected to some criminal server
and the codes connect to the server of the company system and get the sensitive information.
8) ROGUE SOFTWARE: Scareware, Ransomware: - makes to believe that there is virus in your system and
make to pay you ransom money to release the data. The sender would make use of various temptations
to ensure that you download an app or file like giving free vacation or trial versions of software. The
moment you click a POP-UP warning will show stating that your computer is infected and to clean/remove
the virus by clicking on the programme. The Scareware Software will then either steal your data or corrupt
your files and even stop you from sending any data/file.
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AVSEC BASIC 2022
Page 139 of 142

AVSEC BASIC 2022
Page 140 of 142

AVSEC BASIC 2022
Drone Attacks
Each UAS shall be equipped with the following–
• Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver(s) for horizontal and vertical position fixing ;
• Autonomous Flight Termination System or Return To Home (RTH) option;
• Geo-fencing capability;
• Flashing anti-collision strobe lights;
• Flight controller with Flight data logging capability;
• No Permission – No Takeoff (NPNT) compliant;
• Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) transponder
• Reliable Command and Control Link;
• Real-time tracking system;
• Barometric equipment with capability for remote sub-scale setting;
• Detect and Avoid capability;
• Manufacturer Serial Number;
• Fire resistant identification plate for engraving the UIN;
• Two-way communication system; and
• 360 degrees collision avoidance system.
Flying Restrictions
No unmanned aircraft shall fly in a restricted area unless specifically permitted by the Director General.
No unmanned aircraft, except Nano unmanned aircraft, shall be flown by a person who is not a licensed
remote pilot.
No Unmanned Aircraft belonging to small, or medium or large class shall be permitted to fly in enclosed
premises.
No unmanned aircraft shall be flown
(a) Within 5 kilometers from the perimeter of international airports at Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata,
Bengaluru and Hyderabad.
(b) Within 3 kilometers from the perimeter of any civil, private or defense airports, other than those
mentioned in clause(a);
(c) Above the Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) or Procedures for Air Navigation Services
(g) Within 3 kilometer from perimeter of military installations/ facilities/ where military activities/ exercises
are being carried out unless clearance is obtained from the local military installation/facility;
(h) Within 5-kilometer radius from Vijay Chowk in Delhi. However, this is subject to any additional
conditions/ restrictions imposed by local law enforcement agencies/ authorities in view of the security.
(i) Within 2 kilometer from perimeter of strategic locations/ vital installations notified by Ministry of Home
Affairs unless clearance is obtained from Ministry of Home Affairs;
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AVSEC BASIC 2022
Counter Drone System
The composition of Counter Drone System

1. Primary Drone Detection Radar;
2. Radio Frequency (RF) Detector and Direction Finder;
3. Electro Optical (EO) and Infra-Red (IR) Sensor;
4. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and RF Jammer;
5. Hard-kill options such as Laser and Fire Control locking system (FCS); and
6. Command & Control, Communication, Computers and Intelligence management systems
BCAS Policy
• Drones are not allowed in hand baggage of the passengers.

• Drones are allowed in the registered baggage without the batteries.
Page 142 of 142

AVSEC BASIC 2022

Harbingers - Preparation For AVSEC BASIC 2022

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INTERGLOBE AVIATION LIMITED

Primary objective of Aviation security

Basic Principles and Philosophy for Aviation Security

RISK = THREAT x VULNERABILITY

The Traditional / conventional types of threat to civil aviation are as follows.

Factors contributing to terrorism:

Who are the Terrorists?

• Target specific individuals on an aircraft, such as Diplomats or VIPs

UNLAWFUL SEIZURE OF AIRCRAFT (HIJACKING)

What are the techniques used for hijacking?

• Possible collusion with or bribery of airport or airline staff

• Infiltration of device into baggage;

These offenders may endeavor to achieve sabotage by:

• Carrying the device on their person; or

Where can the threats come from?

4 Outcome Shri B.D. Pandey committee was formed in 1976

23rd Jun, 1985

9 Outcome Emphasis on Profiling.

14 Outcome • Introduction of CISF as ASG in Feb 2000

24 July 2001 Colombo Airport (Bandaranaike Airport) attack by LTTE.

15 Outcome • Raising of Perimeter wall to the prescribed height

Outcome • Strengthening of cockpit doors

17 Outcome • Shoe Scanning through XBIS was introduced.

Outcome Focus on Landside security.

Outcome Recommended Practices on landside security, security awareness training. Proper

Outcome Annex 17 included provision on attacks against MANPADs

Aviation Security Countermeasures

1. Legislative Measures Includes Conventions

IMPORTANT CONVENTION & PROTOCOL RELATED TO CIVIL AVIATION

Chicago convention (mother 07/12/1944 • Convention on International Civil Aviation

Hague 16/12/1970 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of

Montreal convention 23/09/1971 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts

Montreal convention 01/03/1991 Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purposes of

including through modern technological means

NAME OF THE LEGAL BACK UP IN

ACTS AGAINST THE SERVICE SAFETY OF CIVIL

AIRCRAFT ACTS OF 1934

It extends to the whole of India and applies also-

a) To citizens of India wherever they may be;

The Central Government may constitute a body to be known as the Directorate 4A

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

Reference to Aircraft Rules 1937 Rule

Carriage of arms, explosives , dangerous goods. 8

Prohibition on consumption of intoxicated and psychoactive substances. 24

Carriage of persons suffering from mental disorders or epilepsy in aircraft. 24A

Carriage of prisoners in an aircraft 24B

Carriage of animals, birds and reptiles in aircraft 24C

Entry into public Aerodromes 90

Inspection:-Any person authorized by the DGCA by general or special order can

Obstruction of Authorized Person 159

AIRCRAFT (SECURITY) RULES -2011

Disembarkation of Unruly Passenger Rule 17

Security check before Embarkation Rule 21

Certification of Screeners Rule 22

Prohibition of carriage of certain goods (Cabin Baggage) Rule 23

Deployment of staff –For security Duties Rule 26

Security Search of Aircraft Rule 27

Access Control to Aircraft Rule 28

Locking of Cockpit doors Rule 29

Deployment of IFSO Rule 30

Security control of Hold baggage. Rule 31

Security control for cargo and courier bags Rule 37

Prohibition of certain goods (Cargo and Courier) Rule 40