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Ментинська І Трансліт власних назв
Ментинська І Трансліт власних назв
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ȱɪɢɧɚ Ɇɟɧɬɢɧɫɶɤɚ
ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ «Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɚ ɩɨɥɿɬɟɯɧɿɤɚ»
The article is dedicated to transliteration of Ukrainian proper names with the Latin
letters. The official resolution on the issue confirmed by the Cabinet of Ministers is analysed.
The positive changes and drawbacks of new transliteration are pointed out.
Ʉeywords: transliteration, official resolution, proper name, Latin alphabet.
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɜ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ
ɧɚɫɚɦɩɟɪɟɞ ɡ ɟɤɫɬɪɚɥɿɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɜɬɪɭɱɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ ɡɚ ɪɚɞɹɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɡ ɧɟɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɿɫɬɸ ɱɢɧɧɨʀ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿʀ. Ɋɿɡɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɰɿɽʀ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɥɢ ɜɿɞɨɦɿ
ɦɨɜɨɡɧɚɜɰɿ Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɬɢɣ ɋ. ɉ., ȼɢɯɨɜɚɧɟɰɶ ȱ. Ɋ., Ⱥɠɧɸɤ Ȼ. Ɇ. [1], Ʉɨɱɟɪɝɚɧ Ɇ. ɉ., ʈɭɞɦɚɧɹɧ Ⱥ. Ƚ. [2],
ɉɥɸɳ ɇ. ɉ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɿɜ Ɉ. Ⱦ., Ɇɚɫɟɧɤɨ Ʌ. Ɍ., ɇɟɩɨɤɭɩɧɢɣ Ⱥ. ɉ., ɉɿɜɬɨɪɚɤ Ƚ. ɉ., ɇɿɦɱɭɤ ȼ. ȼ. [3],
Ɋɢɰɚɪ Ȼ., Ɋɨɠɚɧɤɿɜɫɶɤɢɣ Ɋ., Ɇɢɤɭɥɶɱɢɤ Ɋ. [11] ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ.
Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɸ ɜɿɞ 27 ɫɿɱɧɹ 2010 ɪɨɤɭ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɢɜ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɭ
ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɮɚɜɿɬɭ ɥɚɬɢɧɢɰɟɸ, ɡɚ ɹɤɨɸ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ, ɿɦɟɧɚ ɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɡɜɢ
ɫɥɿɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɤɢɪɢɥɢɱɧɨʀ ɥɿɬɟɪɢ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɮɚɜɿɬɭ. [4]
Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɿɞ ɰɶɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɩɨɝɥɹɞ, ɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɧɲɚɥɨ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ
ɳɨɞɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳ ɭ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɚɯ, ɧɨɬɚɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɚɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɿ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ.
Ɂɝɚɞɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɞɚɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ. Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɬɚɤɿ:
ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɿ Ƚ(ɝ) ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɚ ɥɿɬɟɪɚ ɇ (h), ɚ ɧɟ G(g); ɓ — Shch, ɚ ɧɟ Shc ɚɛɨ Shh;
ɛɭɤɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɰɿ Ɂɝ(ɡɝ) — Zgh (zgh), ɛɨ Zg h ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɿ ɀ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ.
Ɉɬɨɠ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢ ɰɿɥɭ ɧɢɡɤɭ ɧɨɪɦ.
1. ɉɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɽ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɜ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚɯ Ƚɭɰɭɥɹɤ, Ƚɧɚɬɿɜ, Ƚɭɦɟɧɧɢɣ, Ƚɪɨɦ’ɹɤ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɥɿɬɟɪɭ Ƚ
ɱɿɬɤɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɭɽɦɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ H (ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɚ), ɬɨɛɬɨ ɇutsuliak, Hnativ, Humennyi, Hromiak (ɚɥɟ
Ʉhromiak ɜɿɞ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ ɏɪɨɦ’ɹɤ). ɍ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚɯ ʈɭɞɡɶ, ʈɨɧɬɚɪ, ʈɚɥɚʉɚɧ, ʈɨɧʉɚɞɡɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɭɽɦɨ G ,
ɬɨɛɬɨ Gudz, Gontar, Galagan, Gongadze.
2. ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ -ɫɶɤɢɣ ɬɚ -ɰɶɤɢɣ, ɡɚ ɧɨɜɨɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɸ
ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɭɽɦɨ ɹɤ -skyi ɚɛɨ -tskyi, ɚ ɧɟ -skɿi, -skyɭ, -skiɭ, ɬɨɛɬɨ:
Ɇɟɞɢɧɫɶɤɢɣ Medynskyi
Ɋɢɛɱɢɧɫɶɤɢɣ Rybchynskyi
Ʉɨɥɨɫɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ Kolosovskyi
ɋɥɚɛɨɲɩɢɰɶɤɢɣ Slaboshpytskyi
Ʌɟɜɢɰɶɤɢɣ Levytskyi
ȼɢɲɧɟɜɟɰɶɤɢɣ Vyshnevetskyi
əɤɳɨ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ (ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɟ ɚɛɨ ɱɟɫɶɤɟ
ɬɨɳɨ), ɬɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɭɽɦɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ:
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Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɫɤɿ Berezovski
ɋɿɤɨɪɫɶɤɿ Sikorski
ȼɢɫɨɰɤɿ Vysotski
ȼɢɲɧɟɜɫɤɿ Vyshnevski
ɑɚɭɲɟɫɤɭ Chaushesku
Ɇɚɪɱɟɫɤɭ Marchesku
ɓɨɩɪɚɜɞɚ, ɞɟɹɤɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿ [5, ɫ. 44–48] ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɭ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ
ɧɨɫɿɹ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚ, ɚ ɬɨɞɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɭɜɚɬɢ. ɇɚ ɧɚɲɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ, ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɰɟ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ,
ɛɨ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɫɩɪɨɛɢ ɥɢɲɟ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɚɬɶ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɪɨɡɯɢɬɚɸɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɭ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ
ɱɢɧɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɜ.
3. ɉɨɞɜɨɽɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɬɟɪ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ:
– ɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɯ Ɂɚɤɚɪɩɚɬɬɹ — Zakarpattia, ɉɪɢɤɚɩɚɬɬɹ —Prykarpattia, ɚɥɟ
Ɂɚɩɨɪɿɠɠɹ — Zaporizhia (ɛɨ ɭɧɢɤɚɽɦɨ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɬɟɪ zhzh, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ
ɥɿɬɟɪ ɠ);
– ɭ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɿɦɟɧɚɯ ɀɚɧɧɚ — Zhanna, Ⱥɧɧɚ — Anna, Ƚɟɧɧɚɞɿɣ — Hennadii;
– ɭ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɚɯ ȼɢɧɧɢɱɟɧɤɨ — Vynnychenko, ɉɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɣ — Pysmennyi.
əɤɳɨ ɠ ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɩɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹ, ɬɨ ɣ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ ɛɭɬɢ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɯ Ɉɞɟɫɚ — Odesa, ɑɟɪɤɚɫɢ — Cherkasy. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ
ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɦɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ ɹɤ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ
ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɜ, ɜɿɞɬɚɤ ɱɢɬɚɽɦɨ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɢɯ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ Odessa, Cherkassy, ɚ ɰɟ ɽ ɝɪɭɛɢɦ
ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɧɨɪɦɢ.
4. ə, ɘ, ȯ, Ȳ — ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ YA, YU,YE,YI, ɚ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɹɯ ɚ, u, ɟ, ɿ; Ƀ
— Y — ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚ ɿ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɹɯ (ɹɤ ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɿ). ɏɨɱ ɧɟ ɜɫɿ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ
ɫɚɦɟ ɡ ɬɚɤɨɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿɽɸ Ƀ: [6, ɫ. 130–139; 7, ɫ.48–52; 8, ɫ. 30–47; 7, ɫ. 74; 9, ɫ. 73] Ɉɬɨɠ ɧɚ
ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ:
ɘɳɭɤ Yushchuk
ɘɪɱɭɤ Yurchuk
əɰɤɿɜ Yatskiv
əɤɿɛɱɭɤ Yakibchuk
Ƀɨɫɢɩɱɭɤ Yosypchuk
ȯɦɟɰɶ Yemets
ȯɪɦɨɥɟɧɤɨ Yermolenko
Ȳɜɠɢɧ Yivzhyn
ɓɟ ɜ 2004 ɪɨɰɿ ɩɪɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ȼɚɫɢɥɶ ɇɿɦɱɭɤ ɭ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ «Ⱦɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɿʀ
«ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɭ»« ɜɤɚɡɚɜ: «ɇɟ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɨ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɿ ɜ ɡɚɫɨɛɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɿ
ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɣɨɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ. ɇɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿ ɽ, ʀ, ɸ, ɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɢ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɟ, ɭɿ, ɭɢ, ɭɚ (ȯɧɚɤɿɽɜɟ — Yenakiiɟve; Ȳɠɚɤɟɜɢɱ — Yizhakevych; ɘɪɿɣ — Yurii; əɝɨɬɢɧ —
Yahotyn), ɚ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɹɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɿɟ, ɿɿ, iu, ɿɚ (Ƚɚɽɜɢɱ — Haievych, Ʉɚɞɿʀɜɤɚ — Kadiivka,
Ʉɪɸɤɿɜɤɚ — Kriukivka, ȱɱɧɹ, Ɂɧɚɦ’ɹɧɤɚ — Ichnia, Znamianka)» [3, ɫ. 3-24].
ɋɥɿɞ ɱɿɬɤɿɲɟ ɡ’ɹɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɿɧɲɿ ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ə, ɘ, ȯ, Ȳ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ:
— ɩɿɫɥɹ ɦ’ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɭɽɦɨ ɧɟ ɚ, u, ɟ, ɹɤ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ, ɚ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨ
ɫɥɿɞ ɡɛɟɪɟɝɬɢ ɩɨɦ’ɹɤɲɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɸɽɦɨ ɿɚ, ɿu, ɿɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ:
Ɇɚɰɸɤ Matsiuk
Ʌɟɫɸɤ Lesiuk
Ɂɟɦɥɹɤ Zemliak
ɉɨɥɽɤ Poliek
(ɚ ɧɟ Matsuk, Lesuk Zemlak, Polek, ɛɨ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿɹ ɞɚɽ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ — Ɇɚɰɸɤ
ɱɢ Ɇɚɰɭɤ);
— ɩɿɫɥɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɮɚ ə, ɘ, ȯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ ia, iu, ie, ɞɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɭ:
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ɘɥɿɹ Juliɿa
Ʉɨɥɨɦɿɽɰɶ Kolomiiets
Ɇɿɸɲɤɨɜɢɱ Miiushkovych
Ɇɚɪ’ɹɧɿɜɤɚ Marianivka
ɉɢɥɢɩ’ɸɤ Ɋylypiuk
ɋɨɥɨɦɿɹ Solomiia
Ɂɧɚɦ’ɹɧɤɚ Znamianka
Ɏɟɨɞɨɫɿɹ Feodosiia
Ʌɭɤ’ɹɧɸɤ Lukianiuk
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ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɭɧɤɬɿ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɦɨ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿɜ Ɍɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɿɬɟɬɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-
ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ «Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɚ ɩɨɥɿɬɟɯɧɿɤɚ», ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɚ
Ɋɢɰɚɪɚ, Ɋɨɦɚɧɚ Ɋɨɠɚɧɤɿɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ, Ɋɨɦɚɧɚ Ɇɢɤɭɥɶɱɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ, ɹɤɿ ɭ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɿɬɟɪɚɰɿɣɧɿɣ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ [11, ɫ.55–61; 12, ɫ.143–146] ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ:
ɶ ‘
‘ (ɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɮ) ‘ (ɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɮ)
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