a ey, Maths Progress International 11-14 WorkbookMaths Progress 8 International 11-14 Progress with confidence Our innovative Workbooks focus on building your confidence in maths and letting you take control of your learning. * Chart how well you're doing against specific lea for each unit, * Keep track of your strengths and weaknesses with confidence checkers at the end of each lesson. 1g objectives with progression charts * Take control of your work and progression with loads of write-in practice. The Workbooks also offer plenty of dynamic support to help build your confidence in maths. * Got direct access to worked example videos on your phone or tablet using the QR codes, providing crucial support for tricky questions. ‘* Help structure your answers with guided questions and partially worked solutions. ‘© Break down any barriors to learning with hints and key learning points for each topic. Our unique unit structure Each unit of the course enables progression like thi Also available in the series: Student books ee ener Snare ActiveLearn provides online planning, teaching, homework and assessment resources, including a free interactive Scheme of Work. wn: pearsonglobalschools.com ‘myorders@pearson.com @ Pearson iii, 9M 327181 B12:—— _ SSSR RA SAo Te Maths Progress International 11-14 Confidence ¢ Fluency ¢ Problem-solving © Progression P PearsonPublished by Pearson Education Limited, 80 Strand, London, WC2R ORL. www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk Text © Pearson Education Limited 2020 Project managed and edited by Just Content Ltd Typeset by PDQ Digital Media Solutions Lid Original illustrations © Pearson Education Limited 2020 Cover illustration by Robert Samuel Hanson ‘The rights of Greg Byrd, Keith Gallick, Sophie Goldie, Catherine Murphy, Amy O'Brien and Diane Oliver to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2020 23.2221 10987654 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978 1 292 32718 1 Copyright notice All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means {including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 5th Floor, Shackleton House, Hay’s Galleria, 4 Battle Bridge Lane, London SE1 2HX (www.cia.co.uk). Applications for the copyright owner's written permission should be addressed to the publisher. Printed in Great Britain by Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow Acknowledgements The publisher would like to thank Diane Oliver for her input and advice. Note from the publisher Pearson has robust editorial processes, including answer and fact checks, to ensure the accuracy of the content in this publication, and every effort is made to ensure this publication is free of errors. We are, however, only human, and occasionally errors do occur. Pearson is not liable for any misunderstandings that arise as a result of errors in this publication, but itis our priority to ensure that the content is accurate. If you spot an error, please do contact us at resourcescorrections@pearson.com so we can make sure itis corrected.CHONDA RON a a a) Number Equations and formulae Working with powers 2D shapes and 3D solids Graphs Fractions, decimals, ratio and Proportion Probability Percentages and ratios ‘Shapes and angles Charts and diagrams Straightline graphs Progression chartsWelcome to Maths Workbooks oN a Unt ake CoA Pr eit Starting a new course is exciting! We believe you will have fun with maths, while at the same time nurturing your confidence and raising your achievement. Here's how: Start by Mastering fundamental knowledge and skills over a series of lessons. | Guided questions and ‘As well as hints that help | Partially worked solutions you with specific questions, help you structure your you'llfind Literacy hints answers. (to explain some untemiiar terms) and Strategy hints {to help with working out) | Your teacher has online | access to Answers. | Aconfidence checker at QR codes give you direct. | the end of every lesson -2ocess to worke | to worked example helps you keep track of your. ideos viz videos via your phone or strengths-and weaknesses ‘tablet, providing plenty of ‘and suggests which ricky questions. ‘questions from Strengthen ‘support for tricky dues you should try. Choose only the topics in Strengthen that you need a bit more practice with. You'll find more hints here to lead you through specific questions ‘When you have finished the whole unit, a Unit test helps you see how much progress you are making. Keep track of your confidence and the questions you answered correctly in the Progression charts on pages 110-113.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 326 Number Equations and formulae Working with powers, 2D shapes and 3D solids Graphs Fractions, decimals, ratio and proportion Probability Percentages and ratios Shapes and angles Charts and diagrams Straight-line graphs Progression chartsConfidence * Fluency ¢ Problem-solving ¢ Progression Starting a new course is exciting! We believe you will have fun with maths, while at the same time nurturing your confidence and raising your achievement. Here's how: Start by Mastering fundamental knowledge and skills over a series of lessons. Guided questions and | ‘As well as hints that help partially worked solutions you with specific questions, help you structure your B: of youll ind Literacy hints answers. ; (Go explain some unfamiiar terms) and Strategy hints {Qo help with working out). Your teacher has online access to Answers. ‘confidence checker at i z QR codes give you direct the end of every lesson, access to worked example helps you keep track of your | : ‘videos via your phone or ‘strengths and weaknesses tablet, providing plenty of and suggests which Support for tricky questions. questions from Strengthen you should try. Choose only the topics in Strengthen that you need a bit more practice with. You'll find more hints here to lead you through specific questions When you have finished the whole unit, a Unif test helps you see how much progress you are making. Keep track of your confidence and the questions you answered correctly in the Progression charts on pages 110-113. —— 6.)4 Work out ; ‘Same signs (+ + or~—) are the same as +. abe Sm OaS = Different signs (+ — or —+) are the same as -. b9--4=9 d -3 +2... sammie @ 44, e5-8 f -7- g -5+-3... 2 Work out the difference between each pair of numbers. “Jo find the dtveroiacd Heiwoad a {wo numbers, subtract the lower 85 AN Bsn : re fonre toe ase b -Sandé 60 © Sand-8 Mutipying same signs (+ * + or— x -) ee gives +. Multiplying different signs Worked a B%-5.. (6 ~or—* +) gives — example b5x-2 Seale 3am © -8x8 oe d (-4) x (-4). © 10% (2.2) cecrines f -2«-2«-2... mi 9 9X3 XB nnn ATR T =A 4 Work out : AHO FQ cecnnnnnne BD IZ*=B © 25 + Bass “ k d (-16)+4 oe © B0* (10) crs f (-4) + (-4) 5 Expand the brackets to calculate these. Check your answer using the priority of operations. a 4x(-2+5) b §x(-3-4) 5 FAK RAH ee KS FB Fe Fo Check: 4 x (-2 + 5) = x35 6 Expand the brackets to calculate these. Check your answer using the priority of operations. a 2x(-2+5)-10 b -3(-2 +6) © ~10(5 ~ 8) d -2(-4+7)-1 7 Work out a (3%... b 5... © (8)... Tick each box as your © ©© Need extra help? Go to page 5 and tick the confidence in this boxes next to Q1 and 2. Then try them once topic improves. you've finished 1.11.4. 1—{ Waite two numbers with a product of 100. | You can write a number as a product of prime ‘number factors. This is callod prime 7 factor decomposition, a Draw a factor tree to find all the prime factors of 100. i Ss oo ne ame b Write down the product of the prime factors. 100 = 2x 2x... ‘The product is the answer when you multiply two or 2 Write each number as a product of its prime factors, more numbers. a 60 b B4 © 250 360 3 Find the HCF and LCM of 72 and 120. ‘You tes tun RR 72 = 22x 32 = Mite each number 28:2 factor decomposition 10 2 ote 8 x per product of its prime factors to find the HCF of sx 3x Le eee ‘wo or more numbers. 7 Factors of 72 Factors of 120 Draw a Venn diagram, 3? Is a factor of 72 but : not of 72 and 120. = Mattiply the commen prime factors together, Hore Pasi Multiply the ime factors, the factor i _— Mutiply the common prime factors, the factors UCM is 2x 3x3x5 =... of only 72 and the factors of only 120 together. 4 Use prime factor decomposition to find Draw Venn diagrams. a the HCF of 108 and 180 b the LOM of 30 and 55. Worked example Tick each box as your 2 oO Need extra help? Go to pages 5 and 6 and confidence in this tick the boxes next to Q3-6. Then try them topic improves, once you've finished 1.1—1.4.' ex 48 1 Reasoning Sonia works out 42 x 4° like this: Look at the indoos [7 Werked 4XARAMAKARAR4 EM inthe queston and | example How can you quickly find 42 x 4° without writing all the 4s? Een 2 Write each product as a single power. Be a SxS... : ronjounutpy unto BEX T orca written as powers of the same cree umber, you add the indices. Single power means one . yer ‘number with a power. For example, 2. 3. Reasoning a Work out 23% 3%3*3%3 1 cancelling. Write your answer as a power of 3... 3x3x3x3 b Complete this: 3° + 3¢ = © How can you quickly find 3° + 3¢ without writing all the 3s? ‘When you divide numbers writen as powers of the 4 Write each of these as a single power same number, you subtract the indices. ages, b 555 © 4=4 When you work out the Power of a power, you 5 Write each of these as a single power. rmuttiply the indices. a (2F B10) an © (2)... Ageneral rules a rule that works for any numbers. Using letters shows that any 6 Reasoning Complete these general rules for any number a. rhumber can be substituted. aamxat=a-* bat+a=a © (a"yrsan* 7 Reasoning 3101560, 5 ‘a When you work out the answer to the divisions 3,75, ye, gp and za What do you notice about dividing a number by itself? So, St a 5 St gs St st & b Complete this pattern: = 8°, = 8 B= 5s = 5 ¢ Complete this statement: Any number to the power of zero 8 Write each calculation as a single power. RTE = ban ome Stat by ning eth ee x x Oy . 8 au = numbers poner 2 Tick each box as your @)@)@G)___ Need extra help? Go to page 6 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q7-9. Then try them once topic improves. you've finished 1.1-1.4. 312x9= 4 Work out a (5+7)x9= 3 b 8x(5- © 15% (12-2) x = d 18+(11~2) = (2048) 2 Work from left to right to work out the answers. E a 3x4+2=. el b9+3x8= © 18+7-55.. d9-7+11= 3 Work out a 3XTHS So BS Se b3e7x5=3+ © 40+20+5 site d 40+20+5=40 + 4 Work out Ee age c &-7 eo +2 g7+es 3x JB 344% 49 VBx3~-8=... 2+ V4§-5x2= aoce Work out a (7-5)... b 1000- Work out a B+4x6.. b 2x4, - VI83i Tick each box as your ase _ confidence in thi b 4+8= = d a@x3= f 2xd= ha2+4 (6-2 Work out the calculation In the brackets fist. ‘Always work out the ‘muliplication/division before the addition/subtraction. Work out the indices before ‘muttiplication/division and ‘addition/subtraction Use the 2” button ‘on your calculator Need extra help? Go to page 6 and tick t boxes next to Q10 and 41. Then try themCalculating with negative numbers 4 Work out Replace different signs with a minus (). Replace same signs with a plus (+). = Bi agt-7 b7~-9 evans: e-7- d-9+-7 fol <0 2 Work out For multiplying and dividing: same signs give a positive cee eearaceact fopaeatae | a a-5x9 ...., b 20 oo -2x-8 ...... . d 164-4 Prime factors 3 Write each product using index notation (powers). a TXTXTX5XEX5X5X2= 72x Se xX 2= bax tix 11x 11x 11x 11% 13x 13 © 2X 2X2K2Q2XSKHXSXTXTX TxTXT=P Wiite the factors in ‘numerical order: 2s, then §s, then 7s. Worked 4 a Drawa factor tree for each number until you end up with just prime factors. earnpl b Use index notation to write each number as the product of its prime factors. wy a] i Ln ‘Choose an easy ii 76 iii 468 rae =a factor part stat SE 10 | wt (660 = 66 x10), El 2and 5 are prime aA factors of 660. IY 660 = 2x x 5x 5 This is how James works out the HCF of 18 and 60. 18 =@x@x 3 ——_| circle each pair of common factors. 60 =@x2x@x5 Work out the HCF of each pair of numbers. a 32 and 40 b 45 and 75 First work out the prime factor decomposition(1) 6 This is how Sam works out the LCM of 18 and 60. 16 =Ox@x® Cirle one focor ata tne om ihe fvst number. Ifit appears in the second number, 60-=K x@xKx@ Gircle any factors that are not crossed off from the second number. LOM=2x*x 3x 3x 2.x 5 = 160 ———— {Mutiny alline circ factors together. First find the Work out the LCM of each pair of numbers. piston decomposition. a 20and 32 b 45 and 60 Indices and priority of operations 7 Write each calculation as a a Bx Worked DBE Bt me Bene Fon ae ax sane © Ox6 Esa) 5 [J 8 Write each calculation as a single power. & % a Pega geen z basa... PREKIBXIXS gree See © 107+ 10"... BRE 2 [_] 9 Write each calculation as a single power. a (6) = 58 x 5° = 5 B (BY = 3? X BE KK ee = 3 © (7 [J 10 Work out 8 (QP eco b 13+ (-27 © 13-(-2" negative * negative = 4 11 Copy and complete. ‘Do multiplication/division before a 2x5+6 b 7-3x2 © 4-11 addition/subtraction. Do indices before te oe ‘multiplicationldvision and addition! 7 subtraction. Do brackets before indices, muttipication/division and ‘addition/subtraction. f (5-947) -@+7) dee © (4+8)x7 Feeeee T1 Real Glenville recorded the temperature every four hours during one day. “12°C, -3.7°C, ~3.8°C, 4.3°C, 6.1°C, 22°C a Find the median temperature. b Estimate the mean temperature. © Work out the range. 2 Problem-solving / Reasoning Here is the prime factor decomposition of a number FQK EK es ‘Start by working out 2 « 3? ‘The number is less than 100. What is the number? Explain how you made your decision. 3 Reasoning The area of a square is 3° cm? ‘What is the length of one side? stom? Write your answer as @ power of 3. == Write each number as the product ofits prime Factors, 4-a Find the highest common factor of 18, 36 and 60. 18 =@x@x 3, 36 =@x 2 xO@Xx 3,60 = 2% 2K Key HCP b Find the lowest common multiple of 6, 10 and 14. x LCM 6 2X B10 = 2X vey 14 ¢ Joe has written two numbers as products of their prime factors: 2° x 3° and 2¢ x 3 Work out the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of the two numbers. 5 Work these out. Check your answers using a calculator. 343 ercre awe ; b VPS 8+8 g BEB+2 ° ema Varo 6 a Work out the prime factor decomposition of these numbers. i 160 180 ii = 240 b What is the HOF of 160, 180 and 2402... © What is the LCM of 160, 180 and 240?7 Write each of these as a product of primes. a 15x BX St set 7 b 2x 14x 7, First write 15° © 10° x 122 x 25% steretneemee Brey, 8 Evaluate these. Give each answer as a fraction in its simplest form. a 10x52 p Bee ¢ 2x8.20_0*x0_2_0 58 Ed .. xe BF oF o°o , 9 Use the formula s = ut + 3a? to work out the value of s when a a=4,t=3andu=5 ~Sandu=2 10 Problem-solving In these multiplication pyramids, the number in a brick is the product of the two bricks below it. Work out the missing entries. Write each answer in index form, : a x 2 2" x78 x x ax foo exe | axs | axs ext | axe |x P59 =D SE Bara xP 44 Reasoning Use your answers from @10 to help you complete these general rules. a x be axb a ax bx atx ba xb ax4 The recommended temperature of a domestic refrigerator is 4°C. ‘The recommended temperature of a domestic freezer is ~ 18°C. a Work out the difference in temperature. b An industrial freezer should be 4°C colder than a domestic freezer. What is the temperature of an industrial freezer? 2 Write each of these numbers as a product of prime factors, a 140 b 504 3 Write each calculation as a single power arx7 b 58x5 x58 © 10°F 1D rrrrnernnnrnernnee E(B) sue 4 Use your answers to Q2 to work out a the HCF of 140 and 504 b the LOM of 140 and 504. 5 Work out a7+3x2 b v6. oz ele a 5x3 e VRFTS . # V2... 6 Work out a 10--3 semen DB EX=B © ~20 d (8? e 2x f 10~ (1B x v2) 7 Match each white card to the correct shaded card. Gere) Coxe) Gee) Ex) When you have finished the Unit test, fill in the Progression chart on page 110.1. Use the inverse function to find each missing input. ‘function is a rule. The a b function +3 adds 3 to @ number. The inverse function is -3 > [xs ) 2 + [=s)—2 OE) O- Es) mesic ae ofthe function +3, o- —1 o- 12 2—+[4s)—s 2 Complete the function machines to solve these equations. 2— Gy —5 azx-5=3 b 2x=12 so[Es)}-> 2+ )—-12 ‘An equation contains an unknown number (a letter) and an =’ sign To solve an equation means to o-(_]-: ot jee ‘work out the unknown number. 3 Solve these equations. Balance the equation by ‘In an equation, the expressions on 4q atz=s8 multiplying both sides by 4. _both sides of the equals sign have 4 the same value. You can visualise ‘Check by replacing ¢in the them on balanced scales. 4%t_axe ‘equation with your solution, Weeds iz = \Visualise the function machines to decide Cheek: Ghichinors toe, To stay balanced, do the seme operation to both sides. t—o[e)—e ‘Ties-a) - | oe bx+5=19 it fe O--(x4 Je ‘This is called the balancing method. | 4a Write an equation for these six angles. FA What do the angles b Solve your equation to find the value of t. Gra staignt ing add up to? ‘and 5 children to a football match come to £54. child tekotn «achat cae An adult ticket costs twice as much as a child ticket. rs Work out the price of an adult ticket. Ee Te pera £54 BE 5 Problem-solving / Modelling Tickets for 2 adults Use ¢ to stand for the cost of a child ticket. Tick each box as your (3) © © Need extra help? Go to page 14 and tick ‘confidence in this the boxes next to Q1-3. Then try them once topic improves, : EeDraw function machi a 3r+2=14 ines to solve each equation. b 5p- 34 2—[a)- Use the balancing method 1o solve these equations. o—-(o | =O a3x+5=17 3x+5-5=17 3x = 12 a Check: 3 x... ‘STEM Substitute th o f+10=12 Balance the equation by _ 5 7 | subtracting 5 from each side. b 2r-5=11 Balance again by dividing both sides by 3. +5=17V } values given into each formula. ‘Then solve the equation to find the unknown value. ay=mx+e Find x when 17, lope b s=utt par Solve the equation -2x + 9 = -3. My answer is 49." Sande¢=—4. Work outa whens = 30, u=4andt=3. example Modelling Koa says, ‘| think of a number, multiply it by 4 and add 5. Worked a Write an equation to show Koa’s calculation. Use n for the numberhe thinks of | [a fa] 'b Solve your equation to work out Koa's number. Modelling Work out a tthe sizes of the angles. 1o More complex equations and working with formulae : [J 6 Use the formula W = ax ~ d to find the value of a when W= 3,2=7 andd=11. substitute in the ‘numbers you know, then solve to work out the value of a 7 Sole a 8(x- 2) =3(x +2) b 4(x +3) =6(r + 1) Se 10 = B8 + 6 cand the brackets. -10=6 “| subtract: oe seers | from both 148 Modelling a Write an equation for these angles... b Solve to find n. <2 ¢ Write down the size of the largest angle. 9 Work out the lengths of the sides of this rectangle. 443 ‘Write an equation. Find, then use this value to find the Bom length of each side, 10 a i 1 metre 5 metres = 12 metres b Complete. Length in cm = length in m % ose ¢ Which of these formulae converts between length in metres (m) and length in cm (c)? e ne 11 Problem solving Parth puts three sugar flowers on the top of each cupcake he makes, He knows that he breaks 4 flowers each time he bakes, ‘Write down how many flowers he should buy to make a 2cupcakes b 5 cupcakes... ¢ Which of these formulae should he use to work out the number of sugar flowers (s) he should buy for ¢ cupcakes? 15a 1 Use the formula S = 180(n ~ 2) to work out n when S= 720. 2 Modelling / Problem-solving The length of a rectangle is twice its width. : a Sketch the rectangle. Label ith a iam Write an expression for the length e5 peeves of the rectangle in terms of w. w includes the letter w. b The perimeter of the rectangle is 30 cm. ‘Work out the length and the width. 3 Modelling / Problem-solving Two consecutive integers add to make 165. What are these two numbers? La ‘rst number = a ‘ofthe two integers. Then add | An integer isa Fest number = Ry second number = 1 + 17 vou expressions together whole number. ‘Two consecutive n+n+i=2n+1 | __ Tho wo intogers acto make 165. integers come one en+1=165 ‘Write this as an equation, aftor the other on ‘number line. Solve your equation to find the 4and § are value of n (the frst number). consecutive numbers. Write down the two integers, So are 976 and 977. 4 Modelling / Problem-solving The sum of three consecutive integers is 78. ‘What are the three integers? Three consecutive integers come tone after the other on a number line. Three consecutive integers: n, n +1, n +2. 165 Real / Modelling Madison and Mason are twins. They have a cat called Humpty. The twins are ¢ years old and are 11 years older than Humpty. a The total age of all three is 34. Write an expression for their total age. b Write an equation and solve it to find t. © How old is Humpty? nn. Humpty’s age is ¢- 11. 6 Modelling Audrey is 4 years younger than her husband. Their total age is 154. What are their ages? 7 The sum of two numbers is 18. Theit difference is 4. Wet ure ocpianone tg What are the two numbers? represent the information you have been given. eg xt ay 8 I think of a number 3 less than 4 times my number is equal to 1 more than 2 times my number, What is the number | thought of? 9a= i +4and b= 2 “Try different values of b. What is the largest value that a could have? 7Solve these equations. ax-5=2 b 3x=27 Solve these equations. a 2 +4=10 b Work out the size of each angle in this triangle, Solve the equation 4(x + 1) = 2(x + 3). ‘These two rectangles have the same area. © 2e+3)=22 S2+10 22+ 10 Use the formula A = bh + 2h? to work out the value of B when h= 10 and A = 410. Work out the value of 2. 2x-y=7 If and y are both positive integers, give three possible pairs of values for x and y. Write a formula for converting someone's age in years (y) into their age in months (7). ‘When you have finished the Unit test, fill in the Progression chart on page 110.o 1. Write an expression for each perimeter Write your answer in its simplest form. ¢ Write an expression for the shaded area. a b IP +2y@ 2p? ~ 2s + 5 ae + age 2 a Add together any two of the expressions linked by lines. cerry b Repeat part a in as many different ways as you can. © Add all three expressions together. Ht dy Se Expand the brackets. Muitly 3 Expand and simplify terms inthe second a 5(x+9) + 2-7) FRA b 200+ 2)~240-+ 5) | baetatby 2 FS Et 28 — an ~P Eapand the brackets. | = 3a +......— 2a — = 7t + Peete tome | = Collect ike terms © 3(y-3) + ly +5) d 5(c + 1)-2(c-3) e 4(h-1)-3(h +2) yea 4 a Write an expression for the area of the larger rectangle. 'b Write an expression for the area of the smaller rectangle. ya f° 5 Reasoning The = and = signs are missing from these statements. Write the correct sign for each one to show whether it is an equation or an identity a Br t 2 SE b 2x43 5 © 3K A XOX Oi 3a® Ap? AD x2 © TE =Becon Ad +30 - 2-1 F AXP THBX Toes B+ BF Reasoning Show that 2°+ 2° bisxt+a% Tick each box as your @)@) ©) confidence in this topic improves. ‘An equation has an equals, () sign. Itis true for particular values. For example, 3x +2 only true for The identity symbol (=) shows that two expressions are always equivalent. For example, ztDetd a Be +4, ids Work out the value of both sides. :x* true for all values of x? Explain your answer. Need extra help? Go to page 24 and tick the box next to Q1. Then try it once you've finished 3.1-3.5. fi 194 Reasoning a Simplify i Rx 38 Bx 58 b Write a rule to explain what you do to indices when you multiply powers of the same variable. A variable is a letter that © Complete represents a number. UAXAXAXAXAK4AXA AXAXAXAKA EXO2XUXEXAX EXT EXER EXEXE d Write @ rule to explain what you do to indices when you divide powers of the same variable. ae, e Simplify i (3% (#7... sosee HHL GP f Write a rule to explain what you do to indices when you raise @ power of a variable to another power, as in Qte iil Simotity BEELER BPX P oes venoms 6 (CP Simplify and LAWL yp 3p? x 10p" oF Rewrite Sarah's answers in full a b Worked example Simplify 8 (BYP one b (2y). © (ay). Tick each box as your - oo Need extra help? Go to pages 24 and 25 confidence in thi and tick the boxes next to Q3-7. Then try topic improves. them once you've finished 3.1 Write down the common factors of a Gand 4p b Grand 10 Factors of 6: 1, 2, 3,6 Factors of 4p: 1, 2, 4, p, 2p, 4p Common factors of 6 and 4p: 1, 2 © Gand 12t Expanding removes brackets from ion. Factorising inserts 2 Write down the HOF of twadkot inoan expresses GE ANG 12 ones sxpend b 14 and 21x... od+3) = 6248 3. Complete these factorisations. 5 is @ common factor of both factoriea 2 Bx and 15. = Tofactorise 6a + 18, write the a r+ 15 = 5. + 3) "| wats sin onto te rack. |. Tari 6a 1, write the Divide both terms by 5 to work | Outside the brackets. This fe called bee a) cut the values in the bracket. | ‘taking out the common factor’ © 68-9 = Bl.) A 102-15 = 56) @ BEB =. (BE +.) f %r-5=...(5r-..) g ax +12 h 27-9x 4 Factorise each expression. Checkyour | Seems factorsaton a 5r+20 b 3x-12 byowandne | ES pay © 20x-10 d 5x25 the brackets. 4 e 12+6r. £ 9~36r 5 In how many different ways can the expression 6x + 12 be factorised? 6 Factorise completely. a4r+6 © 169+32 e 8-40 1g 1209 +40 7 Factorise completely. a 6a+26+8 b 20+ 30p+ 159 © ab+3a+9a..... confidence in this topic improves. Tick each box as your 60 © To factorise completely, ‘write the highest common factor outside the brackets, BEF AZ ore uy d 20d-5 f 8+ 18x nek h 4a+22y A 20+0+D) a Need extra help? Go to page 25 and tick the boxes next to Q8-9. Then try them once you've finished 3.1-3.1 Expand a x(x? + 3x) = 28 + z b 2y%5y?—3y) ma —. © Bx(42? + 2% +5) en 2 Expand and simplify Rint iene ds Bradiols j a 3(e + 2y) +2(24 + y) b 2a{a?-5)+4a(3 +0) Then ea ike terms 3 Write the highest common factor of each pair. a yandy'.... b anda oe 7) © 12x5 and 8x3 ab? ANd AB oor . ¥ xy 4 Factorise a 12¢°+ 8r—[ The HOF of t2etand xis Ar, |b 252° 10x simian tine 4x(3x + 2) highest common factor Croce eee] 4x(3x + 2) = 12x? + Bx pianiea © 2tx- 14x? d 24y + 18y? © 20y5 + 12° crcl 5 Problem-solving / Reasoning Show that each of these statements is an identity. Expand the let-hand side and rewrite it as the right-hand side, i 2x + dx2{x + 1) = 2x°(3x + 2) HW Sy(y? + 2y) — 2y(y* + 2y) = 2y"y +3) + b Work out the missing numbers in this identity. pip 2) pl2p* (p* -2)+ 3p Tick each box as your 60 © Need extra help? Go to pages 25 and 26 confidence in this and tick the boxes next to. Q10-12. Then try topic improves.1 Find the value of these linear expressions when p = 5, = 7 andr a 29 +5r =2x7+5x Alinear expression is one where the highest Powers 1, For example, 3x + 2 and 2p- are linear expressions. 32? + 2 is not a linear expression. b 3p+6)+g+r © 4(g-1)-6p 2 Substitute m= 2, n = 3 and p =—Sinto a m(3m + 4n) b rem + p*) © 3m(8-+n) +n? 3 Solve a 5p +7) =23 + 2(4p +3) Multiply out the brackets 5p + 35 =23 + 6p+6 5p + 35 = 6p +29 Collectike terms on the | right-hand side: 23+ 6 = 20 35 =e = OP = Pp aaa] sides. Rearrange to get lke terms on both imply and then save. | BF nse b 6(2q-3) = 26-4(q-9) © 3(6m—4) = 6m +7—4(1—m) 4 Problem-solving In this diagram the shaded shapes have the same area. B > ; >p>>2> 4 m8 rite an expression for the area of each shape 47 5 Work out the value of 2. Problem-solving A photograph is printed in the centre of a piece of paper measuring 7cm by (x + 8)cm. The photograph measures 5cm by (x + 6)cm. The area of the border around the photograph is 50cm? Sie Draw a diagram. a Work out the value of x, b Work out the dimensions of the paper and of the photograph. Need extra help? Go to pages 24 and 26 and tick the boxes next to Q2 and 13. Then try them once you've finished 3.1-3.5. Tick each box as your @)@) ©) confidence in this topic improves.Simplifying and substituting into expressions O 1 Complete How many 2? are there altogether? a 4x? + 3x? bb 5p? = 2p? =a © 2y2 + Ty? Ay? a [_] 2 Find the value of each expression when x = 3 and y= 5. axty +57 More simplifying (J 3 Simptity Tae 3 5 are pix? = DRDRDX PRD RD XDD cbxe (] 4 Simpiity 5 BPE DP cccnnn ype PRPRERD XP bra ee Xe ceee (J 5 Simplify a P biry w= xD) x DXP XOX) ¢ (ct 245 oO CL] 6 simpiiry a 38x 4g 3x4 “ Multiply the numbers | fist. Then multiply the Answer: .. ‘sees exe b 4n® x 7n? o oftx a 20a* 4a 2044 +a Answer... 2ae? 3c Divide the numbers first. Then divide the variables (laters) 1888 6b 7 Complete a (405° = 4a x 4a° = b (264)? © (c=. d (20)? rye ° (5) TE) ae (5) Expanding and factorising 8 a Whatis the highest common factor (HCF) of 2 and 67... 'b Complete the factorisation: 20 +6 = oesse ste Heceee) 9 Complete the factorisation: BOF 1B = are Goes Pee) Worked example Ese) Fe non ff the bracket 4 25(CJ 10 Use the grid method to expand these. a q+ 6) b K{k-2) a G teare el @ @x6-0 © nn +4) 31 -2h) 1 =2h anil B 11 Show that this identity is true. Sp? + Sp*p—2) = TpHlOp—1) +p LMS = 5p? + 3p*(3p — 2)—__ RHS = 7p%(2p — 1) + p? ~sowesss | Expand the brackets on the left-hand side and simplify. | — = Expand the brackets on the righthand side and simplify. | =... 7 te] E 12 Factorise completely Look at the numbers. What is the a 2x? + 6x8 . highest common factor? B15Y°—10Y oes Look atthe variables. Is there a 7 letter that appears in every term? © Bp? + 20p Ifyes, what is its lowest power? di 20r3 - 50r*.. e 18a‘— 27a? f 14b%c? + 18be......... Solving equations SR gocs +7) =15- = ‘Step 1; Expand the brackets a 8a +7) = 15-91-25) One tanta oe =, and simplify f you can. ‘Step 2: Expand the brackets on the lefehand side ofthe b 2(4x—3) = 52 -3(x + 1) ‘Step 3: Solve the equation. Stop 4: Substitute your value of «into the original ‘equation to check. © 3(x +5) = 8x + 14-3(2x—1) d 4(5 + 31) = 7x + 5 -2(3-42)a s=ut+tare where s = displacement (metres), u = initial velocity (metres per second, m/s) = time (seconds) and a = acceleration (metres per second per second, m/s?) Work out the displacement, s, when a u=10,a=2and1=5 b u=45,a=—10 and t=8 2 Reasoning Here are an equilateral triangle and a square. a Wiite an expression using brackets for the perimeter of B 1 STEM / Modelling You can use this formula to find displacement (distance travelled), s: F the triangle ..sssee 7 _ the square... Ea za eens b Write an expression, in its simplest form, for the difference between the perimeters of the two shapes when i the perimeter of the triangle is greater than the perimeter of the square ii the perimeter of the square is greater than the perimeter of the triangle. © Explain what you notice about your two answers to part b. 3 Factorise completely a 12x + 1622+ 212 b 10a?- 15ab + 25a 2 © 182x222? + 36x°y'z? — 45xty'2* 4 Problem-solving Both of these expressions have been factorised completely. Work out the missing terms. 462 ~ ab — 3a? Worked example @ 10pg + 20p? ~ cesses. PP 25... sees (2G #4 cccessrererenee “BQ bé y+ 18x? we 21 PF occccsen YlQt +5 -Ta ) 5 Find the value of each expression when a = 3, b = -5 and ¢ = -4. 7 a (a~cj?—4b.. cite b WF... noe In part b, work out the value using a and c before be~ 2a taking the square root 6 Find the value of each expression when x 2_y=(2? _ (le 24 a xv (8) - (3) b any (3/3 argE 7 Problem-solving / Reasoning The diagram shows a parallelogram ABCD. D A Ly c 8 a Write an expression for the size of i angle ABC...... angle BCD. Gti. What isthe total of two angles next to each other in a parallelogram? b Write an equation using the fact that angle BCD = 4(x + 2) and your answer to part ai ¢ Solve your equation to find the value of x. d Work out the sizes of the angles in the parallelogram. Explain how to check your answers are correct. 8 Problem-solving In this spider diagram, the six expressions are all equal to the expression in the middle. Complete the spider diagram. 9 Problem-solving a Match each expression in the first row (labelled A to G) to the correct simplified expression in the second row (labelled 1 to 8). A 8 c D E wee | ano | exan | se | See a 2 a 4 Gi 6 7 & pw corte Et ease et seeere il art wer ee b There is one simplified expression left over. 28 Write the expression that goes with this simplified expression.1 Simplify A102 = 72 cornineene DB Aye + Sy — ye Sy 2 Simplity . ae a px p Seeaat b © (9) Dex pi rs ry 7 @xal 7 dex exe’ 7 ¥ (ney 3 Expand (2? — 82) oro b 3pQp+f-4) 4 Expand and simplify a 2(Sx +2) + 2x(3x +7) b Sy(2y — 3x + 1) — Syly ~ 2) 5 Factorise a 3d-12 : B 126 $16 veverncinnnnnne € 18-10. 6 Which of these are identities? a 4p+3p+6-8=7p+1 bg+g+5=2459 © 3x r+4xr-2x7=7(r-2) 7 Factorise completely a 6x2 + 18x nee Be 25y ~ 18y2 + 10y8 8 Find the value of each expression when p= 4, q =~ and r= 7. a 2(p+5)+4q b S(p—g)-(P +g) © 2° + par d v@rr 9 Solve 4(x +3) = 11 -7(z-8) 10 Simplify 28 a 52° x 2x4 b ae setae, © (B28)? 7 Pye exe 4 (22 e (5) of SS When you have finished the Unit test, fill in the Progression chart on page 110.41 Work out the area of each parallelogram. Area of a parallelogram = bh ‘Area of a parallelogram ase length * perpendicular height =10x 5 xh =bh : The perpendicular helght is the height measured at right angles to the base. 2 Work out the missing measurement for this parallelogram. on om? Ele a Som 3 Work out the area of each triangle. ‘ea ofa triangle acm, 3 sem don ‘20m sem mealcetpi Make sur all the lengths rae foreach shape are inthe 7 = same unit, bx. = MBH 4 Work out the missing measurement for this triangle. Area etna coy you know into the Formula ortho oreo, a then sotve the equation Tom 5 Problem-solving Sachita makes a flag from black and grey cloth. The three trangles are isosceles. Work out the total area of cloth Sachita needs, 40cm team 6 Work out the area of each trapezium. a Som b Sem ee Aree ofa wapezium = ya's 8) h — AX Tick each box as your 60 © Need extra help? Go to page 38 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q1, 2 and 4. Then try them topic improves. once you've finished 4.14.8.1 Calculate the total area of each shape. a b adem? Rome : ae 8: 520m 2 Calculate the area of each shape. : a fom b . Tom & S| sam sin Tam 4 on ‘mm 3 Real Kasia wants someone to paint the side of her house, t >p>2> 3m Ueto Ie ts, +" spit tne wal into a a Whats the area of the side of her house? rectangle and a triangle. Give your answer in square metres. a es Danilo charges $4.50 per square metre for painting, b How much will Danilo charge for painting the side of the house? 4 Problem-solving Work out the shaded area of each shape. by 20m 20m 5 Real/ Problem-solving Three congruent trapeziums and two congruent parallelograms are pressed out of @ metal strip. What area of the metal strip is unused? 160mm on[f\eNel TN 25mm 20mm Tick each box es your @)@)G)_Need extra help? Go to page 38 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q3. Then try it once you've topic improves. finished 4.1-4.8, 31* a 1 Sketch a net for each cuboid. neh a b Anet is a 2D shape that 0.5m folds to make a 3D solid, 4em Bm am Bem em Dem 2om 2em Gam 4em Oem Gem 2 ee Oem Oem Oem Oem Fora sketch you should use a ruler and a pencil, but you don't need to i measure the lengths accurately. B 2 Look at these nets. A B O c oO Which one folds to make a a cone b a square-based pyramid........ © a cylinder?... 3. Write down the number of faces, edges and vertices in this cuboid. 3D solids have faces (lat surfaces), edges (where two faces meet) and vertices (comers). A single corner is called a vertex. Vor Edge a 4 Problem-solving Look at this cuboid. You can cut a cuboid into two equal parts. Sketch the new 30 solids you would make if you cut it a horizontally b vertically © diagonally. 2om Tick each box as your @)@)@)_ Need extra help? Go to page 38 and tick confidence in this i box nest 1296; Then try ones yous fopicimproves. “finished 41-48.4 The diagrams show a cube and its net se Work out the surface area of the cube. a e area jem The surface area ofa hocm oom Soars: Tem toon is the total area of all What is the surface area of each cube? Se: ae b a2mmby2mmby2mmcube a cube with edge length tem Work out the surface area of each cuboid b tomm 2em Som Surface area Area of top face Area of front face cm Area of side face x em? Sum of 3 faces a Total surface area = 2X sees = sens M® Problem-solving A cube has a surface area of 96cm’. a What is the area of each face? 'b What is the length of one edge? Real / Problem-solving Faroug wants to paint the outside of this metal container. He cannot paint underneath the container He has 4 cans of paint. Each can covers 20m’. Will this be enough? Explain your answer. 0m topic improves. finished 4.1-4.8. Tick each box as your @&)@)G)_Neod extra help? Go to page 39 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q6. Then try it once you've 334 Acube has a side length of Scm. What is the volume of the cube? pact Volume of a cube = side length (1) cubed = P = 5* =...... 2 Problem-solving A cube has a surface area of 150cm?, Sco Als ‘a What is the area of one face?.... ossssseennenns SketCH a cube. - b What is the length of one side? . ¢ Whatis the volume of the cube? The volume of a solid shape is the ‘amount of 3D space it takes up. The units of volume are cubic units - (e.g. mm?, cm, m). 7 3 Calculate the volume of each cuboid. a b c Rees ‘Volume of a cuboid length x width » height 2em xwehk bok : wy, “NaeZ om height fom 1.8m 5 lu fenath Volume = lwh rn eats =6x4x2 = cm? E 4 Complete these conversions. sane SS The cacy contin 7 2 ‘s how much it can hold. The . b Scm= ml 1000. om? FJ om* rililizes (mi) and ites (0 7 +1 mille (mi) = 4m © eeeeeelittes = 5125 0m? +1 litre (2) = 10006? 5 Real / Reasoning For a drive through Spain in the summer, Greg buys a car-fridge with internal measurements 25cm by 200m by 30cm. a Work out the capacity in cm? b Work out the capacity in litres. sei Greg estimates that he will be able to fit seven 2-litre bottles of water in the fridge, ¢ Explain why he might be wrong. 6 Problem-solving A 10cm by 10cm by 10cm cube has a Som by 5om square hole cut right through it. 7 What is the volume of the remaining solid? pom aes Tick each box as your) @) © Need extra help? Go to page 39 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q7. Then try it once you've topic improves. finished 4.14.8.1 Which unit of area would be sensible for measuring a the area of a smartphone b the area of Italy. ¢ the area of a netball court? B 2 Real A rectangular runway measures 2.4km by 250m, How many hectares is this? Area = 2.4km x 250m = 2400 x 250 = mi Number of hectares 3 These squares are the same size. tem ‘a Write in the missing measurements. b Work out the area of i square A...........m? © Complete these sentences. i To convert from cm? to mm? To convert from mm? to om?... ii square B mm? Itis important to be able to choose the most suitable metric units for ‘measuring. Some of the metric units that you already know are ‘mm, em, m, km (length) +mm?, om, m?, km?, hectares (area) Convert km to m and then m? to hectares. Ahectare is 10 000m. Tem Cnn 4 Complete these conversions. Gin. [Wonea a Bem? = 8 x 10 = 600mm? example +10 +100? +1000" b 57500cm? = me So Sa © snes Cm? = 960mm? mm? om? om? 4 Www tw a m? = 8.5km? xt? 100? 1000" 80.2? = ascoeene OME BOOM? = as coseene KM? 5 Problem-solving The base of a swimming pool is to be tiled using small square tiles of side length 2cm. The base is @ 12m by 4m rectangle. How many tiles are needed? 6 Complete these conversions. om? = 66mm? m? = 1250000m? a 120m? = © 1.7EMS = a scoenene OME d mm? b 10° +1007 mo mm cm? a? ww x10 100" & 7 Problem-solving A toy manufacturer needs to ship (transport) 100000 toys from China to the USA. Each toy is in a box measuring 25cm x 25m x 10cm, and the shipping containers measure 42m x 2.5m x 25m a b How many containers does the company need to transport all 100000 toys at once? Need extra help? Go to page 39 and tick the boxes next to Q9 and 10. Then try them ‘once you've finished 4.14.8, 36 Tick each boxas your @)@) ©) confidence in this topic improves.E 1 Draw the plan, the front elevation and the side elevation of the solid Sheri, Oy] The plan is the view from above the object. 26m ‘The front elevation is the viow of the front of the object H Som ‘The side elevation is j 71 the view of the side of Plan Front Side thenblect : Plan Fl Bem — 7 Sem Lit — Feoht 2 These solids, drawn on an isometric grid, are made from centimetre square cubes. Draw the plan, the front elevation and the side elevation of each solid. paid fe eee ey q \ ; If you have them, use cubes to make the solid. e 3 Problem-solving Here are the plan, front and side elevations of an irregular 3D solid, ‘Then draw it on the isometric grid below. Plan Front Side Tick each box as your ee© © Need extra help? Go to page 39 and tick ‘confidence in this the box next to Q8. Then try it once you've topic improves. : finished 4.14.8.4 Problem-solving The diagram shows the dimensions B 6 Problem-solving The white triangle has an 1 Problem-solving A medicine bottle says, Take three ia LR NE 5ml spoonfuls three times per day’ The bottle contains 0.2 litres. volume can be converted. Ranjeev has to take the medicine for 5 days. ‘ml = tem’, 50 4 litre = 1000em* 's there enough medicine in the bottle? Explain your answer, 2. Ian is using his calculator to solve some problems. Which value, A, 8 or C, should he enter for each measure? a Sm 5em (in metres) A55 B 5.05 Cc 5.005 b 444ml (in litres) A 4.44 B 0.444 Cc 0.0444 © 3kg 30g (in grams) A 33000 BB 30080 ~—«-¢ ‘3030 d 2tonnes 2kg (in tonnes) A 2.2 B 2.02 © 2.002 TEE Ga bolg @ 1 litre 100 mi (in cm*) A 1100 Bil c 0.0011 3 Work out the volume of this shape. omy, om Start By working out how many small boxes «ill ft along the length of a small box in the shape of a cube. Allarge box has dimensions 50cm by 40cm by 10cm How many small boxes will fit into the large box? ‘of the large box. B 5 Problem-solving A cuboid has a height of 7om and a width of 9cm. Its volume is 661.5cm®. Work out the surface area of the cuboid Use the volume to work out the length of the cuboid first. area of 1.5m The area of the purple triangle is smaller than the area of the white triangle, ‘Work out the height of the purple triangle. Tick each box as your &)(G)G) Need extra help? Go to page 39 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q11. Then try it once you've topic improves. finished 41-48. 736 Area of shapes 4 Use the formula area of a triangle = 3 x base length * perpendicular height to work out the area of each triangle. “The base length and the perpendicular height must be at right angles (90°) to each other. 7 b i 1 Forparta, area =} xox h=3x4%3=2%3=Ome t én 45mm am| ‘ —in —tom—— Imagine making the or parallelogram into a 2 Calculate the area of the parallelogram. SEH rectangle by moving part of the shape to the other side. som : 3. Work out the area of this shape. Sen Area of rectangle =1x w= 24% Area of triangle Area of shape = area of rectangle + area of triangle 4 Calculate the area of the trapezium. isd Worked ‘cm : 7 area = Ha + b)h ca D Liz \ aa 5 x o=13 43cm a = em? Working with 3D solids (1 5 Which of these nets wil fold to make a triangular prism? = You could draw a b c d f the shapes and cut them out. Ty to fold each one a triangular prism.6 Complete the table to find the surface area of the cuboid. Face ‘Area ‘Top 5 x 2 = 10cm? Bottom Front 5x 3 = 15cm? Back Left 2x3 = Gem Right Total surface area Calculate the volume of the cuboid in Q6. Volume =I xwxh BK aM su = an 8 Draw the plan and the front and side elevations of the triangular prism. Measures of area and volume Sem Sem a 2m oom ES 9 a Work out the area of the rectangle in m?, 42m Area = Xcess a b Convert the area of the rectangle to cr. ro 2 a 10000 +—+—}. "+1000 em? 40000 20000 30000 10 Complete these conversions. mm? cm? = 22500mm* cm? m = 6.5 million cm? yom 2 9 C18, xoC™ 4 +4 Fo \ an? ) me Le? S&P 11 Acube has a surface area of 54cm®. a Find the length of each side of the cube. How many faces does b Work out the volume of the cube. a cube have? What is the area of each face? 394 The volume of water in a swimming pool in the shape of a cuboid is 120m*. and 5m wide. The water comes to 12cm from the top of the pool. a Calculate the depth of water in the pool Volume = base x height x width 120m ‘Sketch the water in the pool. Put the measurements you know on your sketch. The pool is 18m long 2 Problem-solving The diagram shows a badge in the shape of a right-angled triangle. What percentage of the badge is white? Write your answer to the nearest whole number. Percentage of white = Worked ‘example <2om>e2eme<2em> area of white area of triangle a Work out the areas ofthe tangle and the parallelogram. 3 Problem-solving This parallelogram and this trapezium +35mm> have the same area ‘What is the perpendicular height of the trapezium? ~—a5en—> Worked Make sure all measurements | example ‘retin the same units. 4 Work out the shaded area of each shape. a b © cm| 4m Bem 6m 40cm 10cm —— im ares = oem EB 5 Reasoning Look at this cuboid. Kf; tom a Calculate the volume of the cuboid. : tealtel (ee b Calculate the surface area of the cuboid. ¢ How can four of these cubsids be put together to. make a cuboid with the smallest surface area? 406 Acube has a volume of 27cm®. The cube is cut into three equal cuboids. What is the surface area of one of the cuboids? 7 Calculate the volume of each solid, toom Tem 480M 100m ———_— em 200m 3em D>p>dd2D First calculate any missing lengths. — Then divide the em shape into cuboids and work out the volume of each cuboid separately. 48em 8 Calculate the surface area of this triangular prism. if Le fen 20m 414 Work out the area of this shape. 2 Foreach shape work out i the volume ii the surface area. a b Sem 100m 100m ‘em tocm tom: 3 Work out the area of each shape. a © Sem Bem 150m 4 The diagram shows a cuboid. Ti eerste a Draw the cuboid on the isometric grid. lscm : 7 : A : 7 On the square grid, draw PEEPEEEEE St b the plan of the cuboid dem EEE eat ¢ the front elevation of the cuboid eat 7 : 7 d the side elevation of the cuboid. . i . i . ; 5 Complete these conversions. a 7.2m*= b 990mm? ¢ 630mi= 2em, 6 The diagram shows a shape made up of cuboids. Work out 7 ’ em, 2m a the volume ‘ zona b the surface area. % cat —> <+sanal [7 Dem Shem ‘When you have finished the Unit test, fill in the Progression chart on page 111.1 Real / Problem-solving This graph can be used to convert wen two quanti are in dvect approximately between pounds (Ib) and kilograms (kg). ‘proportion Conversion graph for pounds and kilograms + plting thom asa graph gives a es - Straightline through the eign (0.0) + when one quantity is zero, the other quantity is also zero + when one quantity doubles, so does the other. Draw a vertical ine from 3.5 pounds to the graph, From this point on the graph draw a horizontal ine to the ‘Kilograms' axis, OTS Te eT ES Pounds Are pounds and kilograms in direct proportion? . b Complete: 3} pounds = .. kilograms. © Complete: 4 kilograms pounds d Which is heavier, 1 kilogram or 2 pounds? Phone charges 2 Real A phone company charges a monthly fee for line rental and an amount per minute for phone calls. This graph shows the costs. a Ave the call time and the total cost in direct proportion? Explain your answer Total cost (£) b Shaun spent 50 minutes on the phone in March. How much was his March bill? In April Shaun's bill was £17.80. How. long had he been on the phone? oi 2 % 4 80 eo d What is Shaun's monthly charge for line rental? Tine (ket) 3. STEM Ina science experiment, the volume of @ gas was measured at different temperatures. The table shows some of the results. 7 ‘Temperature (°C) | 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 100 Volume (cm) 114 [124 [134 [144 | 154 a Plota line graph for these values. b Are temperature and the volume of the gas in direct proportion? Explain your answer. 4 Real Are these in direct proportion? Write yes or no. a US dollars ($) and pounds (£) a b The weight of a person and their age, from 0 to 20 years... Cost and hours worked by a plumber who charges a call-out f€€ «0 SET Pints and litres eee visualise a graph. Tick each box.s your @&)@)G) Need extra help? Go to page 48 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q1 and 2. Then try them topic improves. once you've finished 6.1-5.5. 434 Finance The line graph shows the share price of a bank on the first Monday of each month in 2013. ‘Share prices on the first Monday of each month in 2013 ‘Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun’ Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Deo: Month Describe the overall trend in the share price ifs Graphelean help you ldenety tongs hits during 2013. data. The trend is the general direction of the cchange, ignoring the individual ups and downs. b What was the difference in share price between January and December? ¢ In which month did the price reach a minimum before increasing again? d Carla bought 120 shares at the beginning of March and sold them The profit isthe selling price at the beginning of November. What was her profit? minus the buying price 2 Finance The graph shows Postage charges the cost of sending @ medium 40 =I0t sgt sized package by first class post. ‘The open circles ‘show that the lower value of each graph line fs not included in the interval a How much does a parcel weighing 7kg cost to post? b How much does a parcel weighing 10kg cost to post? Helen paid £33.40 to post her parcel. How heavy was it? Tick each box as your GG) EG) Need extra help? Go to page 49 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q5. Then try it once you've | topicimproves. 9 finished 5.1-5.5, else as1. Sam walks from his house to Will's house. On his way home he stops at a shop. The distance-time graph shows his journey there and back. ‘Sams journey e nn Adistance-time graph represents ajournoy. The vertical axis represents the cistance from the starting point. The horizontal ‘axis represents the time taken, Distance (m) o 7 2 2 4 9 6 Time (minutes) a How far away does Will ive from Sam? b How long does Sam stay at Wills house?...... ¢ How long does Sam spend at the shop on his way home? d_How long does it take Sam to get from his house to Will's house? @ How long does it take Sam to get from Will's house to the shop? 2 Lisa'is driving from Manchester to London for a meeting. She records her distance from home every half hour. Time: 9.30am [10am [70.30am | tiem [11.30am | 12pm | 12.30pm | 1pm | 1.50pm Distance from home o 30 60 95 | 130 | 130 | 165 | 190 | 200 (miles) ‘a Show this information on a graph. Compound meesures combine measures of two different quantities ‘Speed is a measure of distance travelled and time taken. It can be measured in ‘metres per second (mis), kilometres per hour (krn/h) or miles per hour (mp). b When did Lisa stop for a break? ¢ Lisa spent most of the journey on the motorway before arriving at the outskirts of London. At what time You can calculate average do you think Lisa arrived at the Speed you know te den outskirts of London? sand the "Beiace Spee “ime d Calculate Lisa's average Worked speed between example i 9.30am and 11.30am Hi 1pm and 1.30pm Tick each box as your ® (@) © __ Need extra help? Go to page 48 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q3 and 4. Then try them topic improves. once you've finished §.1-5.5. 451 Finance / Modelling The graph shows the value of 2 motorbike. ate of change graph shows how a Estimate the value of the motorbike when it is 3 years old. a quantity changes over time, Value of motorbike b Between which two years did the value change the most? ¢ Between which two years did the value change the least? d When is the motorbike worth 50% of its original value? e Will the value of the motorbike ever reach zero? oe 4 6 8 m iz J a, 2 Water is poured into this container at a steady rate. a Which fills faster, the wider parts or the narrow part? b Circle the graph which shows how the depth of water in this container changes over time. s @ z 2 ae Tine 3 The five containers below are filled with water. a graph form a straight line, a Match each container to its graph (one has no graph). line, the relationship is non-linear. ‘ ii iti v i Js the rate of water Pacer | | the time? a | or faster? i 3 : i 3 . . 3s i i i i 41 2 3 4 b Sketch a graph for the container that has no graph. Tick each box as your (3) eC © __ Need extra help? Go to page 49 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q6. Then try them once topic improves. you've finished 5.1-6.5.1 Real The graph shows the price of petrol. a What is unusual about the vertical scale on the graph? b Use the values in the table to draw a graph with a vertical scale of 10p, 20p, ... © Describe the trend in the price of petrol between 1900 and 2000. Price (pence) Price of petrol per litre PePPPPPP PLS Year Year Cost 1900) 1p 4910 1.2p. 1930 1.59) 7940 | 22p i950 | 3.3p 7960 | Sip 1970 7.3p 1980. 28p 1990 47p) 2000 8p 2 Finance These two graphs show the same figures for average house prices in England. a Ant says, ‘House prices s s increased rapidly & S o®. e between 2006 and S 3 2010.’ Which graphis 8 ze he using? ies its b His estate agentsays, gy ge 9 ‘House prices have e ES almost been constant’ 2 s Which graph is vs z oe o rt she using? SLESTSSSS —— PS ¢ Whats the actual Year increase in the average house price between 2006 and 2013? Tick each box as your 6600 confidence in this topic improves. A Average house price in England Need extra help? Go to page 49 and tick the box next to Q7. Then try them once you've finished 5.1-5.5, B Average house price in England 40Direct proportion (C1 1 Real Circle the graphs which show a b e cycle hire Value of a car > 1 > > Pounds (€) Time Hours [] 2 The graph shows the conversion between pounds (£) and euros (€). a When Dave is holidaying in France, he spends €6 in a shop. How much is this in pounds? b Dave spends €12 on a meal. How much is this in pounds? ... ¢ When Dave returns from holiday, he changes his euros back into pounds Ese at the bank. He gets £12. How many i Worked example Distance-time graphs a ; euros did he change?... lan travelled by car to visit his sister in hospital He left home at 1 pm. He drove 60km in 45 minutes. He stayed at the hospital for 1 hour 30 minutes and then drove directly home, arriving home at 4.15 pm. a Draw a distance-time graph to show lan's journey. b Give your graph a ttle 4 The Bradshaws travel home after a stay with relatives. a How many times did they stop during the journey? .. b How many miles does one small square on the vertical axis represent? © Whatis the total distance from their relatives to home? d_ How many minutes does one small square on the horizontal axis represent? Whats the total time to travel home? f Inwhich section were they travelling fastest? @ Work out the average speed in miles per hour using the formula total distance in miles _ average speed = 2 CStence aims = total time in hours. >p>>2> Which graphs show a straight line through the origin? é 5 3 2 3 3 i é e 5 1018 Pounds (&) g8 ae 8 8 po 2pm Som apm Spm ‘The Bradshaws' journey 200) 180 160 140 120 100 Distance (miles) 40 20 ; Soe oe SP FI IIS TimeReal-life graphs ‘Average cost of fish and chips in UK 5 Finance The graph shows the average cost of fish and chips 4.49 in the UK since 1950, 4 ‘a How much does one square on the vertical ta axis represent?...... b What was the average cost of fish and chips in ee B 1970 .eesee Hi 2000?...... ee ¢ In which year was the average cost of fish and chips 83p?... i : 1s 6 The graphs show the power output of four different wind turbines 12 as the wind speed increases. O50 Match each description to the correct graph. ° a Turbine A’s power output increases steadily. FE LISLE S b Turbine B's power output increases steadily at wind speeds oer up to 30mph. At wind speeds over 30mph the increase is steady 1 2 but more rapid. © Turbine C produces a little power to start with but gradually increases power output d Turbine D produces a little power to start with, gradually 3 i increases power output until wind speeds reach S0mph, then power output remains constant. . 7 Finance These two graphs show the same figures for the average price of unleaded petrol in the UK from 17 December 2013 to 31 January 2014. 1 Average pric of petrol (per tre) B Average price of petrol (perlite) 10 1204 100 Fw boo 8 40 a 2. 1288 FAIA FFF SS KK 8 x Fp gr or Gre oy Bs PIPPI PII FFF Date Date Source: DECC a The Environment Agency reports, ‘Petrol prices are almost constant’. Which graph are they using? b Alorry driver says, ‘Petrol prices fell at the end of December, rose after the beginning of the year and then decreased,’ Which graph is he using? © What was the actual decrease in petrol price between 13 January and 27 January 2014? Work out the percentage decrease in the price of petrol between 23 December 2013 and 27 January 2014. = aolual decrease Percentage decrease = 20uaLGestease x 199 4950 1 Be? EB 1} Model 1g The graph shows the average rainfall and maximum temperature in Manchester. a Onaverage, which month is 1 the warmest : 22 the driest? 3 Kerry is planning a trip to Manchester. She is considering going in either April or October. Manchester climate ‘Temperature (°C) b Use the graph to work out 6 the temperature in 3 T i April. li October... OT Shy oie ° FPF CPSP SKF gf Use the graph to work out the rainfall in * i T Apt eee Ht October an. am Rainfall (mm) +++ Temperature d Inwhich month should Kerry go to Manchester? —e 4 miles hours A motorsport driver travelled approximately 312.5 miles in 2} hours. Calculate his average speed in miles per hour. -O € 125-26 5 + Oro Modelling Dev travelled from Manchester to Edinburgh for a meeting, a distance of 210 miles. His average speed on the way there was 60 mph and on the way back it was 70 mph. Dev's meeting lasted 23 hours. a Draw a distance-time graph to show this information. £ b Calculate Dev's average travelling speed for the journey. + Work out the average speed of each of these journeys. a Aplane travels 216 miles from London to Paris in 1 hour 15 minutes. - b A tortoise walks 348 metres in 1 hour 40 minutes. Real The graph shows the volumes of petrol and diesel delivered in the UK between 1970 and 2012, Volume of motor fuel delivered in the UK Wiesel Det! a Approximately how many litres of diesel were delivered in the UK in i 1970 sin ii 20107 b Describe the trend in the amount of diesel delivered in the UK since 1970. © Describe the trend in the amount of petro! delivered in the UK since 1970. 1970 1976 1982 1988 1934 2000 2006 2012 aa Source: DECC On the whole, is more or less motor fuel being delivered in the UK? Explain your answer.6 Modelling The Waltons are planning a city holiday and are choosing between Rome and New York. Rome climate New York climate ? E i a 2 SSS ° o ey 0 FEL EHS S PLP LH FES ELSE S PLIFSF : Month Month B Reinfall (mm) = Temperature (0) 1 Rail (nm) =~ Tempertue (°0) a Whatis the temperature in August in i Rome sorte New York? b Whatis the rainfall in January in 1 Rome... It New York? ¢ Explain what feature of these graphs makes it difficult to compare the weather in Rome and New York. d Mrs Walton says, ‘The graphs show that New York is always warmer and wetter than Rome.” Is she correct? Explain your answer. 7 Real These graphs show the numbers of people using a social media website per month. A Soctal media website users B Social media website users . 1200 Jr200 F ao 3 so00 J 20 é 2 160 =o 2 3 400 = x» 3 g§ 10 4 20 i 2 2 o > 7 9 20042005 20082007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2004 2005 200520072000 200920102011 2012 2018 ‘eae ‘ear a In the Graph A, what does one square on the vertical axis represent? b Describe how the vertical scale changes on Graph B. © Inwhich year was the website launched? d_How many people used the website in i 2005 20102 Which graph was the most useful for answering each question in part d?.. 515 The graph shows the average annual salary 1 Tara cycles to'@ shopping centre. 16 On the way home she stops to buylunch, 4a e2 a How long was Tara at the £F io. shopping centre? ... g 2 8 b Which was the slowest part of 224 the journey? 8 Sam 10am tam Time © What was her average speed from the shopping centre to home? 2 The graphs show the races swum by four different swimmers. Match each description to the correct graph. a Swimmer A starts off fast and gradually slows down... b Swimmer B swims at a constant speed throughout the race. © Swimmer C starts off slowly and then gradually increases speed. : d_ Swimmer D swims at a fast constant speed, and then at a slower constant speed. 18pm) Mik kil 3 Aplumber charges a call-out fee and then [Time (hours). a 5 an hourly rate, Cost (€) a0_| 130 155 ‘Some of his charges are shown in the table. a Draw a graph to show this information. Plot Time on the horizontal axis and Cost on the vertical axis. Use suitable scales. b What's the plumber's call-out charge? © What is his hourly charge?.... d Are time and cost in direct proportion? Explain. 4 Circle the graphs which show direct proportion, a b © a © 40 0004 for a particular job over the last 50 years. B35 000 30 000. a Estimate the average salary 3 75 000 i Z 20000 i atpresent...... it 20 years ago E20 Iii 30 years ago. § 10000 | b Describe the trend in salaries over the last 50 years. 3 °° Zz ‘80 Number of years ago 1 present1. Round these numbers to 1 decimal place. “fe round a decivial iS daca ade Cap 472=4. ccconnnsa 100K at the cigit inthe second decimal place. It * Z- b BA. the digits less than 5, round down. Ifthe dgitis 2s less than 5 50 round down, 5 or more, round up. Write the number in the first © 82.96 cnn DFO18 ccc, S20 place, even i the numbers 0. 2 Real Alistair scores 17, 16, 17 and 25 runs in his first four innings of 2014. Calculate his mean score. Round your answer to 1 decimal place. 3 Problem-solving Elaine writes an answer of 8.7 correct to 1 decimal place. ‘What could her number have been, correct to 2 decimal placesi...... An 4 Round these numbers to 2 decimal places. rai NS al UBSSR Hib eK a 12.368 = 12.37 ——| 8's more than 5 s0 round up. at the digit in the third decimal place. B AB.AB6 con © 30.308... d 8.997. B 5 Use a calculator to write these fractions as decimals correct to 2 decimal places. 8 Fee Workoutt+7 bg eg 6 Reasoning Joanne says that 32.999 rounded to 2 decimal places is 33, 7 a Explain why Joanne is wrong, b What is the correct answer?... 7 Finance Chloe buys a pack of five batteries for £1.99. How much does each battery cost? Round your answer to the nearest penny. 8 V15 = 3.872983346 ‘To round a decimal to 3 decimal places, Round this number to 3 decimal places. ook at the digit in the fourth decimal place. 7 9 Problem-solving Emma writes down an answer of 7.48 correct to 2 decimal places. Circle the two numbers which could have been her unrounded answer. TATE 7.485 7.484 7.4727 40 Problem-solving Write down a number with 3 decimal places that would round to ‘a 6 to the nearest whole number and §.7 to the nearest tenth b 5.5 to the nearest tenth and 5.55 to the nearest hundredth. Tick each box as your 60 © __ Need extra help? Go to page 61 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q1 and 2, Then try them topic improves. once you've finished 6.1-6.8,z 4 Find 5 a 4525 x 0.01. b 22.40.01 © 777% 0.01. 2 Find 887 FO ecsseneee b 234 + 0.001... © 6.2+0.01. 3 Find Worked a 43%26 b 65x38 © §.29%4.3 eee Estimate: 4X 3 =. ERE) 43 | Usea standard 2 X_2 6 — method to work Es BSB | ou4sx26. +660 | Useyour estimate 111 6 | tosee where to put 7 the decimal point. 43 x 26 =118 $0 4.3 x 26 4 Evaluate these using a written method. ‘To divide by a decimal, multiply both numbers by Give your answers to 1 decimal piace ‘power of 10 (10, 100.) until you have a whole where spprepriste number to divide by. Then work out the division. 7 7 0.92 has two decimal a 198+15 b 27.6 +0.92 fiedlpipeteredit 1.5) 198. 1.5 has one decimal Worke x 10 ) 10 | place, so multiply example stee both numbers by 10. 7 : el 1 onde aan aes Check: 15 x 13. is between 10 x 13 = 130 and 20 x 13 = 260V 5 Problem-solving A factory makes 3.5 door frames every second. a Each door frame uses 4.9m of wood. How many kilometres of wood are used every minute? b Each door frame is tied with two plastic ties. Each tie is 0.45m long. A builder orders 125 door frames. What length of plastic ties are needed? confidence in this, ‘once you've finished 6.1-6.8. Tick each box as your Need extra help? Go to page 61 and tick ©O® the boxes next to Q3 and 4. Then try them1 Use a written method to convert these fractions to decimals. a b 2 a Reasoning Convert j and 3 into decimals. b Use your answers to part a to write the values of, 3 Finance On one day £22 is worth $37. How much is $1 worth? 4 Write these recurring decimals as fractions. aos Call the decimal m 05 = 05555555. [tip ect One |__| Muttipy the decimal by 10. 1On-n = n= | Soive the equation boa ee 5 Write these recurring decimals as fractions. a 0.29 b 0.318 © 0.574 6 Write these recurring decimals as fractions. a 0.13 b 057 7 Change these recurring decimals into mixed numbers. a 52 b 4.18 ceceseneene =| Subtract the value of n from the value of 107. one 50 you get all the decimal places to zero. j Siemans Ina recurring decimal the digits repeat in a patter forever. Multiply by 100 or 1000, Enea Find 100 and 40n, then subtract when you only have the recurring digit after the decimal point. Bens Use the same method ‘a8 Q6 but take care with your equations. Tick each box as your @)@)@)__ Need extra help? Go to page 61 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q5 and 6. Then try them topic improves, ‘once you've finished 6.1-6.8.4 Work out 3 In maths, $ of 100, 3 a 7of 21cm ; is tho samo as 3x 100. b Sof 18kg .. gE 2 Work out the area of this rectangle. Simplify your answer i 5 [Ee —on—— g 3 Work out these multiplications. Use the fraction wall to check your answer. aes ‘To multiply two fractions, mutiply their numerators and multiply their denominators. Use the rule for multiplying negative numbers. 4 Look at this square. a Work out the perimeter. b Work out the area. 5 Work out ax es 2 wen 3 22 gta wi 2 en 2 even tes 3 " aio oy ° Ey he Tick each box as your © © © Need extra help? Go to page 62 and tick _ confidence in this the boxes next to Q7 and 8. Then try them _ pic improves. ‘‘1 Write down the reclproael of ‘The reciprocal of a fraction is the “upside down’ or inverse of that fraction. ‘The reciprocal otis $ ° 2 Write down the reciprocal of z & b13 8 Tercera Jone : i e 43 3 rs i | 3 Use the reciprocal to work out To divide by a fraction, : multiply by the reciprocal b4+$ The reciprocal offs e 10+8 d7s3 The reciprocal Ba Tt of 5 Alarge sack of sugar contains 103kg. How many 2kg bags can be filled from the large bag? 6 Alarge loaf of bread is 103 inches long. a How many slices of bread can be cut from the large loaf if each slice is to be three-quarters of an inch thick? b How long is the piece of bread that is left over? Tick each box as your ©6060 Need extra help? Go to page 62 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q9, Then try it once you've topic improves. s finished 6.1-6.8, 874 Work out $+2 To add or subtract fractions write them as equivalent fractions with the same denominator. Use the LCM as the denominator. ‘The LOM of 2 and 8 is 20. 3 Reasoning Vikram says, "} a Use these bars to explain what mistake she has made. Ea 7 b Work out 3 +3 by writing both fractions with denominator 6. a 4 Work out 7 7 1 7 5 Work out each of these. Give each answer in its simplest form, and as a mixed number where necessary. 2 +84 0 a b A 6 Ume adds two mixed numbers with different denominators to get 43. [strategy int | ‘What two numbers might he have added? ‘Start with a mixed number ‘with some quarters. Tick each box as your @) © Need extra help? Go to page 62 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q10 and 11. Then try them _ topic improves. once you've finished 6.1-6,1 Write these mixed numbers as improper fractions. 03-84 2e bst 2 Work out these calculations of mixed numbers. Write the answers in their simplest form. a4jtsta7+S45— b 12443 5 _ ot © 53-25... 3 Real / Problem-solving Mais travelling from Perth to Adelaide in Australia a She spends 33 hours on the plane. She then travels for 13 hours by bus. How long does she spend travelling? At what time does she arrive in Adelaide? Itis usually easier to 4 Work out these subtractions reel pints ie 3_ ot abi g-25= 2-2 th numbers as i ‘rections, improper fractions before a 35-20-53 — iG ete aaa doing the calculation, Write the fractions with a common denominator. ~~ Wiite the answer as a mixed number, 5 Work out Wie mixed numbers as improper a 33x 4om a ean eo fractions before multiplying. g 3 b 2$x 23... 6 Work out a 3}22 b 23+3, tat © 3g75 7 Find the length of this rectangle. Ares = 42 mn? eine Tick each box as your ©6O Need extra help? Go to page 62 and tick confidence in this the box next to Q12. Then try it once you've finished 6.1-6.8, 591 STEM The minimum thickness of a circuit board is 0.2mm. Write down how many of these circuit boards have the same thickness as a a 1.6mm thick circuit board 6+ 025 Multiply both sides by 10. 16425... b 2.8mm thick circuit board. a 2 Problem-solving a Acar travels 1.8km every minute. How many kilometres does it travel in two and a half hours? b If the car travels at constant speed, how long will it take it to travel 540km? 3 Real Three bricks have thicknesses of 1030m, 12$cm and 9.75cm, respectively. ‘The bricks are placed on top of each other. Find the total thickness of the three bricks. Give your answer as a mixed number. [Gm] 4 Reasoning A square sheet of metal of side length 23.80m has a rectangle with dimensions G38 84cm by 4.2cm cut from it. Find the area of metal that remains. takes 3 of whats left in the original bag, What mass of potatoes does Jasmine take? a ZI 5 Problem-solving A bag of potatoes weighs 12.5kg. Darius takes 3 of the potatoes. Jasmine then 6 Problem-solving Ata party there are three pizzas. Jo eats 3 of a pizza, Ruairi eats 1$ of a pizza and Jaime eats 2 of a pizza. How much pizza is left? Give your answer as a fraction. Tick each box as your @)@)@)_Need extra help? Go to page 62 and tick onfidence inthis ‘the box next to Q13. Then try itonce topic improves. _ finished 6.1-6.8,Rounding decimals 1. Round each number to 2 decimal places. a 0.752 b 0.768 © 0.7456... d 0.7549 2 How much, to the nearest penny, is £4.30 + 37. Multiplying and dividing decimals 3 Use a written method to calculate a 314x27 b 3.9.x 862 4 Work out these divisions. Use a written method, Give your answers to 1 decimal place where appropriate. a 912412 b 94.66 +2.5 Converting fractions to decimals 7 [J 5 Write these decimals with repeating digits as fractions. B a 0.63 b 0.28 n= 05353. 53.5353. 53.5353 = 05353. gen = n= 6 Write these decimals with repeating digits as fractions. i a 047 b 0.24 n= 0A777.. : 10n = 4.7777.. 100n = 47.777. 100n ~ 10n = 47.777... = 4777. 90n Use the number line to help you. 752 074 075 0.76 o7r Is 0.752 closer to 0.75 or 0.767 ©o00 First estimate the answer. Its easier to divide by a ‘whole number. ed x0( x0 nea? © 0.35 © 0.18 6i ce Er] h 62 Multiplying fractions 8 Work out these multiplications. Simplify the fractions first. Ax5 Bxs Dividing by fractions 9 Work out 142 agei= 2 bis Adding and subtracting fractions 10 Complete the following a The lowest common multiple of 5 and 4 is 20 344 = 4= 20+ 26-26 b The lowest common multiple of 3 and 8 is 143 *6 + 11 Work out Calculating with mixed numbers 12 Work out these mixed number calculations. aij+aj-1424+5+5= b 32453 Solving problems with fractions and decimals 13 Challenge Three students share $37.50. Leena gets 0.35 of the total, Shika gets 3 and Jing gets what is left. How much does each student get? Give your answer to the nearest cent. Multiply the frst number by. the reciprocal ofthe second. Write as halves: ‘12 halves - [J halves = [] halves Dividing by a fraction is the same as multiplying by its reciprocal Write mixed numbers 2s improper fractions. Give your answer as mixed numbers.1 Problem-solving Sami rounded a number with 3 decimal places to 2 decimal places and got the answer 34.67. a What is the smallest number Sami could have rounded up to 34.677. b What is the largest number Sami could have rounded down to 34.67? BB 2 Reasoning a Acuboid-shaped box has dimensions 13.2cm by 8.8cm by 4.5cm. What is the volume of the box?.. sentenstd b Another box has dimensions 4.1m by 2.2cm by 0.9cm. How many of these boxes will fit in the first box? is 3 Real A skyscraper is 361.9m high. The height of each floor is 3.85m. How many floors hi the skyscraper? B 4 Find the decimal equivalent of all the fractions less than 1 with the sgt denominator 7. What do you notice about this set of decimals? Look at the recurring digits in the answers, 5 Write these decimals with repeating digits as fractions. {Yu might noed to form equations a 0.371 b 0.927 for 10, 100 or 1000 x the decimal. 6 Work out g 1843 4 aati & 7 How many 0.4 litre water bottles can be filled from a 55.2 litre bottle of water? a 6364 8 Complete this magic square so that each row, column and diagonal sums to the same number. 9 Reasoning Mehmet shares $128.44 between his brother and sister. He gives his brother 3 of the amount and the rest to his sister. How much do they each receive? Give your answers to the nearest cent. 40 Reasoning A rectangular piece of cardboard measures 123 inches by 83 inches. A small rectangle measuring 23 inches by 3} inches is cut from it. What area of cardboard is left after the small rectangle has been removed? Give your answer to the nearest whole number. 41 Reasoning A ski shop owner calculates that 3 of her customers rent skis. Half of the people who rent skis also rent crash helmets, How many crash helmets does she expect to rent from 80 customers? 12 STEM /Problem-solving A cube of copper has a side length of 35m. SP a Work out the volume of the copper cube. Volume of a cuboid ‘The copper is shaped into a square with an area of zm? perenne b Work out the side length of the copper square. ‘The copper square is 335m thick. ¢ Show that the volume of copper has remained unchanged.1 Round 3.66894 to a 2 decimal places....... b 3decimal places. 2 Use a written method to calculate 2.3 * 6.85. 5 Write $ as a decimal using dot notation. 6 Find a Spt 2h b 122-128 7 Write 3.504 as a fraction, Leo ‘When you have finished the Unit test, fil in the Progression chart on page 111. 654 STEM A sports club changed the training programme for its athletes. After the first year, the a athletes were asked how they felt about the new training. The results are shown in the frequency table. Experimental ue Freqweney | "pretty _| { Exponent roby very hao umber of athletes who were very happy 60 “fq alma ofaeee EL fairy happy 20 not happy or 10 no improvement Total frequency a Work out the total frequency. Write this in the table. Total frequency is GO + 20 + = b Calculate the experimental probability of each outcome and complete the table. ¢ The sports club claims that athletes using the new training programme are very likely to be happy with the results. Comment on this claim, 2 Real A manufacturer tested a new kind of electric car. They claim that there is a 90% experimental probability that the car will travel at least 150 miles on one charge. a Can you tell from the probability how many electric cars they tested? b What would make you confident that their claim was correct? ‘Ti ie econ epaninent is repeated, the more reliable the estimated probability. 3 Real / Modelling Records show that in Cyprus it was sunny on 888 days out of the last 1000 days. a Estimate the probability that it will be sunny in Cyprus tomorrow. Worked example b Is this a good model for predicting the weather in Cyprus for Christmas Day? EA Give a reason for your answer. El? 25 customers paid for alloy wheels as an extra, and 11 paid for metallic A 4 Problem-solving The records of a car showroom show that 8 out of the last paint as an extra, a Estimate the probability that the next customer pays for alloy wheels as an extra... Daw | ji. metallic paint as an extra. What woul the salesman have b Acar salesman worked out 8 + 11= 19 and estimated that the Getimated if 15 had paid for probability of a customer paying for alloy wheels or metallic alloy wheels and 20 had paid paint as an extra is 3g. Explain why he might be wrong, ‘for metallic paint? Tick each box as your Need extra help? Go to page 68 and tick ctncnns OOO the boxes next to Q1-3, Then try them once you've finished 7.1-7.2.1 Real / Reasoning The table shows how many goals England scored in each match they played from September 2007 to their World Cup exit in 2014. | Fora seo data, ne roave reqercy | a Complete the table. of value = equa ot value Goals [Frequency | Relative frequency 0 9 So 60 1 2 22 Relative frequency can be used to estimate 80 ‘the probability of an event happening. 2 2 Seed 3 13 J You can expect ofthe 400 4 6 matches to have 3 goals scored. 5 4 6 4 Fd o @ 1 ia 7] —— Aad ait the frequencies to find the total b Estimate the probability that England will score 2 goals in their next match, ¢ England played 400 matches from September 1979 to 2014. In how many of these matches would you expect 3 goals to have been scored? 2 A dentist's records show that 11 of the last 50 patients had a tooth filing and 7 of them had an X-ray. a Estimate the probability that the next patient has ia tooth filing... Hi an Xray... Probebity can be b Of the next 300 patients, how many would you expect to have an X-ray? _used to model what happens in the future. ¢ Is the probability of a patient having a tooth filling and an X-ray equal to #! + 2 = 38 Explain, ot 3 Problem-solving / Reasoning eet a a Elie asked 20 football fans which team they support. Seven said Stoke City, 4, Estimate the probability thet a fan supports Stoke City Siete b Adam asked 80 football fans which team they support. 36 said Stoke City, more confident Estimate the probability that a fan supports Stoke City. Eieteuiirad © Which estimate do you think is more reliable? Give a reason for your answer. based on the data d Ellie and Adam shared their data. i Use their combined data to estimate the probability that a football fan supports Stoke City. fi They interview another 200 fans. How many would you expect to support Stoke City? Tick each box as your ()@)Q) Need extra help? Go to page 69 and tick confidence in this the boxes next to Q4-6. Then try them once you've finished 7.17.2. 67Experimental probability = [FJ 1 Agroup of students spin 2 four-coloured spinner repeatedly for an hour. 68 The tally chart shows the results. a i Complete the Frequency column, b Complete the table by calculating the experimental probability for each colour. ¢ How many times would you expect the spinner to land on gold in 100 spins? The bar-line chart shows the people entering @ supermarket in one minute on a Friday morning, a How many people entered the supermarket during that time? b Estimate the probability that the next person entering on Friday morning will be a boy. Colour | Taly | Frequency | Experiment probability, ‘Write each frequency as a - |__| tracton wit in tal Requoncy | gold JIL 7 4 as the denominator. | | ‘The spinner landed on gold Thies silver JHE UAT HHL 13 = purple) JHE JT TA veo | JRC Totatroqueney | Calculate and write the total frequency. Peo! Frequency agye Girls "Women’ Boys ” Men’ Customers © Reasoning Is your answer to part b a good estimate for the probability that the next person entering the supermarket late on a Friday night will be a boy? Give a reason for your answer. Would children go shopping late on a Friday night? ‘The scores that a snooker player gets in 2 tournament are shown in the table. Score 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-120 | 121-150 Frequency 18 3 24 8 2 Estimate the probability thet his next score is a more than 90 b less than 60...