CHAPTER 2 (SUMMARY)

This study presents the former studies and literature related to the challenges aspects
and academic measures in the context of Blended learning.

1. According to Krause(2007), “Blended Learning is realized in teaching and learning

environments where there is an effective integration of different modes of delivery, models of
teaching and styles of learning as a result of adopting a strategic and systematic approach to
the use of technology combined with the best features of face to face interaction” (Aldosemani,
Shepherd & Bolliger, 2018). it was found out that blended learning mitigates the delivery of
teaching and learning access regardless of time and space furthermore (Aldosemani et al. ,
2018). Findings reve aled a positive perception of academic staff towards the affordability that
blended learning can bring in teaching and learning context. The concept of blended learning
has been described as hybrid instructional approach that delivers positive opportunities for
students` learning. Results pointed out that collaborative planning, as described by most
teachers, provide opportunities to enhance and to develop teachers` instruction in a blended
learning environment. In the idea of Jokinen and Mikkonen (2013) demonstrated that
collaborative planning provides positive opportunities for instruction where it was also reflected
in the study that joint planning is time-consuming and laborious. (2011) where they emphasized
that in blended learning environment, it entails lots of time for instructional preparations such as
course design and development. This has promoted a shift from a teacher-centered approach
to learning to a more student-centered one (Bøe, 2018)

1.2. This review present research about blended learning effectiveness from the perspective of
learner characteristics/background design feature and learning outcomes. However blended learning
effectiveness may be dependent on may other factors and among them student
characteristics,design features and learning outcomes.

2. (Acree et al., 2017, p. 107) Whereas these strategies of instruction can see a assortment of
diverse ways, understudies commonly lock in in face-to-face, inperson learning encounters
through teacher-led instruction, collaborative bunch work with peers, and station-work within the
classroom, Understudies can lock in in computerized instruction through guidelines recordings,
substance on learning administration frameworks, and the utilize of technology-based
engagement stages and devices. Almd, Arshad, and Tayyab(2019) stated that teacher should
have an acquired skills and knowledge on how to mix the right process in teaching and learning
of students in the environment of blended learning. Such like in the use of technology, it should
meet the needs of students and ensures that it is right to the nature of blended learning.

3. Almd, Arshad, and Tayyab(2019) stated that teacher should have an acquired skills and
knowledge on how to mix the right process in teaching and learning of students in the
environment of blended learning
4. According to AM Nortvig,AK Peterson (2018) "Moreover ,several studies seem to agree that
blended learning is definable according to the relative time spent on respectively online and
Face-to-face instruction in courses".

5. the Covid-19 is really a devastating phenomenon. Devastating in the sense that it creates a
big destruction to the economy and to the lives of people worldwide. Blended learning is a
common learning mode in Education especially in higher education which combines the use of
online and face to face classroom learning(Satu, 2016). The use of blended learning can pose
challenges from the methods and materials to the students perceptions. Blended learning which
is usually viewed as a combination of face to face and online delivery methods can influence
students’ perceptions of the learning environment and, subsequently, their study experiences,
learning outcome and ultimate academic achievements(Joanna, 2013).

6.

As stated by Al-Rimawi (2016), blended learning is one of the most modern methods of learning
that can assist with the knowledge explosion problem, the growing demand for education, and
the problem of overcrowded lectures if used in distance learning, expanding acknowledgment
opportunities in education, being able to train, educate, and rehabilitate workers without leaving
their jobs, and teaching housewives, all of which add value to raising literacy rates and
eliminating illiteracy. He claims that blended learning improves learning efficiency by a large
margin, reduces the time environment required for training, lowers training costs, allows the
learner to study at his or her leisure, allows for live interviews and discussions on the network,
provides updated information tailored to the needs of learners, and includes simulations,
animations, practical events and exercises, and potential implementation.

7.

Education and learning is a dynamic field. In previous decades, it has always been associated
with the physical presence of schools, classrooms, examination halls, teadevelopment (chers,
textbooks and examinations (Eddy, Nor-Aziah, & Jasmine, 2014, p. 20).Blended Learning has
been identified by the American society for training and ASTID)as one of the top ten trends to
emerge in the knowledge delivery industry.Allen And Seaman(2006) further reported that
blended learning is now emerging as a major global trend in education context.Recognizing the
strengths that blended learning holds, many educational settings, including higher learning
institutions have changed their delivery method to blended programs (Godambe, Picciano,
Schroeder, & Schweber, 2004). Blended learning is becoming a newly emerging trend in higher
education as it combines the best of synchronous and asynchronous learning approaches to
meet specific educational goals (Levin, Whitsett, & Wood, 2013). However, despite the benefits
of blended learning to students, studies have shown that academicians are apprehensive about
teaching in blended learning (Brooks, 2008
8. Blended Learning has been identified by the American society for training and ASTID)as one of
the top ten trends to emerge in the knowledge delivery industry.Allen And Seaman(2006) further
reported that blended learning is now emerging as a major global trend in education
context.Recognizing the strengths that blended learning holds, many educational settings, including
higher learning institutions have changed their delivery method to blended programs (Godambe,
Picciano, Schroeder, & Schweber, 2004). Blended learning is becoming a newly emerging trend in
higher education as it combines the best of synchronous and asynchronous learning approaches to
meet specific educational goals (Levin, Whitsett, & Wood, 2013).

9.
1O. R Boelens,B De Wever, M Voet (2017)...."show that few studies offer learner control over
the realization of the blended learning .Social interaction is generally stimulated through
introductory face-to-face meetings,while personalization and monitoring of students learning
progress is commonly organized through online instructional activities".

11. Schissel, (2021) stated that the main problem we'll encounter in blended learning is the lack of
technologies. As she said, blended learning usually requires that all students and teachers have a
computer,tablet,or loptop.Needless to say, this is expensive to implement and maintain. It was
mentioned the expense related providing adequate technology for implementing blended learning of
schools. For ecample, blended learning assumes that students and teachers have a reasonable
level of competence with computers. Anyone who does not have adequate computer skills will more
likely struggle with blended learning models. In short inadequate training of students van quickly
derail a blended learning model

12. Seife (2000) states that blended learning is a dangerous idea that challenges the status quo,
maintaining the integrity of the traditional academy while simultaneously encouraging the adoptation
of platforms such as online learning, mobile technologies and resources that exists in the cloud.
Foremost the emergence of online learning in 1990s as the ancestors of the transformation in the
higher education generate many predictions of the demise of the traditional academy. To
accommodate policy decisions for their institutions about blended learning, the educational
community realized that context play a vital role for construction of a workable definition.

13. ?