MODULE 3

ROOF SYSTEMS
ROOF SYSTEMS
• Roof systems function as the primary sheltering element for the interior spaces of a
building.

• The form and slope of roof must be compatible with the type of roofing.

• The construction of roof should also control the passage of moisture, infiltration of air and
the flow of heat and solar radiation.

• Roof systems must be structured to span across space and carry its own weights as well as
the weight of any attached equipment and accumulated rain and snow.
WHAT IS A ROOF ?

• A roof is defined as the uppermost part of the building, provided as a

structural covering, to protect the building from weather.

• Structurally, a roof is constructed in the same way as an upper floor,

though the shape of its upper surface may be different.

• Roof consists of structural elements which support roof is roof covering.

• The roof coverings may be A.C. sheets, G.I. sheets, wooden shingles,
tiles, slab itself.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
SLOPING ROOF
Span:-
clear distance between the supports.

Rise:-
vertical distance between ridge and
wall plate.

Pitch:-
ratio of rise to span.
Types of pitched roof
– Lean-to-roof
– Couple roof
– Couple close roof
– Collar and tie roof – double or purlin roof

– King post truss

– Queen post truss
– Mansard truss
– Bel-fast truss
– Steel truss
Lean-to-roof/shed roof

• It is used covering verandah, sheds

and outhouses connected to main
building.

• Upper side common rafters are

supported on a wall plate which in
turn rest on a projecting corbel stone
from the wall.

• Lower side rest on the wall plate.

• Roofing material rests on battens,

battens on common rafter and
common rafter on wall plate.

• Maximum span of the roof is 2.5m

Butterfly Roof

•An inverted gable roof design

•Visually stunning
•Useful in climates with severe winds
•Water drainage problem
Couple roof

• It is formed by a pair of inclined rafters, centre ridge piece and wall plate for
supporting the whole roof.

• Battens are supported on common rafters and roofing material on Battens

• Span of couple roof is limited to 3.5m

Couple close roof

Similar to couple.

Two rafters are connected by a wooden member which acts as a tie.

Tie prevents the outward spreading of roof

It can also act as support for ceiling.

It can be economically used for spans up to 4.2m.

Collar beam roof

Members are same but just raising the position of tie beam.

Used to increase the height of room

For spans between 4 to 4.5m

Collar and tie roof

For spans greater than 3m rafters are uneconomical

To reduce the size of rafters, intermediate supports called Purlins

Roof can be economically adopted for spans up to 4.8m

Also known as purlin roof or double roof.

King post truss
Used when span > 5m

The triangular shape of truss frame offers greater rigidity.

Central vertical post-king post-provides support for tie beam.

Two inclined members provided on either side of king poststrut- used to prevent
the principal rafter from bending at the Centre.

It is used for spans up to 5m to 8m

 Queen post truss
This truss is differ from a king-post truss in having two vertical members known
as queen
posts.

The upper ends of the queen posts are kept in position by means of a
horizontal member known as straining beam.
Additional purlins are supported on the queen posts.

A queen post truss is suitable for roof spans varying 8 to 12 m

Mansard truss
Combination of king post and queen post.
Truss has two pitches.
Upper portion resembles a king post
Lower portion resembles a queen post
Pitch of upper part is 30 to 45◦
Pitch of lower part is 60 to 70◦
Bel-fast truss

Bowstring or latticed roof truss.

Thin sections of wood to form bow shaped.
Long spans up to 30m,with light roof covering materials.
FLAT ROOF
Types of Flat roof

Madras terrace roof

Bengal terrace roof

Reinforced brick cement roof

Reinforced cement concrete roof

Filler slab
Madras terrace roof
Wooden flat roof
Roof having slope less than 1 in 100
Bengal terrace roof

Used for covering verandah portion.

Consists of rafters having slight inclination and one end penetrated
into wall.
Battens are placed over this rafter with spacing 15cm.
Over that Flat tiles are laid in mortar.
Surface is finished with fine jelly concrete or flat tiles are provided.
Reinforced brick cement roof

Bricks are laid horizontally between the steel bars and concrete mix
is inserted in the joints.
Top surface of the slab is plastered with a 2cm thick cement mortar.
Over that apply two layers of hot bitumen for water proofing.
Over that bitumen coat apply one more coat of cement paste of
thickness 5cm.
Provide sufficient slope at top surface for drainage of water
Filler slab

Concrete slab in which the bottom portion of the slab is replaced by flat clay tiles or Mangalore
pattern tiles.

Above the formwork:

Steel reinforcements of designed size are
tied together to form a grid.

Pairs of clay roofing tiles are placed in the

gap between the reinforcement in line.

Pour freshly prepared concrete in between

the reinforcement and tiles.

Level the concrete surface and cured it for

14days.
SHELL ROOF
DOME ROOF
ROOF TERMINOLOGY