LINGUISTICS

REVIEWER

Linus lugo
Rilee Taruc
 Comes from Latin phrase
“lingua”

Structure Sound Meaning

Sound is Meaning is
Structure is
divided into divided into
divided into
phonology and semantics and
syntax and
phonetics pragmatics
morphology.

Syntax Phonology Semantics

Deals with Studies
Deals with sentence
principles meaning and
structure such as
governing sound logic of phrases
grammar
systems of of words
language

Morphology Phonetics Pragmatics

Deals with phonects Studies the
Deals with use of
language and studies
human speech language and
structure its effects on
from its root sounds
society
words
Linguistics is a theoretical discipline with ties to
such areas as cognitive psychology, philosophy,
logic, computer science and anthropology

Philology was the term used for Linguistics

back in the 19th century, and its scholars were
called philologists. Philologists studied why
and how words are changed over time and
assessed which social phenomena drove a
certain language to change.

Dionysus Thrax used

morphology to create a
system of grammar in
the century BCE.
Panini of India Middle East, West,
Shibawayh Plato
- first individual to be -Cratylus
- recorded the
recognized for having investigated word
Arabic language
studied languages. meaning by
by identifying the
variations in investigating its
- Sanskrit sounds were history.
sounds and
divided into nouns and - In the middle
phonemes.
verbs, consonants, and times, linguistic
vowels. studies focused on
interpreting old
religious texts that
could teach us about
religious doctrine.

The Father of Structural and Modern Linguistics, he was

a Swiss linguist and semiotician.

- examines language as a system of contrast and

equivalents, a word's meaning can only be understood in
the context of other words in the system.

- parole refers to a person's actual usage of the language.

- langue refers to the system that controls a specific

convention of a language, such as a syntax and
phonology.
 -commonly known as the Prague School, was an organization
made up of Czechs that was founded in 1926.

- Frantisek Danes, Jan Firbas, and Roman Jakobson, were

notable Prague school members.

Henry Sweet (1845–1912), an English philologist, phonetician,

and grammarian, as well as Daniel Jones (918–1967), another
well-known English phonetician, are credited with building the
London School tradition.

Sweet developed an applied linguistics tradition.

Jones, on the other contrary, highlighted that when
learning a language, it is important to focus on
hearing, writing down, and recreating even the
smallest differences in speech sounds.
John Rupert Firth, commonly known as J. R. Firth
(1890-1941) turned linguistics into a recognized
academic discipline in Britain.

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, often known as the linguistic

relativity principle, was devised by American linguists
Edward Sapir (1884–1939) and Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897–
1941). They present the idea of linguistic determinism, which
holds that language determines how people think and how
they view the world.

American linguist, philosopher, and social justice advocate,

Noam Chomsky. In generative grammar, a linguistic theory
that contends that people are capable of constructing well-
formed sentences, distinguishing them from inadequacy
phrases, and rejecting the latter, he adopts well-formed
sentences as one of the key principles.
 Historical linguistics

Diachronic linguistics is the study of how a specific

language developed across time. It was one of the first
linguistics subdisciplines to be established in the late 19th
century.

Sociolinguistics

It investigates the relationship between language and

the social setting of a people. Sociolinguistics researchers
either capture audio or video of actual conversations or
simply observe them.

Development linguistics

examines how language learning, retention, fluency,

and bilingualism have developed. It investigates how
young children acquire language skills and the steps that
lead to language use.

Neurolinguistics

study the physiological systems that the brain uses to

handle language-related information. It examines the
ways that communication affects the way the human
brain works and would then uses that knowledge to
experiment with and develop theories of linguistic and
psycholinguistic behavior.
Corpus Linguistics

This method of research in linguistics is the method of studying a

language based n the “real world” text. It undergoes three
processes, The first stage is annotation, where the linguist creates
a scheme/schemes in which they categorize spoken and written
words. It is then followed by abstraction, which is the translation
of a schematic term to a theoretical framework.

Content Analysis

This method allows the linguist to create a meaningful and data-

driven conclusion by evaluating how frequently a context was
shown within a certain narrative. This method is used not only in
linguistics but also in most qualitative research in social science
disciplines. Context Analysis may also provide the scaling of a
certain word that is measured through the context by which such
words were spoken or written by the writer.
Computational Linguistics

It is the study of how language can be computationally

modeled. It is an interdisciplinary field involving linguists,
computer scientists, and language experts to develop and
understand language production, acquisition, structures, and
comprehension using computers.

Lexicography

Is the practice of collecting words and their meanings in a

systemic manner in resemblance to the structure of a
dictionary. Lexicographers document the pronunciation of
words and their meanings among users.
Cohesion

Mentions linguistic links such as pronouns and adjectives that provide a notable
structure.

Critical Discourse Analysis

Study of text within its social context.

Dialect

It is a regional or social diversity of a language. A regional dialect is a language

that is used over an area and can be spoken variously in one form or in different
places. While as a language in a small area that can be different by various social
groups within a community is called social dialects or sociolects.

Etymology

It is the study of the origin of words.

Functionalism

It is a motion toward language structure that fundamentally focuses on the

purposes for which language is used.

Grammar

This refers tothe rules of building words and sentences within a certain language.

Grapheme

This is a single character in a known writing system such as letters and

punctuation marks.

Lexicon

This refers to the sum of words available to a speaker or the vocabulary of a certain
language.
 Linguistic and Sociology

Linguistics is the scientific observational study of language

as a form of verbal relationships. While sociology is the
scientific study of human social interactions, communities,
and individual and collective social behaviors. In order to
understand and document what creates and sustains the
societies we live in, sociology aims to recognize these processes
and document them

Linguistic and Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of people and their

predecessors across time and space in
connection to their physical characteristics,
social relationships, and environment, while
linguistics includes not only the study of
grammar, meaning, and sound but also the
history of language families, how children
and adults learn languages,

Linguistics and Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior,

according to the American Psychological Association. While
Linguistics focuses on human speech, including the nature,
structure, and development of a language.
1. Linguistics comes from the latin word ________
2. _______ was the term used for Linguistics back
in the 19th century
3. __________ was the first individual to be
recognized for having studied languages
4. __________ is the father of structural and modern
linguistics
5. ______ was also known as the Prague Linguistic
Circle
6. Creators of the linguistic relativity principle
____________,___________
7. _________ is the study of how a specific
language developed across time
8. ___________ is the study of the origin of words
9. Ferdinand de Saussure was from ________
10. ____________ used morphology to create a system
of grammar in the century BCE