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Purifier
Purifier
Principle of Working
The separation principle of high-speed centrifuge depends on the difference in the specific
gravity of two different liquids. To understand, let’s take a settling tank where fuel is stored
and because of the difference in the gravity of water and fuel (water is heavier) the water gets
collected at the bottom part of the due to the effect of gravity.
Where Fs is the separating force, ρw is the density of water, ρo is the density of oil and “g” is
gravitational force.
Now if we convert the tank into a conical rotating object, then the gravitational factor g will
be replaced by the centrifugal force ω2 r, where ω2 is angular velocity of rotation and r is the
effective radius.
Fs = ∏/6x D3 (ρw-ρo) ω2 r.
Now the separating force will be much higher in the centrifuge as compare to a settling tank.
Exterior framework:
The exterior framework is normally made up of cast iron which supports the internal bowl
and disk parts and carries water line, feed line, and outlet line connections.
Vertical shaft:
The Vertical shaft is used to transform the electrical motor output into rotational motion for
rotating the bowl at high speed through spur gear and horizontal shaft or belt. The material
used for vertical shaft construction is an alloy of steel.
A special belt having elastic character is used in some models in place of horizontal shaft,
thus removing the use of the gear assembly. The horizontal shaft material is a special alloy of
steel.
Spur gear:
A spur gear is placed between the horizontal and vertical shafts for the transfer of rotational
motion. These gears are manufactured from the special aluminum bronze material.
Automation:
Apart from the mechanical parts, the latest centrifuge comes with full automation circuit
involving three-way valves, detectors, monitors, transducers, solenoid valves, pneumatic
valves etc, along with a control panel, which ensures the centrifuge fulfills all the criteria
required for operation in an unmanned engine room.
Types of Centrifuge:
There are normally two types based on the application:
1) Purifier: When a centrifuge is arranged for separating two liquids of different densities, for
e.g. water from oil, it is known as a purifier. The main component of purifier is correct size
gravity disc or dam ring which is responsible for creating an interface between the oil and
water.
2) Clarifier: When a centrifugal is arranged to remove only impurities and a small amount of
water, it is called as the clarifier. Since it is used mainly for that fluid were mostly solid
impurities are to be removed, gravity disc is not used in clarifier; instead a sealing ring is used
to keep the impurities intact unless desludged.
– The collected sludge and impurity can be discharged continuously or at a time intervals,
depending upon the construction, automation, and system incorporated
– In a purifier, before introducing the oil, water sealing is established so that oil fill should not
flow out through the heavy liquid outlet
– In clarifier, there is no heavy liquid outlet for discharging separated water hence water
sealing is unnecessary
– Feed rate and temperature of the feed is extremely important for purification. For normal
oil, one stage purification is enough, but for oil containing heavy sludge or catalyst mixture,
multiple purifiers are used in either parallel (preferred) or series to get better results
– The new age purifiers/ clarifiers are automatically desludged at a regular interval (by use of
timer and controllers. A discharge detectors on the sludge side monitors the sludge side and
provides alarm signal if any abnormality is detected