1. what does oriC related to ?

molecule would need to be a useful genetic

material?
A. origin of replication
A. It must carry all of the information
B. convertase needed to direct the specific organization
C. primase and metabolic activities of the cell

D. ligase B. It must replicate accurately so that

the information it contains is precisely
E. topoisomerase inherited by the daughter cells

2.____ ___ is an enzyme that catalyzes the C. It must be capable of undergoing

formation of a covalent bond between occasional mutations, such that the
adjacent 5'-P and 3'-OH termini of separate information it carries is altered in a
fragments of DNA. heritable way

A. origin of replication D. It must have highly repetitive DNA

sequences.
B. convertase
E. All are essential attributes of useful
C. primase genetic material.
D. ligase 6. _____ Clusters of highly repetitive DNA
located near the centromeres and
E. topoisomerase
telomeres are called
3. _____ __ are enzymes that introduce
A. Nucleosomes
single strand breaks, change the
relationship of the strands and then seal B. Euchromatin
the break to remove underwinding or
overwinding of the DNA helix. C. Chromatids

A. helicases D. Heterochromatin

B. twistases E. 30 nm chromatin

C. shoutases 7. _____ E. coli genomic DNA differs from a

eukaryotic chromosome in that E. coli DNA
D. topoisomerases
A. Has a single centromere
E. ligases
B. Has telomeres
4. _____ The chemical bonds in DNA by
which the sugar components of adjacent C. Is circular
nucleotides are linked through the
phosphate groups are called ____ bonds. D. Does not undergo supercoiling

A. phosphodiester 8. _____ A chromosome with its centromere

in the terminal end is a
B. hydrogen
A. Submetacentric chromosome
C. hydrophobic
B. Metacentric chromosome
D. hydrophilic
C. Acrocentric chromosome
E. ionic
D. Telocentric chromosome
5. _____ Which of the following is not an
essential attribute that a biological
9. _____ Which of the following is true 13 _____ To describe the genetic code as
regarding RNA processing? degenerate indicates that

A. Spliceosomes are present in A. mRNA is rapidly degraded

organelles and nuclei
B. The code is not universal among
B. Involves removal of exons organisms

C. Involves removal of one or more C. Some amino acids have more than
introns. one codon

D. Occurs in prokaryotes D. Frameshift mutations are tolerated

E. None of the above E. Stop codons may have

corresponding tRNA molecules
10 _____ Which of the following features is
common to both DNA replication and 14 _____ Which of the following is unique to
transcription? eukaryotic mRNA synthesis?

A. Nucleotides are added to the 5' end A. Polycistronic mRNA

of the newly synthesized strand
B. Coupled transcription-translation
B. A sugar-phosphate bond is formed
between the 3' hydroxyl and the 5' C. Removal of introns
phosphate D. Polysomes
C. Deoxyribonucleotides are 15 _____ Which of the following is unique to
incorporated into the growing sequence prokaryotic mRNA synthesis?
D. Both RNA and DNA polymerase A. Coupled transcription-translation
require oligonucleotide priming
B. Exon processing
E. Both RNA and DNA polymerase
initiate at promoter sequences C. 3' polyadenylation

11 _____ Normal self-termination of D. mRNA capping

transcription occurs due to the presence of
E. Promoter sequences
A. stem-loop sequences in mRNA
16 _____ Which of the following is true
B. Termination proteins regarding the machinery of translation?

C. Multiple RNA polymerase molecules A. Initiation usually begins at an AUG

codon
D. Polyribosome formation
B. Eukaryotes have nuclear ribosomes
12 _____ The four ribonucleotide
triphosphates incorporated into mRNA are C. Polycistronic mRNA usually has a
single ribosome binding site
A. Inosine, Guanine, Uracil, Thymine
D. tRNAs released from the ribosome
B. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine are degraded
C. Cytosine, Uracil, Adenine, Guanine E. Termination is at inverted repeats
D. Thymine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine 17 _____ Nutritional mutants
E. Inosine, Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine A. Grow on minimal medium
B. Lack an essential metabolic protein D. The kinetichore is the site of
attachment of the centromere to the
C. Are also called prototrophs nuclear spindle apparatus.
D. Are the same as carbon-source E. Heterochromatin are primarily
mutants associated with the centromere and
E. Are usually antibiotic resistant telomere regions.

18 _____ The process of producing a RNA 22. One can distinguish prokaryotic chromosomes
polymer from a DNA template is called __. from eukaryotic chromosomes by determining:

A. replication a. Nucleotide sequence

B. transcription b. Chromosome-linked proteins
C. translation
c. Base composition
D. duplication
d. Secondary structure
19 _____ The process of producing an amino
acid polymer (polypeptide) from a RNA 23. In E. coli DNA replication, primer is:
template is called .
a. A deoxyribonucleotide short
A. replication sequence
B. transcription b. A short RNA annealing to the 3’
end of the template strand
C. translation

D. duplication c. A short RNA complementary to

the 5’ end of the leading strand
20 _____ Which of the following is not true
for histones? d. Synthesized by DNA
polymerase I
A. They are rich in basic amino acids
24. Shine-Dalgarno sequence is:
B. They are associated with the
nucleosome. a. Found at the 3’ end of a
prokaryotic gene
C. H1, H2, H3 and H4 form the
nucleosome core.
b. Found in 16S rRNA
D. They are found in the nucleus.
c. Complementary to an mRNA
E. H1 functions as a monomer. sequence

21 _____ Which of the following is not true d. Located upstream of the AUG
about chromosome structure? initiation codon of a prokaryotic
mRNA
A. A telomere is always on the end of a
eukaryotic chromosome. 25. If the uracil content is exhausted, the
following process will immediately stop:
B. A centromere is always in the middle
of a eukaryotic chromosome
a. Reverse transcription
C. A chromatid is a chromosome that
b. Transcription
has been replicated but has not yet
separated from its sister chromatid.
c. Replication
 d. Translation
26. The promoter is:
a. A factor involving in
translational process
b. Associated with repressor in an
inducible operon
c. A sequence located at the 3’ end
of a gene
d. The binding site for RNA
polymerase
27. Proofreading activity of DNA polymerase III
relies on:
a. The Mut S, H, L repair system
recognizing parental DNA
methylation
b. 3’-5’ exonuclease function of
DNA polymerase
c. RNAse H activity
d. The UvrABC repair system
28. The difference on the regulation of gene
expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is partly
due to:
a. Different environmental
conditions
b. Different cell components
c. Different cell structural features
d. Different cell numbers
29. The enzyme catalyzing the binding of Alanine
to its tRNA is called:
a. Alanine-tRNA polymerase
b. Alanine-tRNA transferase
c. tRNA-Alanyl polymerase
d. Alanyl-tRNA synthetase
30. Microarray analysis can be used to:
a. Determine the intron-exon
organization of a gene
b. Determine the concentration of a
protein in a cell
c. Determine the stage-specific
expression of a gene
d. Determine the presence of a
DNA sequence in a cell
31. Hyperchromicity (increased OD value) results
from:
a. Increased light absorbance by
double-stranded DNA when it is
denatured
b. Increased light absorbance by
double-stranded DNA when it is
hydrolyzed
c. Increased light absorbance by
double-stranded DNA
contaminated by RNA
d. Increased light absorbance by
double-stranded DNA when it is
renatured
32. The repair system acting just after the
replication finishes is based on:
a. The elimination of methylated
bases
b. The activities of Methylases
c. The recognition of
hemimethylated DNA strands to be
repaired
d. The excision of the
oligonucleotide bearing the
mismatch
33. The control of gene expression through an
operon aims at:
a. Regulating different gene
networks depending on the external
stimuli
 b. Regulating stepwise expression b. Alternative use of σ factor
of a gene
c. Transcription initiation
c. Exerting a synchronous and fast
regulation of genes belonging to d. Catabolite repression
one metabolism process
38. Mendel did experiments with _________.
d. Producing different
concentration of proteins of a 1. pisum sativum
metabolism process
2. hibiscus rosa-sinensis
34. Muscle, skin, liver cells differ from each other 3. nelumbo nucifera
due to:
4. mirabilis jalapa
a. Different mutations arisen in
each cell type 39 Ths branch of science which studies
hereditary is known as
b. Different expression of genes in
each cell type 1. cytology

2. cytopathology
c. Different genes present in
different cell types 3. genetics

d. Different location of cell types in 4. histology

the organism
40. Who is known as the father of genetics?
35. Automatic sequencing is based on:
1. Gregor Johann Mendel
a. The utilisation of fluorescent 2. Charles Darwin
labeling
3. Alfred Wallace
b. The utilisation of four types of
dideoxynucleotide 4. Herschel

c. The utilisation of DNA 41. Who coined the term genetics?

polymerases
1. Brian J. Ford
d. All of the above items 2. William Bateson

36. Which of the following processes is involved 3. Carl Correns

in DNA repair:
4. Leeuwenhoek
a. Conjugation
42. Who introduced the term mutation?
b. Reversion of mutation 1. Thomas Henry Huxley

c. Transposition 2. Clinton Richard Dawkins

d. Homologous recombination 3. Hugo de Vries

37. Which of the following processes is 4. Samuel Wilberforce

characteristic to eukaryotic gene expression
43. The mutations causing no change in
control:
their products are known as
a. Alternative splicing 1. missense mutations
2. nonsense mutations 49. The mutation due to the insertion or
deletion of nucleotides is known as
3. silent mutations
1. frameshift mutation
4. splice-site mutations
2. neutral mutation
44. The process by which extra nucleotides
are added into the DNA molecule is known 3. silent mutation
as
4. conditional mutation
1. point mutation
50. __________ of the sex chromosomes
2. insertions leads to the Turner syndrome.

3. deletions 1. Monosomy

4. amplifications 2. Disomy

45. The mutations that cause death of an 3. Trisomy

individual are known as
4. Tetrasomy
1. reversion
51. Both bacteria and eukaryotes repair
2. lethal mutations DNA by _____________________ process.

3. dominant negative mutations 1. genetic drift

4. gain-of-function mutations 2. germline mutation

46. Which of the following mutations are 3. gene expression

not the point mutations?
4. genetic recombination
1. Silent mutations
52. Which among the following is also
2. Missense mutation known as genetic modification?

3. Loss-of-function mutations 1. Genetic engineering

4. Nonsense mutation 2. Gene targeting

47. Which of the following processes is 3. Gene trapping

common in cancer?
4. Protein engineering
1. Loss of heterozygosity
53. The double-strand breaks are mainly
2. Inversion repaired by

3. Interstitial deletions 1. homologous recombination

4. Chromosome translocation 2. non-homologous end joining

48. Which of the following mutations affects 3. chromosomal translocation

phenotype negatively?
54. genetic counselingWhich of the
1. A neutral mutation following statements about Drosophila
melanogaster is wrong?
2. A deleterious mutation
1. Can be grown easily in the laboratory
3. An advantageous mutation
2. Long generation time
4. A nearly neutral mutation
3. Easily distinguishable males and 60. The unit of heredity is
females
1. locus
4. Only four pairs of chromosomes
2. chromosome
55 Drosophila melanogaster is commonly
known as 3. allele

1. housefly 4. gene

2. firefly 61 The true breeding organisms are

______________.
3. dragonfly
1. homozygous
4. fruitfly
2. heterozygous
56 Which among the following is an
autosomal recessive metabolic genetic 3. nullizygous
disorder? 4. hemizygous
1. Sickle-cell disease 62. The compounds having the same
2. Cystic fibrosis structure as that of DNA & RNA are known
as___________.
3. Tay–Sachs disease
1. nucleosides
4. Phenylketonuria
2. nucleotides
57. ______________ is a neuro-degenerative
genetic disorder. 3. nucleobases

1. Mucopolysaccharidoses 4. nucleic acid analogues

2. Glycogen storage disease 63. A cross between two snap dragon

3. Galactosemia
4. Huntington's disease (HD)
58. In which of the following genetic
disorders connective tissue gets affected?
1. Marfan syndrome
2. Hereditary spherocytosis
3. Polycystic Kidney Disease
4. Familial hypercholesterolemia
59 The disorder due to single mutated gene
is
1. single gene disorder
plants, one with red flowers and one with
bright white flowers produces F1 offspring
that are pink. When the F1 progeny are
selfed a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio of red to pink to
white flowers is observed. What genetic
phenomenon is consistent with these
results?
1. Epistasis
2. Incomplete dominance
3. Dominance
4. Codominance
64. The individuals morphology, or
physiological properties, indicates his
__________.

2. autosomal dominant gene 1. phenotype

3. autosomal recessive disorder 2. genotype

4. x-linked dominant disorder 3. haploid no. of chromosomes

4. diploid no. of chromosomes 3. XX-XO type

65. _________ refers to the condition of the 4. XX-XY type

cell having multiple sets of chromosomes.
70. The genes which are located apart in
1. Mixoploidy the chromosome shows

2. Dihaploidy 1. incomplete linkage

3. Polyploidy 2. complete linkage

4. Haploidisation 3. epistasis

66. The process of two genotypic 4. linkage groups

interaction at two different locii is termed
as 71. The exchange of the corresponding
parts of the adjacent paternal and maternal
1. Incomplete dominance chromatids during meiosis is known as

2. Co-dominance 1. Chromosomal Mapping

3. Epistasis 2. Genetic Variation

4. Multiple alleles 3. Crossing Over

67. Which of the following statements 4. Linkage

regarding the autosomal recessive traits is
wrong? 72. Who discovered the principle of
linkage?
1. The pattern of inheritance is horizontal.
1. Bateson and Punnet
2. Closely related parents.
2. Watson and Crick
3. The sex-linked genes are absent.
3. Carl Linnaeus
4. In X-linked recessive traits mother is the
carrier and father is healthy. 4. Lavoisier

68. Which of the following statements
regarding the dominant genetic traits is
false?
1. It has vertical transmission.
2. Both the sexes are unequally affected.
3. The unaffected persons do not transmit
the trait further.
4. The degree of expression of the
abnormal trait varies among the family
members.
69. The pattern of sex determination in
mammals including human beings is
73. The double helix model of DNA was
given by
1. Linus Pauling
2. Rosalind Franklin
3. D. Watson and Francis Crick
4. Gregor Mendel
74. Which of the following statements
regarding the crossing over is false?
1. It involves the exchange of genetic
material.
2. It does not causes variations .

1. ZO-ZZ type 3. It helps in the chromosomal mapping.

2. ZW-ZZ type
4. It produces new individuals having new
combinations of traits.

75. The uniduchat syndrome is an example

of

1. deletion

2. duplication

3. Inversion

4. translocation