RECONSTRUCTING SOUND VIBRATIONS INTO

ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY

A CAPSTONE PAPER
Presented to
the Senior High School Department
LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE TANAUAN
Tanauan City, Batangas

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements in Capstone Project

Submitted by:
Turingan, Julie Anne Kyhrah B.
Villanueva, Lindley J.
Villegas, Kyra Mae C.
Alawag, Edward John L.
Salonga, Jervin P.
Malipol, Bernard V.
(STEM – Our Lady of Rosary)
 Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction

It is crucial to know the difference between noise and sound. Noise is a form of sound
that can be described as unwelcome, irritating, unpleasant, or loud. Noise is often defined as an
irritating tone that produces mild to severe discomfort or irritation. Scientifically speaking, noise
is a type of mechanical energy and is a form of energy that can be heard by living things. These
tones cut through the background cacophony of our daily life. On the other hand, sound is a
pressure wave which is created by a vibrating object. Callaghan (2017) stated that sounds are
particular individuals that bear audible qualities, like pitch, timbre, and loudness, and persist. The
scientific view that treats sound as waves is thus best understood because the view that sounds
are event-like, instead of object-like, particulars whose locations within the medium change over
time.

Ears are quite good at detecting noise. It is indistinguishable from desired sound in terms
of physics, as both are vibrations across a medium such as air or water. When the brain hears and
perceives a sound, there is a difference. When it comes to measuring different forms of noise, we
want to mimic how the human ear processes noise to gain an accurate picture of its impact.
Depending on how it varies over time, noise might be constant, fluctuating, intermittent, or
impulsive.

According to Tara (2020), all life and all processes in the cosmos require energy to
function. On Earth, the sun is the ultimate source of all energy that humans, animals, plants, and
microorganisms can access and use. This energy can be obtained directly, as in photosynthesis,
or indirectly, as in the case of fossil fuels, which have long been trapped the sun's energy, which
is released when they are burned.

Energy conversion is the transformation of energy from different forms provided by

nature (Woodruff, 2017). Energy conversion has three processes that are involved; transfer,
transform and conservation. Energy transfer is the movement of energy switching locations from
one place to another; while energy transformation is the processes of changing energy into one
form to another; lastly, energy conservation is the principle of energy that can neither be created
or destroyed.

In the study of Sharma (2018), explained that various types of energy that can be
converted into another form of energy. He stated that (a) light can be converted to heat energy,
(b) electrical energy can be converted to mechanical, light, heat energy, etc., (c) chemical energy
can be converted to electrical energy, (d) thermal energy can be converted to heat energy, (e)
mechanical energy can be converted to electrical, potential energy, etc., (f) nuclear energy can be
converted to light and heat energy, (g) solar energy can be converted to heat, chemical, and
electrical energy, (h) lastly, gravitational potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy.  

This experimental study aims to make a device that can generate noise (mechanical
energy) to electrical energy.

Background of the Study

Energy is one of the people’s basic needs. Electricity is one of the best examples of
energy. It is the most vitally important thing in this modern era now that people are surrounded
by technology. Electricity in developed countries is free-flowing and abundant. In the
Philippines, there is a struggle to provide sustainable energy particularly in rural areas. 

Electricity shortage has been one of the major problems our country is facing. The
National Grid Corporation of the Philippines stated that the source of the electricity shortage is
the increase of power demand, lack of new base-load plants, decommissioning of power plants,
longer unplanned maintenance shutdowns of aging plants, and as well as the unpredictable
weather. However, Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Alfonso Cusi claims that the country
has enough power supply and that it is not a power crisis issue; rather it is a compliance issue.
 Several areas in Batangas experienced rotational brownout due to lack of electricity.
Batang II Electric Cooperatice Inc. (BATELEC II) has been active in scheduling power
interruptions. Taal’s activity, ash fall, and series of earthquakes series of earthquakes has been
affecting the sub-transmission and distribution facilities (Department of Energy, 2020).

Sound is the electrical energy of the machine and can be converted into electrical energy
through many provocative methods including heating using piezoelectric material and
diaphragm. Other sounds are not preventable such as road noise, market noise, industry, train
stations etc. and those unnecessary noises can be used to generate electricity. In this way we can
reduce the use of piezoelectric power and energy generated by chemical materials where it is
converted directly from energy to electrical energy. 

According to Fanga (2017), the sound produces mechanical energy which then converts
to electrical energy. With the help of sound vibrations, we can harvest energy using the
piezoelectric devices. Piezoelectric materials, particularly Lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT), are
excellent for gathering ambient mechanical energy and converting it into useful electricity,
according to a literature assessment.

Converting noise to energy is beneficial for those who often have brownouts in their area.
Converting noise to energy is not specifically used to reduce noise but instead makes use of the
noise. Imagine having this kind of converter while living in a city is like having an infinite
source of energy.
Conceptual Framework

Input
Process
- Hardware and Output
Software
i. Planning
component Reconstructing
ii. Analysis
Sound Vibration
iii. Designing
- Material needed into Alternative
iv. Prototype
for developing Source of Energy
v. Testing
Sound noise into
electrical energy

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

The figure shown above presents the process of converting noise into energy. The figure also
consists of the input, process and the output of the product. The Input contains the hardware and
software components and materials needed to complete the anticipated product, then the Process
contains the development of the making the product. This is the sample that will run through the
processes. During the process, the noise will be harvested and passed through a microphone,
where it will be converted to electricity and the Output is the finished product

Statement of the Problem

The main problem of the project is to reinforce the locale of Tanauan City in the power
shortage problem through an alternative source of energy which came from sound vibrations.
The study seeks to answer the following:

1. How often does power interruption occur in Tanauan City?

2. What are the factors considered in constructing a portable noise-to-energy generator?
3. How effective is this kind of generator in storing sound vibrations?

Hypothesis

The study posits the following hypothesis:

1. The design of the product is created through basic steps that will allow people to easily
use it without any problems. With the help of piezoelectric devices, storing energy from sounds
is possible. The development of the product is acquired through a scientific process.
2. The components and equipment used in the product come from recycled materials such
as; used power bank, speaker, wires and mic to keep it cheap and accessible.
3. The conversion of noise to energy is not to reduce the noise but instead to make use of
it through converting it to energy.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to prove that noise can be converted into energy that would act as an
alternative source of energy accumulated from sound waves. Thus, the findings to this study
would be highly significant and beneficial specially to the following:

Community. Communities such as Tanauan which often have brownouts will benefit
from this study. With this low cost and efficient alternative, communities would have access to
power, particularly light, which would contribute to enhance their quality of life.
 Department of the Energy. This study would be beneficial to them as this product offers
a better alternative by discovering new sources of energy. Apart from that, we may economize
more.
Schools. It would be really beneficial to them since it provides them with an opportunity
to save money because this alternative would reduce the utility charge, which will benefit
everyone.
Future Researchers. They could employ this study as a starting point for more research,
testing, and analysis of the research topic and product efficacy.

Scope and Delimitation

The study focuses on providing sustainable alternative source of energy using the noise
vibrations which will be converted to energy. The statistics needed will be congregated through
studies and literature. In addition, there would be experiments that will ascertain the success of
the project. The experiment will be conducted in an area where noise is present. All information
and conclusions that will be obtain are limited to the experiments conducted by the researchers.
In addition, the study would make use of recycled materials to create the project.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are hereby defined:

Electrical energy. Electrical energy is a type of energy that is generated by the passage
of electric charge. The capacity to operate or use force to move an item is referred to as energy.
Electricity. is a nonrenewable energy source that must be refined before it can be used to
generate energy.
Kinetic mechanical energy. is the mechanical energy of movement or motion, not
location? The more the kinetic energy, the quicker the movement. The greatest kinetic energy of
a body is the top speed it can achieve while moving.
 Noise. is an unwanted sound that is regarded unpleasant, loud, or disturbing to hearing is
referred to as noise? Noise is indistinguishable from desired sound in terms of physics, as both
are vibrations across a medium such as air or water.
Piezoelectric Devices. can skillfully convert mechanical loads into electric charges
without additional power, and because of its simple mechanical structure, it is used for energy
harvesting from ambient vibration sources.
Rotational Blackout. Also known as manual load dropping, occur when power spikes
and power demand are reduced or inadequate.
Sound vibrations. Objects vibrating produces sound waves (shaking back and forth). As
vibrations, sound waves move through air, water, and solid things. These waves cause the
sensitive skin of our eardrums to vibrate as they reach our ears.
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provides an overview of the literature and research that are important to this
investigation. These materials include unpublished research, educational periodicals, and
magazines, as well as materials discovered in local and international literature.

The power supply plays a critical role in the economy. A country's development various
industries, such as health, education, oil and gas, and other industries are all reliant on the
electrical grid for the sake of productivity. As a result, when there is power, irregularities in the
system, there will be a negative impact on the diverse users' activities, such as sectors, houses,
and industries.

Energy Conservation

Energy is not simply the future in today's world; it also drives everything that is
happening right now. We generate and utilize more energy than ever before as a global
civilization, and the need for energy continues to rise. While we have been able to keep up with
demand by increasing energy production, there are physical, geographical, and economic
constraints to how much can be produced.
According to the official Collins definition, energy conservation is "the prevention of
wasteful use of energy, especially in order to ensure its continued availability." This is
significant since there is a different definition for the phrase. Energy conservation is described in
physics as "the principle by which the total energy in a system that is not subject to external
influence remains constant."

The term "energy conservation" refers to minimizing energy consumption by generating

or using less of it. This could take the shape of utilizing fewer energy services or utilizing
energy-efficient devices. One strategy to save energy is to avoid utilizing services or products,
but this can also be accomplished by using more energy efficient products that use less energy
than their conventional counterparts. Energy conservation is an important aspect of long-term
sustainability and development.
Brownout/ Blackout Problems

Power shortage is a serious issue especially in third world countries, and is traditionally
handled through rolling blackouts. Today, smart grids provide the opportunity of avoiding
complete blackouts by converting them to brownouts, which allow selective provisioning of
power supply to support essential loads while curtailing supply to less critical loads. In this work,
we formulate brownout based power distribution scheduling as an optimization problem and
propose a modified Dynamic Programming (DP) based optimal algorithm (suitable for moderate
sized grids) that is 9 to 40 times faster than the conventional DP approach.

Theoretical Framework

Piezoelectric
Sound Energy Converter Storage Battery
Devices

Load Inverter Testing

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

Sound Energy

It is difficult to locate a place on the planet where noise isn't a part of the landscape.
Humans create a lot of noise, from the rumble of traffic to the sound of musical instruments.
There are several sorts of sounds, ranging from audible to inaudible.
 According to Madaan (2020), sound energy is the form of energy generated when an
object vibrates. Sound energy is a type of mechanical energy that processes sound waves to
electricity. Though the technology of converting sound energy to electricity is still in its infancy,
it has been accomplished. Microphones and speakers, for example, are instances of sound
converting to electrical energy.

Piezoelectric Devices

The power source for medical implantable devices (such as pacemakers) is always a
difficulty, not only in terms of surgery, but also in terms of battery technology. We provide a
method for harvesting energy from cardiac motion using an ultra-flexible piezoelectric device
made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, which has the best piezoelectricity of any
commercial material, with no burden or injury to hearts. Experimental pigs are chosen for in vivo
testing with various settings, such as open chest, closed chest, and awake from anesthesia, to
imitate the scenario of application in the body due to their human-like hearts. When the ultra-
flexible piezoelectric device is fastened from the left ventricular apex to the right ventricle, the
results demonstrate that the peak-to-peak voltage can reach as high as 3 V. This shows that the
biomechanical energy generated by cardiac motion in the human body can be used to power
implantable devices indefinitely.

With examples, this chapter discusses piezoelectric materials' device applications in

smart systems in terms of device design, fabrication, characterization, and modeling. It begins by
introducing the design, manufacture, characterisation, and modeling of medical imaging
ultrasonic transducers as examples. An ultrasonic motor (USM) is driven by a moving ultrasound
wave sent inside the medium of a USM, as the name suggests. The manufactured linear
ultrasonic motor and the basic idea of USM driven by flexural traveling wave are demonstrated
in this chapter. The surface acoustics wave device is an electronic component that is commonly
employed as a frequency filter or resonator in communication systems like cell phones and
optical communication systems. Due to its size, exceptional stability, and high frequency
performance, it is one of the most important devices in modern communication systems.
 Recent developments in materials science and mechanical engineering have enabled the
creation of high-performance piezoelectric systems in soft, flexible/stretchable shapes, with
unique applications ranging from mechanical energy harvesting to sensing and actuation. This
article discusses the critical mechanical to electrical conversion processes found in these devices
and systems, as well as design issues. Quantitative, experimentally confirmed mechanics models
assist the choosing of optimal configurations and materials. The former is concerned with narrow
geometries, mechanical plane construction that is neutral, and controlled buckling. Organic
polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, and other forms of composites are among the latter's
alternatives. The concluding sections cover a wide range of biomedical applications, from
mechanical energy collecting systems for internal organs to skin sensors and actuators.

Converter

Power conversion is the process of delivering power to the source. There are four
common categories of power conversion; chemical heat, electric voltage,
evaporation/condensation, and fluid pressure. All of these methods can be used electronically
and so are compatible with electronic control laws. Electronically controlled voltage can be used
as the power source for power supplies. (Ellis, 2012)

According to Gersersen (2017) reticifier is a device that converts alternating electric

current (AC) into direct current (DC). In addition, Biwas (2018) stated that it can be in a form of
electron tube, vibrator, solid-state device, or mechanical device. Direct current is a necessity for
operating many devices like laptop computers, televisions, and certain tools. An alternating
current is used for producing a pulsating direct current, the process of producing the current is
called half-wave retification. With the addition of a filter capacitor in parallel, rectifiers provide
ripple less DC voltage from the output terminal.

Storage Battery

Battery storage is a type of device that enables power system operators and utilities to
store energy. Storage battery is an electrochemical device that charges or collects power then
discharges that energy for later use and when needed (Curry,2017). Battery storage is one of the
technology options that can enhance power system flexibility and enable high levels of
renewable energy integration.

According to Chicks (2013), Power banks are comprised of batteries in a case with
circuits to control power flow. It stores electrical energy and then discharges it when used. Power
banks come in handy in emergencies, they are affordable and multipurpose.

Testing

Testing is finding out how well an object works. It is used to determine whether the
objectives were being met. Electrical testing entails introducing a voltage or current to a circuit
and comparing the measured value to a target value. Each piece of electrical test equipment is
intended for specific use (Target, 2019).

Inverter

Inverter is a type of device that converts DC power to AC power with a specific output
voltage and frequency. The DC power input is obtained from an existing power supply source.
They can be used in places where a small amount of voltage is used or produced such as power
batteries which only produce DC.

Load

The electric load is the device that consumes electrical energy. In other terms, an
electrical load is a device that consumes electrical energy in the form of current and converts it
into heat, light, work, and other types of energy. The electrical load might be resistive, inductive,
capacitive, or a mix of the three. The term "load" is used in a variety of contexts (Load, 2019).

How it Benefits the Community

 The main goal of this capstone is to make use of the noise to convert electrical energy.
Just like generators, this capstone aims to supply electrical power during power outage. The
community may not only utilize the outcome of the noise pollution but use it as a alternative
source of energy when theres power shortage. We are all aware of numerous examples of energy
conservation. These include turning off lights when leaving a room, unplugging equipment or
appliances when not in use, and cycling rather than driving whenever possible.

Human actions are negatively impacted by acoustic noise. Apart from hearing loss and
stress-related disorders, there are a number of other factors to consider. It can also influence the
quality of life by interfering with spoken communication, lowering human performance, and
degrading human performance. The potential benefits of minimizing noise pollution in smart-city
environments are numerous, especially as urbanization continues to grow.

A wireless sensor network that monitors the noise level via microphones can be used to
gather and analyze noise levels. Every wireless system, on the other hand, faces challenges in
terms of the battery life required for continuous data collecting and monitoring. The design of a
smart microphone system testbed is given in this study. In reaction to environmental noise, a
microcontroller and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) transition dynamically between high
and low power modes to save power. A surge in the acoustic noise level, in particular, activates
the high-powered components. WiFi (2.4 GHz) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.0 are the
three wireless technologies used.
 Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design and methodology, including the materials used
in the formation and the process of the construction of the product.

Research Design

The study utilized Experimental Research design which involves pure experimental
procedure to report on, duplicate, or adapt something for beneficial use (Tanner, 2018). This
design follows steps of identifying the objectives of the project, designing the project, planning
investigation, executing and wring the project. The researchers find this design applicable to
development of their product in which they adapt the concepts from studies to create the
conversion of sound vibration to energy. The forementioned steps have served as the guidelines
in the conduct of the study which highlighted designing, developing, testing and documenting
procedures.

Research Instrument

The research instruments are the materials used in the preparation and assembly of the
product of this research. This part of the study focuses on the equipment and tools needed to
construct the noise-to-energy generator. The prices are just estimations and can be changed
depending on the brand and store. To collect the necessary data as well as create and test the
product, the following equipment and materials are required:
 I. Materials
Table 1. Materials used in constructing the Noise-to-Energy Generator
Material Quantity
Diode # IN4007 4 pc.
Capacitor, 25V, 100micro farad 1 pc.
LED bulb 1 pc.
Piezo element sounder Sensor 8 pc.
Lipo battery 3.7V 1 pc.
USB module DC 0.9 to 5V, 600ma 1 pc.
Wire connector 6 pc.
Breadboard 1 pc.

II. Tools
Table 2. Tools used in assembling the generator
Tools Quantity
Long Nose Pliers 1 pc.
Digital Tester 1 pc.
Soldering Iron 1 pc.
Soldering Lead 1 pc.
Soldering Paste 1 pc.

Research Procedure

The proposed study aims to create a remedy for instant energy saver power source that
can help individuals sustain the use of gadgets hours during long hours power interruptions
through adoption of converting sound vibration into energy for power bank supply. The creation
of the product underwent the following phases:
Phase I: Defining the scientific problem
The researchers brainstormed about observable problems with possible solutions aligned
to their field of interest; after which they conducted preliminary research. They identified the
possibilities of converting sound vibrations into energy. Along with their choice is the
consideration of the minimal costing and usefulness to the people and environment.

Phase II: Identifying a feasible solution to the scientific problem

During this stage, the researchers had the intensive research to address the identified their
scientific problem. They thoroughly studied research such as noise conversion into energy but
this requires big scale of production, another was on a small scale tested on the road and that
they considered just the conversion of noise at home However, there is the difficulty of securing
sound scraper. So, they further studied and identify possible relation to sound vibration that
offer possible access to materials.

Phase III: Obtaining pertinent data

The researchers acquired information from various studies and credible internet sources.
They came up with several references to generate ideas on the development of the product. These
include hardware components with the specific functions and specifications. Intensive’s research
was also done on the procedure on assembling the parts to make the product to function. The
proponents also sought knowledge of the thesis adviser and the expertise of those in electrical
field.

Phase IV: Developing a product

This phase focuses on the production power bank supplied with converted vibration to
energy. The researchers followed these instructions:
1. Identify specifications of materials required to create the desired design.
2. Collect and set up all necessary materials to be assembled.
3. Test functionality and accuracy of the materials such as piezoelectric sensor, diode,
capacitor, lipo battery, LED, connecting wires and USB module before assembling.
4. Study circuit diagram design and assemble one at a time.
5. Convert piezoelectric sensor AC voltage output to DC using bridge circuit.
 6. Lay out the circuit diagram on the bread board to check functionality and connection
accuracy.
7. Put pressure / vibration on piezoelectric sensors and read the voltage value using multi-
tester.
8. Decide the number of piezoelectric sensors enough to charge the capacitor for lipo
battery. In this case 8 pieces were used.
9. Connect the fully charged lipo battery to the USB module.
10. Connect the mobile charging cable to test the charging.

Phase V: Testing and analyzing

1. The first testing on piezoelectric sensor was done through installing directly to the
speaker transistor of a small radio for vibration which did not work effectively due to
poor vibration.
2. Further research guided the proponents on the use alternative design in which a
piezoelectric sensor can also work.
3. This alternative was the production of vibration through putting pressure on the the piezo
electric sensors.

Phase VI: Documenting the procedures.

The researcher recorded and photographed the process of converting the sound vibration
using piezo and power bank. Every step has been documented as this serves as proof of testing
and the basis for further research on the enhancement of the product.
 Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter focuses on the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered by
the researchers throughout the capstone project.

1. Number of announced brownout/blackouts at different places in Tanauan City.

45

40
40
36
35

30

25 24
23 23

20

15

10

0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Fig. 1. Total number of announced brownout/blackouts in the past five years

The data shown in Fig. 1 are based on previous posts about Batelec’s power outage. The
data shown is inaccurate, and that the data did not account for the unannounced power outage.
As you can observe 2018 has the has the most amount of power interruption. In 2019 – 2021, the
power interruption is steady. Meanwhile in 2022 only 3 months in this year we had 36 power
interruption already. The increasing demand for electricity in 2022. The researcher comes up
with a product that solves the problem while also benefiting the environment.
 2. Factors that are considered in constructing a portable noise-to-energy generator

Factors Purpose
1. Mechanical Energy 1. The capstone’s objective is to be able
to harvest mechanical energy and to
convert it into electrical energy.

2. Materials 2. The researchers planned to make the

product affordable. Thus, the
product’s expense is cheap but also
posses’ good quality and can perform
the said outcome.

3. Purpose of the product 3. The product is made as an alternative

source of energy for locations that
experience excessive brownout.

Fig. 2. Factors that are considered in constructing the product

Figure 2 contains the factors that are considered in constructing the product. The factors
mentioned are the important components for the assembly of the product. Cameron (2019) stated
that as time moves on and technology shifts, the importance of the factors of production evolve
and adapt to modern society. It goes to assumption that if the products can enhance the efficiency
of the production factors, production may also increase and produce higher-quality goods at
cheaper prices.

3. Effectivity in storing sound vibrations

Undergoing thru tests and revisions, the product did not meet the foundation of the
proposal. On the other hand, the product is subjected to be a pressure-to-electrical energy
generator. The outcome of the product is still connected to piezoelectricity.
 The relationship between mechanical stress (pressure) and electrical voltage is known as
piezoelectricity (Dakhole & Boke, 2017). When you apply force to a piezoelectric material, it
produces a charge in the substance. When force is applied to the material, it deforms slightly,
disrupting the material's lattice structure, resulting in the creation of electric potential.

The observation results indicates that one piezoelectric device can harvest .2AC to 1AC/
tap. The product that is constructed by the researchers has 8 piezoelectric devices which posits
1.6AC to 8AC per tap. According to Notemboom (2015), the power that is provided over USB
cables gathers 5 volts and the power required to charge a phone range from .75A to 2.0A.
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