Example Problems Conduction Through Curved Walls

BY: ENGR. EDWIN S. BAUTISTA

UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
Example Problems:
1. The temperature of the outside surface of a steel pipe (k=25.9 BTU-ft/HR.sq.ft.deg F) with
ID=6.87 in and OD=8.625 in is 595 deg F and the temperature of the inside surface is 600 deg F.
What will be the % savings in heat per foot of the pipe if it insulated with 2 in 85% magnesia
(k=0.046 BTU-ft/HR.sq.ft.deg F) and the temperature of the outer surface of the insulation is
reduced to 200 deg F? Ans. 91.5%
Example Problems:
1. The temperature of the outside surface of a steel pipe (k=25.9 BTU-ft/HR.sq.ft.deg F) with
ID=6.87 in and OD=8.625 in is 595 deg F and the temperature of the inside surface is 600 deg F.
What will be the % savings in heat per foot of the pipe if it insulated with 2 in 85% magnesia
(k=0.046 BTU-ft/HR.sq.ft.deg F) and the temperature of the outer surface of the insulation is
reduced to 200 deg F? Ans. 91.5%
𝑄 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛−𝑄 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Q
Solution: % 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 𝑥100%
𝑄 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 T2
T1
For Q w/o insulation:
𝑇1 −𝑇2 𝑇1 −𝑇2 600−595 ℉
𝑄= 𝑟 = 𝐷 = 𝑙𝑛 8.625ൗ6.87
= 3576 𝐵𝑇𝑈/𝐻𝑅
𝑙𝑛 𝑟2 𝑙𝑛 𝐷2
1 1
𝐵𝑇𝑈.𝑓𝑡 r2
2𝜋𝑘𝑝 𝐿 2𝜋𝑘𝑝 𝐿 2𝜋(25.9) (1𝑓𝑡)
𝐻𝑅.𝑓𝑡2 .℉

r1
Example Problems:
1. The temperature of the outside surface of a steel pipe (k=25.9 BTU-ft/HR.sq.ft.deg F) with
ID=6.87 in and OD=8.625 in is 595 deg F and the temperature of the inside surface is 600 deg F.
What will be the % savings in heat per foot of the pipe if it insulated with 2 in 85% magnesia
(k=0.046 BTU-ft/HR.sq.ft.deg F) and the temperature of the outer surface of the insulation is
reduced to 200 deg F? Ans. 91.5%
𝑄 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛−𝑄 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 T3
Q
Solution: % 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 𝑥100% T2
𝑄 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
T1 r3
For Q’ with insulation:
𝑇1 −𝑇3 𝑇1 −𝑇3 600−200
𝑄′ = = 𝐷 𝐷 = 𝑙𝑛 8.625ൗ 𝑙𝑛 12.625ൗ8.625
= 303𝐵𝑇𝑈/𝐻𝑅
σ𝑅 𝑙𝑛 𝐷2 𝑙𝑛 𝐷3 6.87 +
1
2𝜋𝑘𝑝 𝐿
+ 2𝜋𝑘 2𝐿 2𝜋(25.9)(1) 2𝜋(0.046)(1) r2
𝑚

3576−303
and % 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 𝑥100% = 91.5% r1
3576
Example Problems:
2. A hollow steel sphere (k=312 BTU-in/HR.sq.ft.deg F) contains a 500 Watt electrical filament,
and these data are known: inside radius = 9 in, outside radius = 12 in. The environmental
temperature is 80 deg F. Assuming steady state, compute the temperature of the inside air.
Example Problems:
2. A hollow steel sphere (k=312 BTU-in/HR.sq.ft.deg F) contains a 500 Watt electrical filament,
and these data are known: inside radius = 9 in, outside radius = 12 in. The environmental
temperature is 80 deg F. Assuming steady state, compute the temperature of the inside air.
∆𝑇 𝑇1 −𝑇2
Solution: 𝑄 = σ = 𝑟2 −𝑟1
𝑅
4𝜋𝑘𝑟2 𝑟1 Q
𝐽 1 𝐵𝑇𝑈 3600𝑠 (𝑇1 −80)℉
T2
500 = 12−9 𝑖𝑛
𝑠 1055𝐽 𝐻𝑅
4𝜋(312
𝐵𝑇𝑈.𝑖𝑛
)(12 𝑖𝑛)(9 𝑖𝑛)(
1 𝑓𝑡 2
)
T1 r2
2
𝐻𝑅.𝑓𝑡 .℉ 12 𝑖𝑛

and 𝑇1 = 81.74 ℉

r1
Example Problems:
3. Same as Problem No. 3, except that a 1 –in layer of 85 % magnesia is wrapped around the
𝐵𝑇𝑈.𝑖𝑛
sphere, 𝑘 = 0.43 2 .
𝐻𝑅.𝑓𝑡 .℉
Example Problems:
3. Same as Problem No. 2, except that a 1 –in layer of 85 % magnesia is wrapped around the
𝐵𝑇𝑈.𝑖𝑛
sphere, 𝑘 = 0.43 2 .
𝐻𝑅.𝑓𝑡 .℉
∆𝑇 𝑇1 −𝑇3
Solution: 𝑄 = σ = 𝑟2 −𝑟1 𝑟3 −𝑟2
𝑅 +
4𝜋𝑘𝑟2 𝑟1 4𝜋𝑘𝑟3 𝑟2
r3 T3 Q
𝐽 1 𝐵𝑇𝑈 3600𝑠 (𝑇1 −80)℉
500 = 12−9 𝑖𝑛 13−12 T2
𝑠 1055𝐽 𝐻𝑅 +
4𝜋(312
𝐵𝑇𝑈.𝑖𝑛
)(12 𝑖𝑛)(9 𝑖𝑛)(
1 𝑓𝑡 2
) 1 2 T1 r2
2
𝐻𝑅.𝑓𝑡 .℉ 12 𝑖𝑛 4𝜋(043)(13)(12) 12

and 𝑇1 = 373.2 ℉

r1
Example Problems:
4. Hot water is flowing through an 11.43 cm OD steel pipe (k = 45 W/m.K) which is insulated with
5.08 cm 85% magnesia (k = 0.062 W/m K). Thermocouples embedded in the inner and outer
surfaces of the insulation indicate temperatures of 121.1 ⁰C and 46.1 ⁰C respectively. Find the
hourly heat loss per 61 m of pipe length.
𝑇𝑏 −𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑏 −𝑇𝑐 121.1−46.1 𝐾
Solution: 𝑄 =
𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑔
= 𝑟
𝑙𝑛 𝑟3
= 0.10795
𝑙𝑛 0.05715
1 r3 Tc Q
2 𝑊
2𝜋𝑘𝑚𝑎𝑔 𝐿 2𝜋(0.062)(61) (𝑚.𝐾)(𝑚) Tb
𝐽 3600𝑠 𝑘𝐽
Ta r2
= 2802.29 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 = 10,088.24
𝑠 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
11.43
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑟2 = = 5.715 𝑐𝑚 = 0.05715𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑
2

𝑟3 = 𝑟2 + 5.08 𝑐𝑚 = 5.715 + 5.08 = 10.795𝑐𝑚

r1
= 0.10795 𝑚
Example Problems:
5. Determine the heat flow per unit length of a thick cylindrical pipe of radii 𝑟𝑖 = 12 𝑐𝑚
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟2 = 24 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡𝑖 = 425℃, 𝑡𝑜 = 95℃ and with k = 0.05 + 0.0008t where t is in ⁰C and k is in
W/m.K. Assume steady state conditions and account for the variations of thermal conductivity
with temperature.
𝑑𝑇 r3 Tc Q
Solution: 𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟𝐿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑥 Tb
𝑄 𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑟 𝑇 Ta r2
‫׬‬ = −2𝜋 ‫ 𝑜 𝑇׬‬0.05 + 0.0008𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐿 𝑟𝑖 𝑟 𝑖

𝑄 𝑟 0.0008𝑇 2
𝑙𝑛 𝑜 = −2𝜋 0.05𝑇 + 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐿 𝑟𝑖 2
𝑄 𝑟
𝑙𝑛 𝑜 = −2𝜋 0.05𝑇𝑜 + 0.0004𝑇𝑜 2 − (0.05𝑇𝑖 + 0.0004𝑇𝑖 2
𝐿 𝑟𝑖 r1
𝑄 0.24 2 2
𝑙𝑛 = −2𝜋 0.05 95 + 0.0004 95 − 0.05 425 + 0.0004 425
𝐿 0.12
Example Problems:
5. Determine the heat flow per unit length of a thick cylindrical pipe of radii 𝑟𝑖 = 12 𝑐𝑚
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟2 = 24 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡𝑖 = 425℃, 𝑡𝑜 = 95℃ and with k = 0.05 + 0.0008t where t is in ⁰C and k is in
W/m.K. Assume steady state conditions and account for the variations of thermal conductivity
with temperature.
𝑄 r3 Tc Q
Solution: = 771.8 𝑊/𝑚
𝐿 Tb
Ta r2

r1