REVISED RECOMMENDATION An Experimental Study of The Effects of Sleep Deprivation On Young Adults Emotions.

An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sleep
Deprivation on Young Adults' Emotions
Submitted To
May Marcell Mendoza Coneja
Submitted By
Lim, Josiah James
Maravilla, Mary Fatima
Mendoza, Adrianne
Moncayo, Mizcielle
Morcilla, John Paul
Nario, Arabela
Radoc, Sophia Margarette
Second Year - PSY2A
S.Y 2021-2022
RATIONALE: (BACKGROUND/ISSUES, INTENTION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY)
According to Goldstein & Walker (2014), adequate sleep is not only necessary for physical
health and cognitive performance, but it also plays a significant role in emotional processing
wherein sleep is crucial in the formation of memory structures, such as emotional valence (the
degree to which a feeling is positive or negative). Similarly, young adults frequently encounter
sleep deprivation as a consequence of their numerous social, academic, and career
responsibilities. Considering their age range, the ability to maintain longer hours of sleep each
night does constitute the ability to manage their emotions and moods during daily situations.
Meeting these sleeping hours proves difficult as young adults receive more responsibilities and
workloads. So, consuming the time meant for sleep becomes a resort for many.
Furthermore, sleep deprivation causes negative emotions to be amplified and socio-emotional

functioning to be impaired (Beattie, Kyle, Espie, & Biello, 2015), in which an individual with a
significant lack of sleep is more likely to experience a heightened negative emotion than those
who are not sleep-deprived. Additionally, in a lack of sufficient sleep, negative emotional
reactivity appears to be significantly increased, while positive reactions to positive occurrences
appear to be remarkably subjugated. Sleep deprivation also disrupts the emotional regulation of
an individual, all of which may have detrimental impacts in everyday situations. An increasing
amount of research indicates that sleep and emotions are closely connected, with a bidirectional
relationship (Goldstein & Walker, 2014).
According to the National Sleep Foundation (2015), recommended daily sleeping hours vary for
different age groups. It is suggested that the young adult group, whose ages range from 18 to
25, have a sleep duration of 7-9 hours. Also, as specified by a consensus from the American
Academy of Sleep Medicine, the Sleep Research Society, and the Sleep Research Society
(2015), adults ages 18–60 must maintain a sleeping duration of 7 hours or longer to achieve
optimal health. With this, sleep hours for the young adult group with less than the recommended
amount of sleep count as sleep-deprived. Even a discrepancy of one hour still counts as being
sleep-deprived. The longer a young adult's sleeping hours deviate from the recommended
range, the more sleep deprivation he or she suffers. On the other hand, being vulnerable to
negative emotions can greatly affect how individuals’ bodies and brains function whenever one
is deprived of sleep. Women, to be specific, are in need of sleep regulation for them to be
mentally safe and ready for certain challenges. Women contending with distinct sleep
challenges respond differently to sleep disorders, as well as sleep deprivation and deficiency,
and face particular health outcomes as a result of poor sleep (Pengo et al., 2018).
As published research mainly tackles sleep deprivation's effect on physical functioning and
performance, this research aims to cover the implications of sleep deprivation and regulated
sleeping hours, specifically on young adults' emotions. Since emotions determine most of how a
person deals and response to situations, understanding the possible effects of sleeping hours
on emotions will help create the basis necessary for adjustments in sleeping hours. Also, this
study specifically aims to determine how sleep deprivation affects the emotional condition of
young adults based on their measured positive and negative emotions. Evaluating their positive
and negative emotional responses will give further insights into explaining the perception and
output of emotions considering the length of sleep one obtains. more so for the young adults'
age range who experience changes in the environment. Thus, establishing the relative
importance of allocating fixed time for sleep to handle and regulate the emotional responses of
young adults.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:(INDICATE ONLY THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF YOUR

STUDY)
This study is anchored in the theory of Oswald, which is entitled "Restoration Theory." According
to Oswald's Restoration Theory, you need to rest to recuperate energy lost during the day so
that you may be productive and healthy. Dr.Ian Oswald, a sleep researcher, and psychiatrist
who studied restoration in individuals noticed that energy needs were not being met due to
environmental factors. Indeed, it has been stated that people who do not get enough sleep may
suffer from effects like weight gain, anger outbursts, and memory loss (Oswald, 1966).
According to Mark Stibich, Ph.D. 2022), there are several benefits to getting enough rest while
adhering to Oswald's sleep restoration hypothesis, one of which is that there are several
benefits getting enough rest. Sleep allows your mind and body to unwind and recoup from your
day. When you are sleep-deprived, your body produces stress hormones. Stress can cause you
to react in ineffective ways. You may react in panic or make hasty decisions. You can also be
irritable. A bad night's sleep can make you feel anxious. This could last until you finally get some
much-needed rest. According to the study by Marie Vandekerckhove and Yu-lin Wang (2017),
The bidirectional association between emotion and sleep has piqued the curiosity of researchers
in recent years. Sleep appears to be necessary for recovering daily functioning, whereas sleep
loss causes us to become more emotionally aroused and vulnerable to stressful stimuli and
situations. Sleep appears to be critical to our ability to cope with emotional stress in daily life.
However, if daily stress is not adequately managed, it can lead to mental health issues as well
as sleep disruptions. Not only can emotions affect sleep, but there is also evidence that sleep
aids in emotion regulation. Emotional experiences during the day have an impact on sleep, and
the quality and quantity of sleep we get determined how we react to these events, affecting our
overall well-being. Although we know that daily emotional stress influences sleep by changing
sleep physiology, dream patterns, dream content, and the mood inside a dream, its precise
involvement remains unknown. Other effects include exaggeration of the startle response,
decrease in dream recall and elevation of awakening thresholds from rapid eye movement
(REM) sleep, increased or decreased latency to REM sleep, increase in the percentage of REM
density, REM-sleep duration, and the occurrence of arousals in sleep as a marker of sleep
disruption. Similarly, how an individual copes with emotional stress or controls their mood may
affect the impact of emotional stress on sleep. The current review of this research study
concludes with a request for more studies to define the specific link between sleep, emotion,
and emotion regulation, as well as to explain how sleep alleviates emotional
stress.
OBJECTIVES
General Objectives
The general purpose of the study is to know if sleep has a significant effect on an adult’s
emotions.
The following are the specific objectives of the study:

● To determine the extent to which sleep deprivation adversely affects the emotions of
young adults.
● To know the importance of sleep in the emotions of young adults.
● To ascertain the link between sleep and emotional state
HYPOTHESIS (NULL AND ALTERNATIVE)
Ho: Lack of sleep has no significant effect on young adults' emotions.
Ha: Lack of sleep has a significant relationship with young adults' emotions.
RESEARCH DESIGN (INDICATE WHY EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IS THE MOST

APPLICABLE DESIGN IN YOUR CHOSEN STUDY)
Experimental research designs investigate if there is a causal relationship between independent

and dependent variables. According to Loewen and Plonsky (2016), the independent variable is
the variable that influences other variables, whereas the dependent variable is the variable that
is being influenced. Moreover, the independent variable is expected to cause some variation or
change in the dependent variable. We used the experimental research design method to gather
more concrete information about the study we are conducting, which is about the effect of sleep
deprivation on an adult’s emotions. As stated by McLeod (2017), experimental design as
research design includes how the participants are allocated to two different groups. The
researchers will put the participants into two groups—the experimental group and a control
group—in order to determine if the independent variable affects the dependent variable. In
conclusion, in our topic, we’re trying to find if there are causes and effects between our
independent variable and dependent variable, which are the independent variable "Sleep
Deprivation" and the dependent variable "Young Adult Emotions," and with this, we think the
experimental design is most applicable in our research study.
SAMPLE DESIGN
Purposive Sampling
Purposive sampling is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling. This is also
a non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics and the study’s objective. This
type of sampling can be very useful in situations where the researchers need to reach a specific
sample quickly (Crossman, 2020). Additionally, purposive sampling is a powerful way to have in-
depth knowledge of a phenomenon and insights. Through purposive sampling, it allows the
researcher to find and select the participants based on the criteria used to choose only those
who will be part of the study (Seidman). Purposive sampling is a fair process in which the
researchers must reject individuals who do not meet the criteria. It is a standard method among
researchers since it saves time and money compared to other sample methods. The purpose of
this study is to find out how much sleep deprivation impacts the emotions of young adults.
The first inclusion criterion for this study was the age of the subject. We decided to gather 10
individuals aged between 20 and 24 to participate because young adults are more vulnerable to
the disadvantages of being deprived, particularly of their emotions. The second inclusion
criterion we considered for this study is that individuals must be unemployed. The third inclusion
criterion for this study is young adults, particularly females. The last and fourth inclusion criterion
for this study is that participants have a proper sleep before the day of the experiment.
COLLECTING DATA PROCEDURE: (MAKE SURE IT CAN BE EXECUTED ONLINE)
The researchers decided to collect primary data from the respondents, primarily through a
questionnaire, to test the implications of the number of sleeping hours on the respondent's
emotions. Researchers opt to use an adapted questionnaire available for public use to avoid
time constraints when formulating new questionnaires and ensure psychometric soundness.
The respondent's positive and negative emotions make up the components of the questionnaire,
which only comprises closed questions. Therefore, responses from the respondents come in the
form of quantitative data.
Each researcher sought two respondents to represent the treatment and control groups;
therefore, ten respondents in total. All the respondents agreed to sign the provided consent
forms, informing them of the experiment's background, description, and the researchers' contact
information. Then, each of the researchers assigned one to the sleep-deprived group with only
three hours of sleep and one to the group with a regulated sleeping schedule of seven to eight
hours. An initial questionnaire served as the basis for allocating respondents to the treatment
and control groups. The researchers dealt with the possible extraneous variables by directly
supervising the participants' sleeping treatments. Similar sleep and wake time schedules
necessary for the treatment and control groups are monitored and observed. The sleep
schedule assigned to sleep-deprived respondents was 3:00 am to 6:00 am, compared to 10:00
pm to 6:00 am for the group with regular sleeping hours. Furthermore, the researchers managed
the activities of the sleep-deprived group participants so that no other factors could influence
their performance on the test results in the morning; then, all respondents will take the
questionnaire at 6: 30 a.m. By deriving the mean of the quantitative responses of the
participants, the researchers determine whether sleeping hours affect emotion. Finally, the
researchers and their respondents had a debriefing session to discuss other specific details
concerning the experiment, including the passive deception of not informing the participants that
the questionnaire intended to measure their positive and negative emotions.
PROCESSING AND ANALYZING DATA (INDICATE THE STATISTICAL TOOLS YOU ARE
GOING TO UTILIZE IN GATHERING DATA)
The data collected by the researcher is presented, evaluated, and interpreted in this chapter.
This research aims to determine the significant effect of sleep has on female young adults'
positive and negative emotions. Collated quantitative data from the participants is in the form of
quantifiable scales of 0 to 3, wherein 0 indicates "did not apply to me at all," 1 indicates "Applied
to me to some degree," 2 indicates "Applied to me to a considerable degree," and 3 for "Applied
to me very much."
The researchers tallied all responses to the facets of positive and negative emotions featured in
the questionnaire through the excel program. Then, using the means of the treatment and
control groups to ascertain and measure the effects of sleep deprivation on the emotions of
young adults, The two groups' mean scores will determine the quantitative and verbal
interpretation of the effects of the group's sleeping condition and their emotional response.
Gaps or differences in the overall mean scores provide evidence of the relative impact of sleep
on emotions.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
TABLE 1.1: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENDER OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON

YOUNG ADULTS' EMOTIONS
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MALE 0 0%
FEMALE 10 100%
Total 10 100%
This table shows the gender of the subjects who participated in the study. The frequency of
females is ten, whereas the male is zero, indicating that the subject of this study is entirely
female.
TABLE 1.2: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE AGE OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON

YOUNG ADULTS' EMOTIONS
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

22 5 50%
23 4 40%
24 1 10%
Total 10 100%
This table indicates the age range of the participants who served as the subjects of the study. It
shows that five out of the ten participants' age range is 22. This means that half of the
participants are under the age of 22. Furthermore, the four subjects are all under the age of 23,
accounting for 40% of the total participants. Lastly, the remaining 10 percent goes to the one
participant who is aged 24 years old.
TABLE 1.3: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE HOURS OF SLEEP OF SLEEP

DEPRIVATION ON YOUNG ADULTS' EMOTIONS
HOURS OF SLEEP FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 0 0%
2 0 0%
3 0 0%
4 2 20%
5 4 40%
6 0 0%
7 2 20%
8 2 20%
more than 8 0 0%
Total 10 100%
The frequency distribution of respondents according to the amount of sleep they get is shown in
Table 1.3, and it clearly reveals that the majority of respondents answered 5 hours of sleep as
the most.
TABLE 1.4: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF DAYS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON YOUNG

ADULTS' EMOTIONS
DAYS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1-2 0 0%
3-4 6 60%
5-6 3 30%
7 (a week) 1 10%
Total 10 100%
Table 1.4 displays the respondents' frequency distribution by how many consecutive days on
which they encounter the hours' sleep they get, which they also provided in the previous table
on Table 1.3. Furthermore, the majority of respondents have a sleeping pattern that lasts 3-4
days.
TABLE 2: RESPONSE WITH TREATMENT IN RELATION TO NEGATIVE EMOTION
SUBJECTS AVE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

1 1.3 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE
2 1.5 APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE DEGREE
3 2 APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE DEGREE
Legend: Verbal Interpretation ( 0 DID NOT APPLY TO ME AT ALL, 1 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE,
2 APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE DEGREE, 3 APPLIED TO ME VERY MUCH)
Table 2 shows the responses of the treatment group, which consists of sleep-deprived subjects,
in relation to negative emotions. Two out of five subjects from the Treatment Group
(sleepdeprived subjects) got the highest average, which is 1.5 and 2. This means that negative
emotions are applied to them to a considerable degree because they are sleep-deprived. On the
other hand, three subjects experienced negative emotions to some degree due to sleep
deprivation, with an average of 1.3, 1.2, and 1.25, respectively.
Based on the results of table 2, it is evident that sleep deprivation causes negative emotions.
According to Palmer et al. (2019), poor sleep in youth is a risk factor for experiencing increased
negative emotions and decreased positive emotions, which can contribute to the development of
later emotional disorders. Furthermore, implying that if more time was spent sleeping, then it
would help in reducing negative emotions, as Greater variability in sleep timing was associated
with less avoidance of negative emotional situations, and a longer sleep-onset latency was
associated with more avoidance of negative emotional situations. (as cited in Palmer et al.,
2019).
TABLE 3: RESPONSE WITH TREATMENT IN RELATION TO POSITIVE EMOTION

2 0.45 DID NOT APPLY TO ME AT ALL
3 1 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE
4 1 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE
Table 3 shows the responses of the treatment group, which consists of sleep-deprived subjects,
in relation to positive emotions. One out of five subjects got the lowest average, which is 0.45,
meaning that positive emotions did not apply to the subject at all after being deprived of sleep.
Moreover, positive emotions were applied to some degree to the rest of the subjects, with an
average of 1.05, 1.11, and 0.9 respectively.
Based on the findings of table 3, it is evident that positive emotions are not strong after being
sleep deprived. According to (Parsons et al., 2021), higher self-reported sleep quality was
significantly associated with increased intensity and duration of positive emotions and
decreased intensity of negative emotions. Moreover, the importance of the time that gets
reduced for sleep still affects an individual’s positive emotions. According to Saksvik-Lehouillier
et al. (2020), even partial sleep restriction, such as reducing sleep by 2 hours per night for 3
nights, has been associated with linear reductions in positive affect across study days.
TABLE 4: RESPONSE WITHOUT TREATMENT IN RELATION TO NEGATIVE EMOTION

Table 4 shows the responses of the control group, which consists of subjects with a regular
sleeping pattern in relation to negative emotions. The results show that negative emotions did
not apply at all to four out of five subjects, which had an average of 0.3, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.35
respectively. On the other hand, only one subject experienced negative emotions to some
degree, with an average of 1.3.
Based on the findings of table 4, it is clear that negative emotions can be avoided by observing
a regular sleeping pattern. According to (Parsons et al., 2021), Lower quality sleep was
associated with higher ratings of negative emotion intensity. For an individual to regulate their
negative emotions it is better for one to observe a regular sleeping schedule, this will help them
regulate emotions and emotionally function better on a daily basis. Moreover (as cited in
Parsons et al., 2021) The link between sleep and positive emotion are broadly consistent with
studies suggesting that poor sleep quality is more robustly associated with impaired positive
relative to negative mood.
TABLE 5: RESPONSE WITHOUT TREATMENT IN RELATION TO POSITIVE EMOTION

1 1.8 APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT
3 2.65 APPLIED TO ME VERY MUCH
Table 5 shows the responses of the control group, which consists of subjects with a regular
sleeping pattern in relation to positive emotions. Three out of five subjects got the highest
average, which was 2.65, 2.65, and 2.75 respectively. This means that positive emotions apply
to them very much because of regular sleeping. Furthermore, one subject got an average of 1.8,
meaning that positive emotions applied to the subject to a considerable amount. Lastly, one
subject got the lowest average of 0.65, where positive emotions only applied to the subject to
some degree.
Based on the results of table 5, it is clearly shown that positive emotions are greatly improved
due to regular sleeping patterns. Based on (Hidaya, 2021), Sleep is crucial for mental and
physical health while regulating emotion plays a vital role in decreasing the detrimental effects of
emotional stress on sleep physiology. In order for an individual to regulate emotion one was
must observe a regular sleeping pattern to also avoid emotional stress. Moreover (as cited in
Hidaya, 2021) Sleep loss compromises optimal effective functioning, affecting emotion
generation and the ability to regulate emotions and express them. Our brain requires enough
rest for it to emotionally function properly and this is one of the best ways to regulate our
emotions and reduce the negative emotions of an individual.
TABLE 6: COMPARISON OF THE GROUPS IN TERMS OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
APPLIED TO ME TO SOME
1.3 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE 1.3 DEGREE
1.5 APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE 0.3 DID NOT APPLY TO ME AT
DEGREE ALL
APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE DID NOT APPLY TO ME AT
2 DEGREE 0.2 ALL
DID NOT APPLY TO ME AT
1.2 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE 0.3 ALL
1.25 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE 0.35 ALL
APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE DID NOT APPLY TO ME AT
1.45 DEGREE 0.49 ALL
Table 6 shows the comparison of the two groups (with and without treatment) in terms of
negative emotions. The treatment group got an average of 1.45, which means that negative
emotions applied to the subjects to a considerable degree. On the other hand, the control group
got an average of 0.49, which means that negative emotions did not apply to the subjects at all.
Based on the findings of table 6, it is clear that negative emotions are still present despite the
treatment given. According to (Ioannou et al., 2020), Sleep deprivation may have a transient
effect on depressive symptoms in a subgroup of patients. The lack of sleep despite treatment
can still cause harmful long-term effects that may affect an individual in many ways. Moreover,
negative emotions were causing seven items to be used to evaluate changes in subjective
feelings (annoyance, anxiety, helplessness, lack of interest in other things, sense of control,
fatigue, and anger) (Dai et al., 2021).
TABLE 7: COMPARISON OF THE GROUPS IN TERMS OF POSITIVE EMOTIONS
APPLIED TO ME TO SOME APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE

1.05 DEGREE 1.8 AMOUNT
0.45 ALL 0.65 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME DEGREE
1 DEGREE 2.65 APPLIED TO ME VERY MUCH
1 APPLIED TO ME TO SOME 2.65 APPLIED TO ME VERY MUCH
DEGREE
0.9 DEGREE 2.75 APPLIED TO ME VERY MUCH
APPLIED TO ME TO SOME APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE
0.88 DEGREE 2.1 DEGREE
Table 7 shows the comparison of the two groups (with and without treatment) in terms of
positive emotions. The treatment group got an average of 0.88, which means that positive
emotions applied to the subjects to some degree. On the other hand, the control group got an
average of 2.1, which means that positive emotions applied to a considerable degree to the
subjects.
Based on the results, it is evident that the emotions of individuals tend to be positively affected
by a regular sleeping pattern. Individuals with a regular sleeping pattern are more likely to
experience happiness, excitement, serenity, and amusement than individuals who are
sleepdeprived.
Based on the findings of table 7, it is clearly shown that positive emotions are present when
sleep deprivation is treated. According to Gerhardsson et al. (2018), positive stimuli promoted
faster responses than negative stimuli, which may explain why sleep deprivation promotes
slower responses. Positive emotions are easier to feel when treated properly, as most
individuals should function this way. Observing a regular sleeping schedule would greatly help
to avoid the promotion of negative emotions. In addition, based on (Parsons et al., 2021), higher
ratings of the prior night's sleep quality were associated with small increases in the duration of
positive emotions, but ratings of the prior night's sleep duration were not statistically significant.
TABLE 8: HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis Decision
HO: Lack of sleep has no significant effect on young adults' Reject the null
emotions. hypothesis
Accept the
HA: Lack of sleep has a significant relationship with young adults' alternative
emotions. hypothesis
CONCLUSION
This study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on the emotions of young adults.
Primary data was gathered from 10 individuals using a questionnaire. The goal of this study, as
stated earlier in the introduction, was to determine the importance of sleep in the emotions of
young adults; the level to which sleep deprivation negatively impacts the emotions of young
people; and the relationship between sleep and emotional state.
● Young adults' sleep deprivation can influence their emotions. Young adults’ emotions are
affected by sleep deprivation because they only get three hours of sleep. A one-hour
difference still counts as being sleep-deprived. The more the sleeping hours exceed the
selected limits, the more sleep deprivation young adults experience. They commonly
experience sleep deprivation as a result of their multiple social and academic demands.
In consideration of all these statements, we, therefore, determine that sleep deprivation
can impact the emotions of young adults.
● We considered our study to be successful. We used a questionnaire to assess the

factors that influence the emotions of young adults. This questionnaire was extremely
helpful in the completion of this research. We identified that sleep deprivation increased
the effects of negative emotions in young people, particularly anger, anxiety, sadness,
and laziness. These assertions are the reason we considered this study a success.
● Sleep is necessary for restoring daily functioning, whereas sleep deprivation increases
people’s emotions as well as their whole well-being. As a result, determining the
significance of sleep in the emotions of young adults is important because sleep is
essential to young adults ability to deal with their emotions on a daily basis.
Recommendations:
Based on the findings and conclusion presented the following recommendations are
suggested.
1. For the subjects or respondents, since it was found in the experiment that sleep deprivation
affects the emotions of young adults, they should make sure that they get enough sleep so as to
avoid negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, sadness, and laziness. They may engage
themselves in certain habits, routines, or activities that will help them get enough sleep. These
may include the following but are not limited to: reading a book, turning off your phone,
journaling, and meditation. Moreover, the respondents should also make sure that sleep
problems or sleep deprivation are not caused by a serious physical illness.
2. For parents and guardians, the researchers suggest being more aware and mindful of the
demands and expectations they place on their children especially if their children are already in
the stage of young adulthood. Social and academic demands are the main reasons why young
adults usually deprive themselves of sleep. Hence, it would be very helpful if they can have the
emotional or moral support that they need in their age.
3. For barangay or city officials, they may initiate wellness programs focused on having enough
and good sleep. They may also conduct personality development activities focused on time
management. With this, they will be able to reach out to young adults who are struggling with
their emotions because of sleep deprivation.
4. This study can be used as a reference for future researchers interested in the effects of
sleep deprivation on the emotions of young adults. Since the subjects in this experiment were
more focused on one age group and entirely female respondents, they may also consider other
variables such as different age groups, professions, or the kind of environment where the
respondents sleep.
REFERENCES:
Goldstein, A. N., & Walker, M. P. (2014). The Role of Sleep in Emotional Brain Function.
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 23.3–23.7. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-
clinpsy-032813-153716
NCBI - WWW Error Blocked Diagnostic. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181893/
Beattie, L., Kyle, S. D., Espie, C. A., & Biello, S. M. (2015b). Social interactions, emotion,
and sleep: A systematic review and research agenda. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 24.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.12.005
Crossman, A. (2020).Understanding purposive sampling. An overview of the method and
its application. https://www.thoughtco.com/purposive-sampling-3026727
Chaput, J.-P., Dutil, C., & Sampasa-Kanyinga, H. (2018). Sleeping hours: What is the
ideal number and how does age impact this? Nature and Science of Sleep, Volume 10,
421–430. https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s163071
Cureus (2018). The Amygdala, Sleep Debt, Sleep Deprivation and the Emotion of Anger:
A Possible Connection. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6122651/
Gustavsson, D. (2020) Sleep Deprivation and Emotional Reactivity.
https://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:1499173/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Ioannou, M., Wartenberg, C., Greenbrook, J. T. V., Larson, T., Magnusson, K., Schmitz,
L., Sjögren, P., Stadig, I., Szabó, Z., & Steingrimsson, S. (2020). Sleep deprivation as
treatment for depression: Systematic review and meta analysis. Acta Psychiatrica
Scandinavica, 143(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13253
Marie Vandekerckhove & Yu-lin Wang (2018). Emotion, emotion regulation and sleep: An
intimate relationship https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181893/?
fbclid=IwAR2h07rtz02axFxZqS b82IEGEXj1wzysrnys6keKv8FYO9itQP5bZ1dWINg
I (2020). Oswald’s Restoration Theory of Sleep: A Brief Summary
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181893/?fbclid=IwAR2h07rtz02axFxZqS
b82IEGEXj1wzysrnys6keKv8FYO9itQP5bZ1dWINg
Stibich, Phd (2022) 10 Benefits of a Good Night’s Sleep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181893/?fbclid=IwAR2h07rtz02axFxZqS
b82IEGEXj1wzysrnys6keKv8FYO9itQP5bZ1dWINg
Révész (2020). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs. In: McKinley, J and Rose,
H, (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Applied Linguistics.

https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10091265/?fbclid=IwAR0ByoxOZ1c-2yM-
D5F7QRRVmx7LiM3vk0A4GDyzSUxICGZwu8zSRATZo1Q
DOCUMENTATION
APPENDICES
I. CONSENT/INVITATION LETTER
University of Batangas Lipa Campus
Letter of Invitation to Participate in Research
An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Young Adults' Emotions
Date:
Dear Ms.
You are invited to participate in a research study. A group from the University of Batangas
Lipa Campus is conducting a research study about the effects of sleep deprivation on young
adults’ emotions. We are particularly interested in how sleep deprivation affects young adult
emotions and how those with normal sleep patterns impact their emotions.
We are doing this because sleep deprivation makes certain individuals more emotionally
reactive and sensitive, which is harmful to an individual's ability to cope with emotional stress on
a daily basis. We would like to explore more about the emotions an individual perceives when
they are sleep deprived and when they get enough sleep as young adults.
This experiment would only take a day, and you could be one of those who are sleep
deprived and have just three hours of sleep, or you might be one of the groups who have regular
sleep patterns and have seven to eight hours of sleep. The next day, the researchers will give
activity to each participant. Participating in this study would also benefit others by allowing
people to better understand what happens to a person's emotions when sleep is limited and how
it differs from those who are getting regular sleep.
Your participation in this study is entirely voluntary, and if you accept, you have the right
to leave the study at any time for any reason. There are no consequences if you choose not to
participate and there will be no cash compensation for taking part in this study. You can also
withdraw your consent to participate at any time. Furthermore, your participation will remain
confidential and anonymous.
During this period, you will be monitored by researchers, and the researcher will take
pictures of the procedure in order to document it. There are no risks or discomforts associated
with this research. The person watching you, on the other hand, can provide you with their name
and phone number.
The findings of this research will be presented online at a google meet on May 28, 2022.
If you would like a copy of the results of the study, please contact one of the researchers at the
number given below.
This research is not just for our personal advantage, but also for the benefit of everyone.
This is essential to explain what changes have occurred in an individual's emotions and what
initiatives may be taken to help improve an individual's consciousness in order to prevent sleep
deprivation, particularly in young adults.
For further information or to contact one of the researchers regarding any part of this
process, feel free to contact Arabela Nario at the University of Batangas Lipa Campus at
arabelanario@gmail.com. If you have any further questions, please contact one of my
coresearchers, Mr. Mendoza, Adriane at 1921007@ub.edu.ph or Ms. Radoc, Sophia Margarette
at 1820160@ub.edu.ph.
CONSENT
I have read and understood the information presented, and I have had the chance to ask
questions. I recognize that my participation is entirely optional, and that I am free to pull out at
any moment, without justification or penalty. I understand that a copy of this consent form will be
handed to me. I willingly consent to participate in this research.
Participant's signature ______________________________ Date:

Researcher’s signature _____________________________ Date:
II. CONSENT/INVITATION LETTER WITH SUBJECTS’ AGREEMENT
A.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT
Participant's signature ______________________________ Date: 05/16/2022
Researcher’s signature _____________________________ Date: 05/16/2022

B.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT

C.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT
Researcher’s signature
_____________________________ Date: 05/16/2022
D.

Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT

E.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT

F.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT
G.

Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT

H.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT

I.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT
Participant's signature
______________________________ Date: 05/16/2022

J.
Date:05/16/2022
Dear Ms.
and phone number.
number given below.
CONSENT
Participant's signature
______________________________ Date: 05/16/2022

III. INITIAL QUESTIONNAIRE
Sleeping hours assessment
1. State your gender?
a. Male
b. Female
2. What is your age?
a............................................................................................................................... 22
b............................................................................................................................... 23
c.............................................................................................................................. 24
3. How many hours of sleep do you get in 24 hours? (approximately)
a. 1 hour
b. 2 hours
c. 3 hours
d. 4 hours
e. 5 hours
f. 6 hours
g. 7 hours
h. 8 hours
i. More than 8 hours
4. On average, how many consecutive days do you observe those sleeping hours? a.
1-2 days
b. 3-4 days
c. 5-6 days
d. 7 days (a week)
IV. QUESTIONNAIRE
Please read each statement and choose a number 0, 1, 2, or 3 which indicates how much the
statement applies to you after the experimentation. There are no right or wrong answers. Do not
spend too much time on any statement. The rating scale is as follows:
0 - Did not apply to me at all
1 - Applied to me to some degree
2 - Applied to me to a considerable degree
3 - Applied to me very much
I feel aggressive
I feel like anyone can piss me off easily
I feel like easily irritated
I feel anger and resentment for no reason
I feel like using extreme behavior

I sense myself getting agitated
It seems difficult to relax
I feel scared for no apparent reason
I feel anxious and uneasy
I feel the need to distance myself from anyone
It feels like I am unable to experience any positive feelings at all
I feel down-hearted and blue
I feel that I had nothing to look forward to
I am unable to feel enthusiastic about anything
I feel upset for no apparent reason
I find it difficult to work up the initiative to do things
I feel like it will take extra effort to get started
I don’t feel like socializing
I feel an urge to do nothing and just rest for the whole day
I feel like having difficulty deciding what to do for the day
I feel like savoring this day
I feel really lively
I feel like I had a lot of energy
I feel enthusiastic
I have the feeling of being optimistic
I feel like I will have a lot of fun
I am full of energy
I feel that I have a lot to look forward to
I am having a sense of cheerfulness
I feel that something good will happen to me
I feel really good about myself
I am feeling at peace
I feel that I can accept anything that will happen to me
I feel that nothing bad will happen
I feel like I am close to tranquilness
I feel like I am easily amused
I feel I can find humor in almost everything
I find things to be pleasant
I feel this day would be astonishing
I feel that I would like this day

REVISED RECOMMENDATION An Experimental Study of The Effects of Sleep Deprivation On Young Adults Emotions.

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

REVISED RECOMMENDATION An Experimental Study of The Effects of Sleep Deprivation On Young Adults Emotions.

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

REVISED RECOMMENDATION An Experimental Study of The Effects of Sleep Deprivation On Young Adults Emotions.

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sleep

Deprivation on Young Adults' Emotions

May Marcell Mendoza Coneja

Lim, Josiah James

Maravilla, Mary Fatima

Morcilla, John Paul

Radoc, Sophia Margarette

Second Year - PSY2A

Furthermore, sleep deprivation causes negative emotions to be amplified and socio-emotional

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:(INDICATE ONLY THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF YOUR

The following are the specific objectives of the study:

HYPOTHESIS (NULL AND ALTERNATIVE)

Ho: Lack of sleep has no significant effect on young adults' emotions.

RESEARCH DESIGN (INDICATE WHY EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IS THE MOST

Experimental research designs investigate if there is a causal relationship between independent

COLLECTING DATA PROCEDURE: (MAKE SURE IT CAN BE EXECUTED ONLINE)

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

TABLE 1.1: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENDER OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

TABLE 1.2: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE AGE OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

TABLE 1.3: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE HOURS OF SLEEP OF SLEEP

HOURS OF SLEEP FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

TABLE 1.4: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF DAYS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON YOUNG

TABLE 2: RESPONSE WITH TREATMENT IN RELATION TO NEGATIVE EMOTION

SUBJECTS AVE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

TABLE 3: RESPONSE WITH TREATMENT IN RELATION TO POSITIVE EMOTION

SUBJECTS AVE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

SUBJECTS AVE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

TABLE 5: RESPONSE WITHOUT TREATMENT IN RELATION TO POSITIVE EMOTION

TABLE 6: COMPARISON OF THE GROUPS IN TERMS OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONS

TABLE 7: COMPARISON OF THE GROUPS IN TERMS OF POSITIVE EMOTIONS

APPLIED TO ME TO SOME APPLIED TO ME TO A CONSIDERABLE

● We considered our study to be successful. We used a questionnaire to assess the

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 23.3–23.7. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-

NCBI - WWW Error Blocked Diagnostic. (n.d.). Retrieved from

Crossman, A. (2020).Understanding purposive sampling. An overview of the method and

its application. https://www.thoughtco.com/purposive-sampling-3026727

Gustavsson, D. (2020) Sleep Deprivation and Emotional Reactivity.

Scandinavica, 143(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13253

intimate relationship https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7181893/?

I (2020). Oswald’s Restoration Theory of Sleep: A Brief Summary

Stibich, Phd (2022) 10 Benefits of a Good Night’s Sleep

H, (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Applied Linguistics.

University of Batangas Lipa Campus

Letter of Invitation to Participate in Research

An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Young Adults' Emotions

Participant's signature ______________________________ Date:

II. CONSENT/INVITATION LETTER WITH SUBJECTS’ AGREEMENT

University of Batangas Lipa Campus

Letter of Invitation to Participate in Research

An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Young Adults' Emotions

Participant's signature ______________________________ Date: 05/16/2022

Researcher’s signature _____________________________ Date: 05/16/2022

University of Batangas Lipa Campus

Letter of Invitation to Participate in Research

An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Young Adults' Emotions