Indefinite Tense:

Present Indefinite Tense:

It is also called Present Simple Tense. It is very important tense, so give maximum time to this
tense. Present Indefinite Tense shows when an action happens now or it happens constantly or
regularly as a hobby. ( ،‫ ت ی ہ ے‬،‫ ت یں وغ یرہ ت اہ ے‬،‫ ہ وں‬،‫ ت ا‬،‫) ت ے ہ یں‬.

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)

Subject + 1st Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they (subject) + eat (1st form of verb) + apple (object)

 He/she/it (subject) + eat (1st form of verb +s/es) + apple (object)

For example:

 I eat apple (mai saib khata hun)

 He eats apple (wo saib khata hai)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Do + Not + 1st Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they (subject) + do (auxiliary verb) + not + eat (1st form of verb) + apple
(object)
 He/she/it (Subject) + does (auxiliary verb) + not + eat (1st form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I do not eat apple (mai saib nahi khata hun)

 He does not eat apple (wo saib nahi khata)

1
(Interrogative form)
 Do + Subject + 1st Form of Verb + Object

 Do+ I/you/we/they (subject) + eat (1st form of verb) + apple (object)

 Does + he/she/it (subject) + eat (1st form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 Do I eat apple? (Kya mai saib khata hun?)

 Does he eat apple? (Kya wo saib khata hai?)
 Do I not eat apple? (Kya mai saib nahi khata hun?)
 Don’t I eat apple? (Informal but correct too)
 Does he not eat apple? (Kya wo saib nahi khata hai?)
 Doesn’t he eat apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

Past Indefinite Tense:

The Past Indefinite Tense is also called Simple Past Tense. The Past Indefinite Tense is used to
show an action that has been completed in the past, but it does not tell exactly at what time the
action completed, and that's why it is called past indefinite. ( ،‫ گ ۓ‬،‫ گ ئں‬،‫ گ یا‬،‫ گ ئ‬،‫ دا‬،‫ دی‬،‫ک یا‬
،‫ ل ی‬،‫) وغ یرہ ڑا ل یا‬

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + 2nd Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + ate (2nd form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I ate apple (Mai ne saib khaya)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Did + Not + 1st Form of Verb + Object

2
  I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + did (auxiliary verb) + not + eat (1st form of verb) +
apple (object)

For example:

 I did not eat apple (Mai ne saib nahi khaya)

(Interrogative form)
 Did + Subject + 1st Form of Verb + Object

 Did (auxiliary verb) + I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + eat (1st form of verb) + apple
(object)

For example:

 Did I eat apple? (Kya mai ne saib khaya?)

 Did I not eat apple? (Kya mai ne saib nahi khaya?)
 Didn’t I eat apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

Future Indefinite Tense:

The future Indefinite Tense is used to show an action that has not happened yet and will happen
soon in near future. It is one of the easiest tense to understand. ( ،‫ گ ا‬،‫ گ ی‬،‫) وغ یرہ گ ے‬.

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + Will + 1st Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will (auxiliary verb) + eat (1st form of verb) + apple
(object)

For example:

 I will eat apple (Mai saib khaunga)

3
(Negative form)
 Subject + Will + Not + 1st form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will (auxiliary verb) + not + eat (1st form of verb) +
apple (object)

For example:

 I will not eat apple (Mai saib nahi khaunga)

(Interrogative form)
 Will + Subject + 1st Form of Verb + Object

 Will (auxiliary verb) + I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + eat (1st form of verb) + apple
(object)

For example:

 Will I eat apple? (Kya mai saib khaunga?)

 Will I not eat apple? (Kya mai saib nahi khaunga?)
 Won’t I eat apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

4
 Continuous tense

Present Continuous Tense:

The Present Continuous Tense is used for an action that is unfinished, actions happening now or
an ongoing present action. This tense is simple to understand. (،‫ رہ ی رہ اہ وں‬،‫)وغ یرہ رہ ےہ یں ہ وں‬.

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + Am/Is/Are + 4th Form of Verb + Object

 I (subject) + am (auxiliary verb) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

 You/we/they (subject) + are (auxiliary verb)+ eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
 He/she/it (subject) + is (auxiliary verb) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:
 I am eating apple (Mai saib kha rha hun)
 You are eating apple (Ap saib kharhe ho)
 He is eating apple (Wo saib kha rha hai)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Am/Is/Are + Not + 4th Form of Verb + Object

 I (subject) + am + not + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

 You/we/they (subject) + are + not + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
 He/she/it (subject) + is + not + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:
 I am not eating apple (Mai saib nahi kha rha hun)
 You are not eating apple (Ap saib nahi kha rhe ho)
 He is not eating apple (Wo saib nahi kharha hai)

5
(Interrogative form)
 Subject + Am/Are/Is + 4th Form of Verb + Object

 Am + I (subject) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

 Are + You/we/they (subject) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
 Is + He/she/it (subject) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:
 Am I eating apple? (Kya mai saib kha rha hun?)
 Are you eating apple? (Kya ap saib kha rhe ho?)
 Is he eating apple? (Kya wo saib kha rha hai?)
 Am I not eating apple? (Kya mai saib nahi kha rha hun?)
 Ain’t I eating apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)
 Are not you eating apple? (Kya ap saib nahi kha rhe ho?)
 Aren’t you eating apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)
 Is he not eating apple? (Kya wo saib nahi kha rha hai?)
 Isn’t he eating apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

Past Continuous Tense:

The Past Continuous Tense is used to describe an ongoing action of the past. (،‫رہ ی رہ ےت ھے‬
‫ ت ھی‬، ‫ رہ ا‬،‫)وغ یرہ ت ھا‬

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + Was/Were + 4th Form of Verb + Object

 I (subject) + was (auxiliary verb) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
 You/we/they (subject) + were(auxiliary verb) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
 He/she/it (subject) + was + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

6
 For example:

 I was eating apple (Mai saib kha rha tha)

 You were eating apple (Ap saib kha rhe thay)
 He was eating apple (Wo saib kha rha tha)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Was/Were + Not + 4th Form of Verb + Object

 I (subject) + was + not + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

 You/we/they (subject) + were + not + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
 He/she/it (subject) + was + not + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I was not eating apple (Mai saib nahi kha rha tha)
 You were not eating apple (Ap saib nahi kha rha thay)
 He was not eating apple (Wo saib nahi kha rha tha)

(Interrogative form)

 Was/Were + Subject + Not + 4th Form Of Verb + Object

 Was + I (subject) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

 Were + you/we/they (subject) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
 Was + he/she/it (subject) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 Was I eating apple? (Kya mai saib kha rha tha?)

 Was I not eating apple? (Kya mai saib nahi kha rha tha?)
 Wasn’t I eating apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)
 Were you eating apple? (Kya ap saib kha rhe thay?)
 Were you not eating apple? (Kya ap saib nahi kha rhe thay?)

7
  Weren’t you eating apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in
dialogue/conversation)
 Was he eating apple? (Kya wo saib kha rha tha?)
 Was he not eating apple? (Kya wo saib nahi kha rha tha?
 Wasn’t he eating apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

Future Continuous Tense:

It is used to show an action that continues in the future which has not been finished. ( ‫رہ ےہ وں‬
‫رہ ی‬،‫ ہ وں گ ے‬،‫) وغ یرہ گ ی‬.

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + Will + Be + 4th Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will (auxiliary verb) + be (auxiliary verb) + eating

(4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I will be eating apple (Mai saib khata rahunga)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Will + Not + Be + 4th Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will + not + be + eating (4th form of verb) + apple

(object)

For example:

 I will not be eating apple (Mai saib nahi khata rhunga)

(Interrogative form)
 Will + Subject + be + 4th form of verb + object

8
  Will+ I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + be + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 Will I be eating apple? (Kya mai saib khata rhunga?)

 Will I be not eating apple? (Kya mai saib nahi khata rhunga?)
 Won’t be I eating apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

9
 Perfect Tense:

Present Perfect Tense:

The Present Perfect Tense is used to show an action that has been recently finished or completed
or the action that has been started in the past and continues in the present. (‫ےہاکچ‬، ‫ےہ یکچ‬،
،‫ گ ۓہ یں وغ یرہ(چ کاہ وں‬،‫ ک یاہ ے‬،‫ ل یاہ ے‬،‫ داہ ے‬،‫ ٹ ھےہ یں‬،‫ ٹ ھاہ وں‬،‫چ کےہ یں‬

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + has/have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they (subject) + have (auxiliary verb) + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple
(object)
 He/she/it (subject) + has (auxiliary verb) + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I have eaten apple (mai saib kha chuka hun)

 He has eaten apple (wo saib kha chuka hai)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Has/Have + Not + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they (subject) + have + not + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple (object)
 He/she/it (Subject) + has + not + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I have not eaten apple (mai saib nahi kha chuka hun)
 He has not eat apple (wo saib nahi kha chuka hai)

10
(Interrogative form)
 Have/Has + Subject + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 Have + I/you/we/they (subject) + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple (object)

 Has + he/she/it (subject) + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 Have I eaten apple? (Kya mai saib kha chuka hun?)

 Has he eaten apple? (Kya wo saib kha chuka hai?)
 Have I not eaten apple? (Kya mai saib nahi kha chuka hun?)
 Haven’t I eaten apple? (Informal but correct too)
 Has he not eaten apple? (Kya wo saib nahi kha chuka hai?)
 Hasn’t he eaten apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

Past Perfect Tense:

The Past Perfect Tense is used to show one action happened before another in the past OR action
that completed in the past before a defined time. ( ‫ گ ئ‬،‫ گ یات ھا‬،‫ہ وات ھا‬، ‫ چ کات ھا‬،‫چ کی ت ھی‬
،‫ ت ھی‬،‫)وغ یرہ مال ت ھا‬

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + had + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + had (auxiliary verb) + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple
(object)

For example:

 I had eaten apple (Mai saib kha chuka tha)

11
(Negative form)
 Subject + Had + Not + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + had + not + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I had not eaten apple (Mai saib nahi kha chukka tha)

(Interrogative form)
 Had + Subject + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 Had+ I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 Had I eaten apple? (Kya mai saib kha chukka tha?)

 Had I not eaten apple? (Kya mai saib nahi kha chukka tha?)
 Hadn’t I eaten apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

Future Perfect Tense:

The Future Perfect Tense is used to show an action that is expected to complete or happen in
future. It has a definitive end date. ( ‫ چ کےہ وں‬،‫ چ کاہ وں گ ے‬،‫ چ کی گ ا‬،‫ ہ وگ ی‬،‫ چ کی چ کاہ وگ ا‬،‫ہ وگ ی‬
‫ چ ک یں‬،‫) وغ یرہ گ ی‬

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + Will + Have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will (auxiliary verb) + have (auxiliary verb) + eat (3rd
form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

12
  I will have eaten apple (Mai saib kha chuka hunga)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Will + Not + Have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will + not + have + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple
(object)

For example:

 I will not have eaten apple (Mai saib nahi kha chuka hunga)

(Interrogative form)
 Will + Subject + Have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

 Will+ I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + not + have + eaten (3rd form of verb) + apple
(object)

For example:

 Will I have eaten apple? (Kya mai saib kha chuka hunga?)
 Will I not have eaten apple? (Kya mai saib nahi kha chuka hunga?)
 Won’t I have eaten apple? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in dialogue/conversation)

13
 Perfect continuous Tense:

Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show an action that started in the past,
continued to present or just finished recently. There is no PASSIVE VOICE in Present Perfect
Continuous Tense. (‫ ت ے رہ ی ہ یں وغ یرہ‬،‫ ت ےرہ ےہ یں‬،‫ ت ی رہ ی ہ و‬،‫ ت ےرہ ےہ و‬،‫ ت ارہ اہ وں‬،‫)ت ارہ ی ہ وں‬

The particular words since and for are used in this tense. The word since is used to express the
exact time of action and word for is used to denote the amount of time.

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + has/have + been + 4th form of verb + object + for/since + time-reference

 I/you/we/they (subject) + have (auxiliary verb) + been (auxiliary verb) + eating (4th form
of verb) + apple (object) + for/since + time-reference
 He/she/it (subject) + has (auxiliary verb) + been (auxiliary verb) + eating (4th form of
verb) + apple (object) + for/since + time-reference

For example:

 I have been eating apple since morning (mai subah se saib kha raha hun)
 He has been eating apple for two hours (wo do ghanton se saib kha raha hai)

(Negative form)
 Has/Have + Subject + Not + Been + 4th Form of Verb + Object + For/Since + Time-
Reference

 I/you/we/they (subject) + have + not + been + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object) +
for/since + time-reference
 He/she/it (subject) + has + not + been + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object) +
for/since + time-reference

For example:

14
  I have not been eating apple since morning (mai subah se saib nahi kha raha hun)
 He has not been eating apple for two hours (wo do ghanton se saib nahi kha raha hai)

(Interrogative form)
 Has/have + Subject + Been + 4th Form of verb + Object + For/Since + Time-Reference

 Have + I/you/we/they (subject) + been + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object) +
for/since (time-reference)
 Has + He/she/it (subject) + been + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object) + for/since
(time-reference)

For example:

 Have I been eating apple since morning? (Kya mai subah se saib kha raha hun?)
 Have I not been eating apple since morning? (Kya mai subah se saib nahi kha raha hun?)
 Haven’t I been eating apple since morning? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in
dialogue/conversation)
 Has he been eating apple for two hours? (Kya wo do ghanton se saib kha raha hai?)
 Has he not been eating apple for two hours? (Kya wo do ghanton se saib nahi kha raha
hai?)
 Hasn’t he been eating apple for two hours? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in
dialogue/conversation)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show an action that started in the past and
continued for sometime in the past. There is no PASSIVE VOICE in Past Perfect Continuous
Tense. (،‫ ت ارہ ی ت ارہ ات ھا‬،‫ رہ ے ت ے ت ھی‬،‫) وغ یرہ ت ھے‬.

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + Had + Been + 4th Form of Verb + Object + For/Since + Time-Reference

15
  I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + had (auxiliary verb) + been (auxiliary verb) + eating
(4th form of verb) + apple (object) + for/since + time-reference

For example:

 I had been eating apple since morning (mai subah se saib kha raha tha)
 I had been eating apple for two hours (mai do ghanton se saib kha raha tha)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Had + Not + Been + 4th Form of Verb + Object + For/Since + Time-Reference

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + had + not + been + eating (4th form of verb) + apple
(object) + for/since + time-reference

For example:

 I had not been eating apple since morning (mai subah se saib nahi kha raha tha)
 I had not been eating apple for two hours (mai do ghanton se saib nahi kha raha tha)

(Interrogative form)
 Had + Subject + Been + 4th Form of Verb + Object + For/Since + Time-reference

 Had + I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + been + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)
+ for/since + time-reference

For example:

 Had I been eating apple since morning? (Kya mai subah se saib kha raha tha?)
 Had I not been eating apple for two hours? (Kya mai do ghanton se saib nahi kha raha
tha?)
 Hadn’t I been eating apple since morning? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in
dialogue/conversation)


16
Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show an action that will have been started in past
or future and is expected to continue or finish in future. In Future Perfect Continuous Tense there
is no PASSIVE VOICE. ( ‫ت ےرہ ےہ وں گے‬، ‫ی گں وہ یہر ےت‬، ‫ اگ وہ اہر ات‬، ‫ یگ وہ یہر ات‬، ‫) ہر یغو‬

Structure of the tense:

(Simple form)
 Subject + Will + Have + Been + 4th Form of Verb + Object + For/Since + Time-
Reference

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will (auxiliary verb) + have (auxiliary verb) + been

(auxiliary verb) + eating (4th form of verb) + apple (object)

For example:

 I will have been eating apple since morning (Mai subah se saib kha raha hunga)

(Negative form)
 Subject + Will + Not + Have + Been + 4th Form of Verb + Object + For/Since + Time-
Reference

 I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + will + not + have + been + eating (4th form of verb) +
apple (object)

For example:

 I will not have been eating apple (Mai subah se saib nahi kha rha hunga)

17
(Interrogative form)
 Will + Subject + Have + Been + 4th Form of Verb + Object + For/Since + Time-
Reference

 Will+ I/you/we/they/he/she/it (subject) + have + been + eating (4th form of verb) + apple
(object)

For example:

 Will I have been eating apple since morning? (Kya mai subah se saib kha rha hunga?)
 Will I not have been eating apple for two hours? (Kya mai do ghanton se saib nahi kha rha
hunga?)
 Won’t I have been eating apple since morning? (Informal but correct too, mostly used in
dialogue/conversation)

18
19