Introduction

to Navigation
Prelim Week 1
NAV-1 (Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 1)
 Function Competence

Navigation at the Plan and conduct a

Operational Level passage and determine
position
Learning Outcomes
1 Outline the requirements of the course

2 Describe the development of navigational techniques, practices

and equipment across time
3 Explain the importance of navigation in relation to the profession

4 Explain the different types of navigation with respect to the

phase of the voyage

5 Identify the different plotting instruments and their uses

Topics
Introduction to Types of Navigation & Chartroom Plotting
Navigation Phases of Navigation Instruments
Introduction to Navigation
Navigation is the process of directing the movement of the vessel from
one place to another via the shortest, safest, and most convenient route.

Terrestrial Navigation is a kind of navigation which makes use of

landmarks as means of determining the position of a vessel.
Examples of Landmarks

Lighthouses Headlands Buoys Beacons Islets

Development of Navigation
Methods of navigation have changed though history. Each new method
has enhanced the mariner's ability to complete his voyage safely.

Various navigational equipment have been developed that makes

navigating safer and more effecient.

With modern day facilities and automation, a ship today has several
advanced navigation equipment systems which give accurate data for
the voyage.
Development of Navigation
Navigational equipment are just aids to navigation and must not
replace situational awareness and good observance of seamanship.
POP
QUIZ

Why is Navigation important in

relation to your profession?
Importance of Navigation for Seafarers

Learning the art of navigation is fundamental for seafarers to

ensure that ships are well-manned and operates safely and
efficiently to protect the ships' crew, ship itself, and the
environment.
Types of Navigation
Dead Reckoning (DR) - determines position by advancing a known
position for courses and distances. A position so determined is called a
dead reckoning (DR) position. It is generally accepted that only course
and speed determine the DR position. Correcting the DR position for
leeway, current effects, and steering error result in an estimated
position (EP).
Types of Navigation
Piloting involves navigating in restricted waters with frequent
determination of position relative to geographic features. A pilot is
commonly responsible in directing the ship in this type of navigation.
Types of Navigation
Terrestrial Navigation is a kind of navigation which makes use of
landmarks as means of determining the position of a vessel.
Types of Navigation
Celestial Navigation involves reducing celestial measurements to lines
of position using tables, spherical trigonometry, and almanacs. It is
used primarily as a backup to satellite and oter electronic systems in
the open ocean.
Types of Navigation
Radio navigation uses radio waves to determine position by either
radio direction finding or hyperbolic systems.
Types of Navigation
Radar navigation uses radar to determine the distance from or bearing
of objects whose position is known. This process is separate from
radar's use as a collision avoidance system.
Types of Navigation
Satellite navigation use artificial earth satellites for determination of
position.
Phases of the Voyage
Inland Waterway Phase: Piloting in narrow canals, channels, rivers,
amd estuaris.
Phases of the Voyage
Harbor/Harbor Approach Phase: Navigating to a harbor entrance and
piloting in harbor approach channels.
Phases of the Voyage
Coastal Phase: Navigating within 50 miles of the coast or inshore of the
200 meter depth contour.
Phases of the Voyage
Ocean Phase: Navigating outside the coastal area in the open sea.
Relationship of Types of Navigation and Phases of the Voyage
Phases of the Voyage

Inland Waterway Harbor Coastal Ocean

Dead Reckoning X X X X

Piloting X X X

Types Navigation

Terrestrial X X X X

Celestial

X X

Radio
X X X

Radar X X X

Satellite X X X X
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Mariners today rely on automated tools such as GPS for navigation and
getting from one point to another. However, a prudent seafarer should
be knowledgeable in performing navigational tasks such as plotting
manually on a nautical chart.
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Parallel Ruler - primarily used to determine the heading on the
compass rose from a line of direction from a chart (or vice versa). The
"arms" connecting the upper and lower part of the ruler allow it to be
moved across the chart without changing its orientation; this is called
"walking" the ruler.
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Protractor Triangle - provides a straight edge for plotting. It can also
help find the heading when used in conjunction with a parallel ruler.
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Dividers - used to mark the distance between two points on the chart or
to mark points on the chart at which to place a ruler or parallel ruler.
Note that dividers have two points at the end. Replacing one point with
a pencil turns this into a compass which can be used to mark a circle or
an arc.
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Plotting Instruments and their uses
Lesson
Completed