NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

GES L.08

PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS

Rev Date Description Checked Approved

0 1999 Issued for Implementation DL

Compiled by Teknica (UK) Ltd

 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 2 of 37
Rev 0 1999

INDEX

SEC TITLE PAGE

1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION 4

1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Other NOC Specifications 4 1.3
1.4 Principles of Protective Relay Systems 4
1.5 Co-ordination Study and Device Data 5

2.0 DEFINITIONS 5

2.1 Technical 5
2.2 Contractual 10

3.0 DESIGN 11

3.1 Environmental Conditions 11

3.2 Codes and Standards 11
3.3 Voltage and Frequency 12
3.4 Performance Characteristics 13
3.5 Introduction 13
3.6 System Design 13
3.7 Protective Devices 14

4.0 CONSTRUCTION 20

4.1 Materials 20
4.2 Construction 20
4.3 Field Experience 20
4.4 Protective Device Legend and Relay Application 21

5.0 NEMA/IEC Differences 23

5.1 General 23
5.2 Salient Differences 24

6.0 INSPECTION 25

6.1 Procedures 25
6.2 Scope 25
6.3 Nameplates 26

7.0 TESTING 26

7.1 Statutory Tests 26

7.2 Routine Tests 26
7.3 Test Procedures 26
7.4 Site Acceptance Test Requirements 26
7.5 Test Certificates 27
7.6 Test Equipment 27

SEC TITLE PAGE

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8.0 DOCUMENTATION 27

8.1 Introduction 27
8.2 Schedules and Reports 28
8.3 Data and Calculations 28
8.4 Drawings 28
8.5 Final Records, Documents and Manuals 29

9.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT 30

9.1 Painting and Coatings 30

9.2 Spare Parts 30
9.3 Packing and Storage 30
9.4 Shipping 30
9.5 Warranty 31

10.0 FIGURES SUB-INDEX 31

Figures 32
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1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 This specification defines the minimum requirements primarily for the design, construction, fabrication,
inspection and testing and technical requirements for protection relay systems.

1.1.2 This specification applies to equipment for refineries, onshore oil and gas installations and processing
facilities, including equipment purchased either directly or as part of a package.

1.1.3 This specification is generally based on ANSI/NEMA standards. The Vendor/Contractor shall comply fully
with the provisions laid down in this specification. Any exception must be authorised in writing by the
Owner as failure to do so shall indicate full compliance; any remedial work then necessary, shall be at the
Vendor/Contractor's expense.

1.1.4 In the event of any conflict between this specification and the Data Sheets, or with any of the applicable
codes and standards, the Vendor/Contractor shall inform the Owner in writing and receive written
clarification before proceeding with the work.

1.1.5 This General Engineering Specification will form part of the Purchase Order/Contract together with any
Data Sheets, drawings and other attachments.

1.2 Other NOC Specification

The following NOC General Engineering Specifications shall also apply are on integral part of this
specification and any exceptions shall be approved in advance by the Owner.

GES A.06 Site Data

GES B.12 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

GES L.34 Electrical Equipment in Contaminated Environments

GES X.06 Factory Coatings for Electrical Equipment and Instruments

1.3 Data Sheets

Data Sheets for each relay shall be produced by the Vendor/Contractor who shall complete each sheet with
all the relevant information.

1.4 Principles of Protective Relay Systems

1.4.1 Fault protection relaying can be classified into two groups; primary relaying, which should function first in
removing faulted equipment from the system, and back up relaying, which functions only when primary
relaying fails.

The principles of primary relaying relates to where separate areas of protection are established around each
system element so that each can be isolated by a separate interrupting device. Any equipment failure
occurring within a given area will cause tripping of all circuit breakers supplying power to that area.

1.4.2 To ensure that all faults within a given zone will operate the relays of that zone, the current transformers
associated with that zone shall be placed on the line side of each circuit breaker so that the circuit breaker
itself is a part of two adjacent zones. This is known as overlapping. Sometimes it is necessary to locate
both sets of current transformers on the same side of the circuit breaker. In radial circuits the consequences
of this lack of overlap are not usually very serious as a fault on the load side of a circuit breaker could be
cleared by the opening of the circuit breaker if there were any way to cause it to open the circuit breaker.
Since the fault is between the circuit breaker and the current transformers, the relays of circuit breakers will
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not see it, and the other circuit breakers will have to open and consequently interrupt the other load on the
bus. When the current transformers are located immediately at the load bushings of the circuit breaker, the
amount of circuit exposed to this problem is minimised. The consequences of lack of overlap become more
serious in the case of the circuit breakers between differentially protected buses and bus feeders protected
by differential or pilot-wire relaying.

In applying protective relays to industrial systems, safety, simplicity, reliability, maintenance, and the
degree of selectivity required should be considered.

1.5 Co-ordination Study and Device Data

1.5.1 System protective device data shall be furnished with all proposals. The successful Vendor/Contractor
shall furnish the same data corrected to apply to the actual protective device furnished.

1.5.2 A co-ordination study shall be prepared and shall demonstrate the selectivity of circuit protective devices
throughout each system. The study shall consider all protective devices in the system, including those
protecting individual loads and sub-feeders downstream of the distribution panel in the power supply
distribution section.

Where system components have a current-limiting effect, the study shall include the bases other than time-
current curves used to establish selectivity. The study shall identify any fault locations and ranges of fault
current, for which fault clearing time exceeds the tolerable outage time of any affected instrumentation (as
established by the load classification). The co-ordination study shall be furnished on two occasions:

(a) before final protective device characteristics are specified. This issue of the co-ordination study is
preliminary using equipment pre-manufactured calculator parameter and need only be complete
and accurate enough to verify that proper ranges and types of protective devices have been
selected,

(b) when the co-ordination study is presented for final approval utilising equipment FAT parameters.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

2.1 Technical

The technical terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

IP

Ingress Protection.

BIL

Basic Impulse Insulation Level.

CT

Current Transformer.

MTBF

Mean Time Between Failure. Normally quoted in years. From statistical calculations, the value of the
MTBF predicts the dimensions of an exponential curve of failures against time.

MTTR
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Mean Time to Repair. This is the estimated time in hours for a fault to be cleared when an alarm has been
accepted.

NEMA

National Electrical Manufacturer's Association.

Nominal System Voltage

The rms "phase to phase" or "phase to neutral" voltage by which the system is designated and at (or near)
which level, the system normally operates.

Utilisation Voltage

The rms "phase to phase" or "phase to neutral" voltage at the line terminals of utilisation equipment.

Type Test

Test carried for a particular make; design or build of equipment.

Master Element (1)

Is the initiating device such as a control switch etc., which serves either directly or through such permissive
devices as protective and time delays to place an equipment in or out of operation.

Note: This is normally used for a hand-operated device, although it may also be used for an electrical or
mechanical device for which no other function is suitable.

Time Delay Starting or Closing Relay (2)

Is a device that functions to give a desired amount of time delay before or after any point of operation in a
switching sequence or protective relay system.

Distance Relay (21)

Is a relay that functions when the circuit admittance, impedance or reactance increases or decreases beyond
a predetermined value.

Undervoltage Relay (27)

Is a relay which operates when its input voltage is less than a predetermined value.

Annunciator Relay (30)

Is a non-automatically reset device that gives a number of separate visual indications upon the functioning
of protective devices, and which may also be arranged to perform a lockout function.

Directional Power Relay (32)

Is a relay which operates on a predetermined value of power flow in a given direction, or upon reverse
power such as that resulting from the motoring of a generator upon loss of its prime power.

Discrimination

Ability of protective relays to select and isolate, only the faulty part of the system.
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Position Switch (33)

Is a switch that makes or breaks contact when the main device or piece of apparatus, which has no device
function number, reaches a given position.

Polarity or Polarising Voltage Device (36)

Is a device that operates or permits the operation of another device on a predetermined polarity only, or
verifies the presence of polarising voltage in an equipment.

Undercurrent or Underpower Relay (37)

Is a relay that functions when the current or power flow decreases below a predetermined value.

Field Relay (40)

Is a relay that functions on a given or abnormally low value or failure of machine field current, or on an
excessive value of the reactive component of armature current in an AC machine indicating abnormally low
field excitation.

Unit Sequence Starting Relay (44)

Is a relay that functions to start the next available unit in a multiple unit equipment upon failure or non-
availability of the normally preceding unit.

Reverse Phase or Phase Balance Current Relay (46)

Is a relay that functions when the polyphase currents are of reverse phase sequence, or when the polyphase
currents are unbalanced or contain negative phase sequence components above a given amount.

Phase Sequence Voltage Relay (47)

Is a relay that functions upon a predetermined value of polyphase voltage in the desired phase sequence.

Incomplete Sequence Relay (48)

Is a relay that generally returns the equipment to the normal or off position and locks it out of the normal
starting, operating or stopping sequence is not properly completed within a predetermined time.

Machine or Transformer Thermal Relay (49)

Is a relay that functions when the temperature of a machine armature or other load carrying winding or
element of a machine, or the temperature of a power rectifier or power transformer (including a power
rectifier transformer) exceeds a predetermined value.

Instantaneous Overcurrent or Rate-of-Rise Relay (50)

Is a relay that functions instantaneously on an excessive value of current or on an excessive rate of current
rise.

AC Time Overcurrent Relay (51)

Is a relay that operates when its AC input current exceeds a predetermined value, and in which the input
current and operating time are inversely related through a substantial portion of the performance range.

Exciter or DC Generator Relay (53)

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Is a relay that forces the DC machine field excitation to build-up during switching, or which functions
when the machine voltage has build-up to a given value.

Power Factor Relay (55)

Is a relay that operates when the power factor in an AC circuit rises above or falls below a predetermined
value.

Field Application Relay (56)

Is a relay that automatically controls the application of the field excitation of an AC motor at some
predetermined point in the slip cycle.

Rectification Failure Relay (58)

Is a device that functions of one or more anodes of a power rectifier fail to fire or to detect an arc back, or
on failure of a diode, to conduct or block properly.

Overvoltage Relay (59)

Is a relay which operates when its input voltage is more than a predetermined value.

Voltage or Current Balance Relay (60)

Is a relay that operates on a given difference in voltage, or current input or output of two circuits.

Time Delay Stopping or Opening Relay (62)

Is a time delay relay that serves in opening relay in conjunction with the device that initiates the shutdown,
stopping or opening operation in an automatic sequence or protective relay system.

Ground Detector Relay (64)

Is a relay that operates on failure of machine or other apparatus insulation to ground.

Note: This function is not applied to a device connected in the secondary circuit of current transformers
in a normally grounded power system where other devices with a suffix G or N should be used,
that is 51N for an AC time overcurrent relay connected in the secondary of the neutral current
transformers.

AC Directional Overcurrent Relay (67)

Is a relay that functions on a desired value of AC overcurrent flowing in a predetermined direction.

Blocking Relay (68)

Is a relay that initiates a pilot signal for blocking of tripping on external faults in a transmission line or in
other apparatus under predetermined conditions, or cooperates with other devices to block tripping or to
block reclosing on an out-of-step condition or on power swings.

DC Overcurrent (76)

Is a relay that functions when the current in a DC circuit exceeds a given value.
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Phase Angle Measuring or Out-of-Step Protective Relay (78)

Is a relay that functions at a predetermined phase angle between two voltages, or between two currents or
between voltage and current.

AC Reclosing Relay (79)

Is a relay that controls the automatic reclosing of a AC circuit interrupter, generally in response to load
circuit conditions.

Frequency Relay (81)

Is a relay that responds to the frequency of an electrical quantity, operating when the frequency or rate of
change of frequency exceeds or is less than a predetermined value.

DC Reclosing Relay (82)

Is a relay that controls the automatic closing and reclosing of a DC circuit interrupter, generally in response
to load circuit conditions.

Automatic Selective Control or Transfer Relay (83)

Is a relay that operates to select automatically between certain sources of conditions in an equipment, or
performs a transfer operation automatically.

Carrier or Pilot-Wire Receiver Relay (85)

Is a relay that is operated or restrained by a signal use in connection with carrier current of DC pilot-wire
fault relaying.

Lockout Relay (86)

Is a hand or electrically reset auxiliary relay that is operated upon the occurrence of abnormal conditions to
maintain associated equipment or devices inoperative until it is reset.

Differential Protective Relay (87)

Is a protective relay that functions on a percentage of phase angle or other quantitative difference of two
currents or of some other electrical quantities.

Stability

Ability of electrical systems to remain inert to all load conditions and faults external to the relevant zone. It
is applicable only to unit protection systems as the term discrimination applies to non-unit systems.

Unit Protection

A section of the Power System protected individually without reference to other sections.

Voltage Directional Relay (91)

Is a relay that operates when the voltage across an open circuit breaker or contractor exceeds a given value
in a given direction.

Voltage and Power Directional Relay (92)

Is a relay that permits or causes the connection of two circuits when the voltage difference between them
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exceeds a given value in a predetermined direction and causes these two circuits to be disconnected from
each other when the power flowing between them exceeds a given value in the opposite direction.

Tripping or Trip-Free Relay (94)

Is a relay that functions to trip a circuit breaker, contractor or equipment, or a permit immediate tripping by
other devices, or to prevent immediate reclosure of a circuit interrupter if it should open automatically even
though its closing circuit is maintained closed.

Knee Point Emf

That point on a CT excitation curve at which a further increase of 10% of secondary emf would require an
increment of exciting current of 50%.

2.2 Contractual

The commercial terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

2.2.1 Owner

The oil and gas company, an associate or subsidiary, who is the end user of the equipment and facilities.

2.2.2 Vendor

The company supplying the equipment and material.

2.2.3 Contractor

The main contractor for a defined piece of work.

2.2.4 Sub-Contractor

A company awarded a contract by a Contractor to do part of the work awarded to the Contractor.

2.2.5 Inspection Authority

The organisation representing the Owner or Vendor/Contractor that verifies that the equipment and
facilities have been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of this
specification and the Purchase Order/Contract.

2.2.6 Inspector

A qualified individual representing the Owner, Vendor/Contractor or the assigned Inspection Authority,
who verifies that the equipment and facilities have been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in
accordance with the requirements of this specification and the Purchase Order/Contract.

3.0 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

3.1 Environmental Conditions

3.1.1 External Environment

These conditions are fully detailed in GES A.06 and cover the principal conditions affecting the electrical
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equipment including maximum and minimum ambient temperature, dust, humidity and altitude etc.

3.1.1 Internal Environment

Equipment may be housed in an enclosed, air-conditioned equipment room; full details are given in GES
B.12

Temporary excursions from these limits e.g. during short term power failure, shall be ignored for the
purposes of equipment rating.

3.1.2 Relays will generally to be installed indoors and shall be designed for operation in a heated and ventilated
substation building, provided by others, where the interior maximum ambient temperature will not normally
exceed 104°F (40°C) and the minimum ambient temperature will not normally fall below 41o (5oC) unless
otherwise specified.

3.2 Codes and Standards

3.2.1 General

In general, the requirements specified herein are based on the ANSI/NEMA and other American Codes and
Standards, the most important of which are listed below. Unless otherwise stated, equipment and materials
shall comply with these Codes and Standards.

Equipment and materials complying with IEC Recommendations shall be at least equal to the requirements
of this specification. The Vendor/Contractor shall advise full details of any deviations to these
requirements in his offer if IEC equipment is utilised.

The Vendor/Contractor shall operate and supply certification for a Quality System complying with the
requirements of the ASQ Q9000 Series or BS EN ISO 9000, Part 1 (Design) Part 2 (Production) and Part 3
(Test and Inspection).

3.2.2 US Codes and Standards

ANSI/IEEE 141 Electric Power Distribution For Industrial Plants

ANSI/IEEE C37.90 Relay Systems Associated with Electric Power Apparatus

ANSI/IEEE C37.91 Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power Transformers

ANSI/IEEE C37.95 Guide for Protective Relaying of Utilities Consumer Interconnections

ANSI/IEEE C37.97 Guide for Protective Relay applications to Power System Buses

ANSI/IEEE C37.101 Guide for Generator Ground Protection

ANSI/IEEE C37.102 Guide for AC Generator Protection

ANSI/IEEE C37.106 Guide for Abnormal Frequency Protection for Power Generating Plants

ANSI/IEEE C37.108 Guide for the Protection of Network Transfers

ANSI/IEEE C37.109 Guide for the Protection of Shunt Reactors

ASQ Q9000 Quality Management and Quality Assurance

NEMA ICS 3 Industrial Control Systems and Factory Built Assemblies

NFPA-70 National Electrical Code

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3.2.3 IEC and Other Recommendations

When appropriate, equivalent International Standards which may be used as alternatives are listed below
and may be used with the prior approval of the Owner. Equipment and materials complying with IEC
Recommendations shall be at least equal to the requirements of this specification. The Vendor/Contractor
shall advise full details of any deviations to these requirements in his offer if IEC based standards are
utilised.

ISO 9001 Quality System - Design

ISO 9002 Quality System - Production

ISO 9003 Quality System - Test and Inspection

G.5/3 Electricity Council "Limits for Harmonics in the United Kingdom Electricity Supply
System

BS EN 60255 Electrical Relays

3.3 Voltage and Frequency

3.3.1 Rating

Equipment rated voltage and frequency shall be as stated on Data Sheets or attachments to the material
requisition.

3.3.2 Variations

All equipment shall operated successfully at rated load and rated frequency with a voltage variation of 10%
above or below rated voltage and with a supply characteristic of not less than 5% total harmonic distortion
(THD).

All equipment shall operate successfully at a rated load at rated voltage with a frequency variation of 5%
above or below rated frequency.

All equipment shall operate successfully at a rated load with a combined variation in the voltage and
frequency of 10% above or below rated voltage and 5% above or below rated frequency.

3.3.3 Harmonic Distortion

The Vendor/Contractor shall advise the maximum harmonic content that the equipment can accept in the
supply system without derating this shall not be less than 5% THD.

3.4 Performance Characteristics

3.4.1 Continuous Operation

All relays shall be designed for continuous operation at the nameplate rating for 26,000 hours (3 years)
without being stopped for maintenance purposes other than routine bi-annual injection checks.

3.5 Introduction

3.5.1 Purpose

The system and equipment protective devices shall guard the power system from the ever present threat of
damage caused by overcurrents and transient overvoltages that can result in equipment loss and system
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failure, thereby interrupting the continuity of electrical supply. The many protective devices and their
applications, special problems and system conditions associated with transient overvoltages, require sound
engineering techniques of protective device application and co-ordination, and suggested maintenance and
testing procedures for circuit interrupting and protective devices.

3.6 System Design

3.6.1 Equipment Capabilities

Protective devices shall operate in conjunction with the associated circuit interrupters and protect other
power system equipment components.

Grounded systems, phase-to-ground faults produce currents of sufficient magnitude to operate ground fault
responsive overcurrent relays, which automatically detect the fault, determine which feeder has failed, and
initiate the tripping of the correct circuit breakers to de-energise the faulted portion of the system without
interrupting service to healthy circuits.

If the system neutral is grounded through a chosen impedance, the ground fault current can be restricted to
a level that will avoid extensive damage, yet be adequate to operate ground fault relaying. The voltage dip
caused by the flow of ground fault current will be materially reduced.

In ungrounded systems, a first phase-to-ground fault produces relatively insignificant values of fault
current. However a first fault often leads to another fault resulting in a phase to phase or phase to phase to
ground fault.

In a small, isolated-neutral industrial installation, the ground fault current for a single line-to-ground fault
may be well under 1A, while the largest plant, containing miles of cable with electrostatic capacitance to
ground, may produce not more than 20 A of ground fault current.

These currents are not usually of sufficient magnitude for the operation of phase overcurrent relaying to
locate and remove such faults. It is possible to provide phase-to-ground voltage relays that will operate an
alarm or trip on the occurrence of a ground fault, but cannot provide any indication of its exact location.

The one advantage of an ungrounded system lies in maintaining service on the entire system, including the
faulted section, until the fault can be located and the equipment shutdown for repair. However the voltage
insulation level of all cabling will increase by 1.73 times the normal insulation level.

When industrial power systems are in normal operation, all parts shall have some form of automatic
protection.

Most systems have some flexibility in the manner in which circuits are connected.

3.7 Protective Devices

The following is a description of the types and characteristics of relays and other protective devices that
shall be used in plant and power system protection.

3.7.1 Overcurrent Relays

Overcurrent relays for short-circuit protection shall be of the electromagnetic attraction, or solid-state types.

3.7.2 Voltage Restrained Overcurrent Relay

IDMT overcurrent relay with a characteristic modified continuously according to voltage at the alternator
terminal.

3.7.3 Directional Overcurrent Relay

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Directional overcurrent relay shall consist of a typical overcurrent unit and a directional unit that are
combined to operate jointly for a predetermined phase angle and magnitude of current. In the directional
unit, the current in one coil is compared in phase angle position with a voltage or current in another coil of
that unit. The overcurrent unit of the directional overcurrent relay is practically the same as for the
overcurrent relay and has similar definite minimum time, inverse and very inverse time current
characteristics. The directional overcurrent relays shall be supplied with voltage restraint on the
overcurrent element.

3.7.4 Directional Ground Relay

Directional ground relay shall be suitable for a system consisting of parallel circuits or loops that use
directional ground relays, which are generally constructed in the same manner as the directional
overcurrent relays used in the phase leads. In order to properly sense the direction of fault current flow,
they require a polarising source that may be either potential or current as the situation requires.

3.7.5 Directional Power Relay

Directional power relay shall be a single-phase or 3-phase contact making wattmeter which operates at a
predetermined value of power. It can be used as a directional overpower relay set to operate if excess
energy flows out of an industrial plant power system into other power systems. Under certain conditions it
can be used as an underpower relay to separate two systems if power flow drops below a predetermined
value.

3.7.6 Differential Relays

Differential relays shall have adjustable settings to operate at a given value of electrical quantity, such as
current, voltage, frequency, power or a combination of current and voltage, or current and phase angle.
This is the preferred type. The differential relays must not operate for the maximum error current which
can flow for a fault condition external to the protected zone. To provide this feature, the percentage type
differential relay "Device 87" is preferred. It has special restraint windings to prevent improper operation
due to the error currents on heavy through fault conditions while providing very sensitive detection of low
magnitude faults inside the differentially protected zone.

3.7.7 Differential Protection of Motors and Generators

Differential protection of motors and small generators shall be by overcurrent relays with self balancing
CT's which remain quiescent providing that the current flowing into each winding of the motor is equal to
the current flowing out of the same winding. Any leakage of fault current to other phases or to ground will
upset this balance and send differential current through the relay operating winding. When this current is
greater than the pick-up of the relay, its contacts activate tripping of the circuit breaker.

No means is provided with this scheme to prevent false operation on current transformer error current.
This results in a substantial sacrifice of sensitivity for low magnitude internal faults. The percentage
differential relay overcomes this disadvantage. The restraint coils shall be selected to provide a restraining
torque of 10-25% of the through current on external faults, but produce zero restraint on internal faults.

3.7.8 Differential Protection of a Two-Winding Transformer Bank

Differential protection of a two-winding transformer bank shall be by differential relays for transformer
protection, the inherent characteristics of power transformers introduce a number of problems that do not
exist in the generators and motors. The differential output signals of the current transformers are subject to
the same errors as above for generators. In addition, a significant trip current signal can be at the relay
input due to primary magnetising inrush current, which occurs upon transformer energisation. Ordinary
overcurrent relays cannot be given sensitive settings, and induction type percentage differential relays are
used. The best protection shall be by using the harmonic restraint type relay. This relay has a filter to the
operating coil that blocks the harmonic currents, and a filter to the restraint coil that passes only harmonic
currents.
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3.7.9 Differential Protection of Buses

Usually each of the medium voltage bus sections or the whole bus (if not sectionalised) may be provided
with differential relay protection.

Differential bus protection shall distinguish between internal and external fault by comparing the
magnitudes of the currents flowing in and out of the protected bus. The major differences between bus
protection and generator or transformer protection are the number of circuits in the protected zone and the
magnitude of currents involved in the various circuits. Several more acceptable types of bus protective
relays are used, including the percentage differential relay, the linear coupler and the high impedance
differential relay.

(a) Percentage Differential Relay

Where the number of circuits connected to the bus is small, relays using the percentage differential
principle similar to the transformer differential relay shall be used. The problem of percentage
differential relays for bus protection increases with the number of circuits connected to the bus.
All current transformers supplying the relays must have identical ratios and characteristics.
Variations in the characteristics of the current transformers, particularly the saturation phenomena
under short-circuit conditions, present the greatest problem to this type of protection.

Various relays are used to avoid operation from the inrush of magnetising current when switching
transformers. The harmonic restraint type has features that distinguish between magnetising
inrush current and internal fault current.

(b) Linear Coupler

The linear coupler bus protection eliminates the difficulty, due to differences in the characteristics
of iron core current transformers by using air-core mutual inductances. It does not contain any
iron in its magnetic circuit, the linear coupler is free of any DC or AC saturation. The linear
couplers of the different circuits are connected in series and produce voltages that are directly
proportional to the currents in the circuits. For normal conditions, or for external faults, the sum
of the voltages produced by linear couplers is zero. During internal (bus) faults, however, this
voltage is no longer zero and operates a sensitive relay to trip all circuit breakers to clear the bus
fault.

(c) High Impedance Differential Relay

With the use of high impedance differential relays for outdoor bus protection, generally, the relay
uses the bushing type or other low leakage flux type current transformers and employs a high
impedance in the operating coil to force the unequally saturated CT currents through the current
transformers rather than the operating coil.

Linear couplers or current transformers used for differential voltage relays cannot be used for
other purposes. Separate current transformers are required for line relaying and metering.

3.7.10 Current Balance Relay

Current balance relay shall be of the differential relay type for rotating machinery protection, which
requires current transformers to be available at both ends of the phase windings to permit the comparison
between the current magnitudes at these ends. A negative sequence current relay is a more sensitive device
that also detects unbalanced phase currents. In applying relays, it is assumed that under normal conditions,
the phase currents in the 3-phase supply to the equipment and the corresponding output signals from each
phase current transformer are balanced. Should the fault occur in the motor or generator involving one or
two phases, or should an open circuit develop in any of the phases, the currents will become unbalanced
and the relay will operate.

In addition to protecting against winding faults, the phase balance current relay affords protection against
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 16 of 37
Rev 0 1999
damage to the motor or generator due to single-phase operation.

3.7.11 Residually Connected Protection

When the industrial power system neutral is intentionally grounded and ground fault current can flow in the
conductors, ground relaying shall be used to provide improved protection.

An overcurrent relay connected in the common lead of the wye connected secondaries of three line current
transformers. When used on 4-wire systems, an additional current transformer in the neutral conductor is
required to balance the residual signal of the normal line-to-neutral load currents. The ground relay can be
set to pick-up at a much lower current value than the phase relays.

Relays with inverse, very inverse and extremely inverse time characteristics, as well as instantaneous
relays, are all applicable for ground fault relays.

3.7.12 Zero Sequence Relay

Zero sequence relay shall be an improved type of ground fault protection by a zero sequence relay in which
a single window type current transformer is mounted so as to encircle all 3-phase conductors. On 4-wire
systems with possible unbalanced line-to-neutral loads, the neutral conductor shall also pass through the
current transformer window. Only circuit faults involving ground will produce a current in the current
transformer secondary to operate the relay.

This is widely applied on 5 kV and 15 kV systems and is also used on large low voltage systems for
improved protection.

3.7.13 Neutral Relaying

Neutral relaying shall be a time overcurrent relay type ("Device 51G") connected to a current transformer
located in the grounded neutral of a transformer or generator, it provides a convenient method of detecting
ground faults. Only ground fault currents will flow in this relay and it can be set to operate on very low
values of current. This is applied on 5 kV and 15 kV systems where low resistance grounding is used and
the fault current may be as low as 100 A.

This is also used on solidly grounded 480 V 3-phase 3-wire and 4-wire systems. In 4-wire systems, the
current transformer shall be connected in the main bonding jumper located between the ground bus and the
neutral bus to ensure that unbalanced load currents do not flow in the relay.

Another form of neutral relaying can be used when the neutral resistor is sized to limit the ground fault
current to a few amperes, i.e. 1-10A. This method, known as high-resistance grounding, limits the damage
at the fault site such that the fault is not automatically cleared, but is detected and an alarm initiated. A
voltage operated voltage relay ("Device 59G") shall be used, which is connected across the resistor and
senses the voltage that will appear across it during ground faults.

3.7.14 Synchronism Check and Synchronising Relays

This relay shall be used to verify when two AC circuits are within the desired limits of frequency and
voltage phase angle to permit them to operate in parallel. These relays shall be employed in switching
applications on systems known to be normally paralleled at some other location so that they are checking
that the two sources have not become electrically separated or displaced by an unacceptable phase angle.
The synchronising relay monitors two separate systems that are to be paralleled, automatically initiating
switching as a function of the phase angle displacement, frequency difference (beat frequency) and voltage
deviation, as well as the operating time of the switching equipment, to accomplish interconnection when
conditions are acceptable.

This application is a plant generating its own proper power with a parallel-operated tie with other systems.
The end of the tie line must have synchronising relays that will check conditions on both systems prior to
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 17 of 37
Rev 0 1999
paralleling and initiate the interconnection to avoid any possibility of tying with the industrial plant
generators out-of-phase.

3.7.15 Pilot-wire Relays

The relaying of tie lines shall be either between the industrial system or between major load centres within
the industrial system. Differential relaying called pilot-wire relaying shall be used, it responds very quickly
to faults in the protected line. Faults are promptly cleared, which minimises line damage and disturbance to
the system, yet the relay is normally unresponsive to load currents and to currents flowing to faults in other
lines and equipment. The information necessary for comparison is transmitted between terminals over a
pilot-wire circuit. Like all differential schemes, it is completely and inherently balanced within itself and
completely selective, the pilot-wire relay scheme does not provide protection for faults of the adjacent
station bus or beyond it.

The pilot wire protection is a zone defined line protection scheme and provides a zone protection between
the relay CTs at both terminals. The series resistance and shunt capacitance of the pilot wires between two
terminals determine line length to be protected.

3.7.16 Voltage Relays

Voltage relays shall be of the type that function at predetermined values of voltage, which may be
overvoltage, undervoltage, a combination of both, voltage unbalance (comparing two sources of voltage),
reverse phase voltage and excess negative sequence voltage (i.e. single phasing of a 3-phase system).
Plunger type, induction type or solid-state type relays shall be used. Adjustments of pick-up or drop-out
voltage and operation timing are provided in these relays. Plunger type relays are instantaneous in
operation. The time delay feature is required in order that transient voltage disturbances will not cause
nuisance relay operation. Typical voltage relay applications are as follows:

(a) Over or Undervoltage Relays

- capacitor switching control,

- AC and DC overvoltage protection for generators,
- automatic transfer of power supplies,
- load shedding on undervoltage,
- undervoltage protection for motors.

(b) Voltage Balance Relays

Blocking the operation of a voltage controlled current relay when a potential transformer fuse
blows.

(c) Reverse Phase Voltage Relays

- detection of reverse phase connections of interconnecting circuits, transformers, motors

or generators,
- prevention of any attempt to start a motor with one phase of the system open.

(d) Negative Sequence Voltage Relays

Detection of single phasing, damaging phase voltage unbalance and reversal of phase rotation of
supply for protection of rotating equipment.

3.7.17 Distance Relays

Distance relays shall be the type of relays that measure voltage and current; the ratio is expressed in terms
of impedance. The impedance can also represent the equivalent impedance of a generator or large
synchronous motor when a distance relay is used for loss-of-field protection.
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
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The measuring element is instantaneous in action, with time delay provided by a timer element so that the
delay, after operation of a given measuring element is constant. In transmission line application, three
measuring elements are provided. The first operates only for faults within the primary protection zone of
the line and trips the circuit breaker without intentional time delay. The second element operates on faults
not only in the primary protection zone, but also in one adjacent or back-up protection zone and initiates
tripping after a short time delay. The third element is set to include a still more remote zone and to trip
after a longer time delay.

These relays have their greatest usefulness in applications where selective stepped operation of circuit
breakers in series is essential.

The three main types of distance relay and their applications are as follows:

(a) Impedance Type

Phase fault relaying for moderate length lines.

(b) Mho-Type

Phase fault relaying for long lines or where severe synchronising power surges may occur.
Generator or large synchronous motor loss-of-field relaying.

(c) Reactance Type

Ground fault relaying and phase fault relaying on very short lines, and lines of such physical
design that high values of fault arc resistance are expected to occur and affect relay reach, and on
systems where severe synchronising power surges are not a factor.

3.7.18 Phase Sequence or Reverse Phase Relays

Phase sequence or reverse phase relays shall be of the type that detects reversal of the phase rotation of a
motor which may result in costly damage to machines. Important motors shall be equipped with phase
sequence or reverse phase relay protection. If this relay is connected to a suitable potential source, it will
close its contacts whenever the phase rotation is in the opposite direction. It also can be made sensitive to
unbalanced voltage or undervoltage conditions.

3.7.19 Frequency Relays

Frequency relays shall be of the type that senses under or over frequency conditions during system
disturbances. Most frequency relays have provision for adjustment of operating frequency and voltage.
The speed of operation depends on the deviation of the actual frequency from the relay setting.

The application of this type of relay is to selectively drop system load based on the frequency decrement in
order to restore normal system stability, but it can also be used for Out-of-Step protection of Synchronous
Motors.

3.7.20 Temperature Sensitive Relays

Temperature sensitive relays shall be of the type that operate in conjunction with temperature detecting
devices, such as resistance temperature detectors or thermocouples located in the equipment to be
protected, and shall be used for protection against overheating of large motors above 1500 hp (1120 kW),
generator stator windings and large transformer windings.

The bridge circuit is balanced at normal temperature, and an increase in winding temperature will increase
the resistance of the detector, unbalance the bridge circuit, and cause relay operation. Some relays are
provided with a 50°F (10°C) differential feature that will prevent re-energising of the equipment until the
winding temperature has dropped 50°F (10°C).
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
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Rev 0 1999

3.7.21 Pressure Sensitive Relays

Pressure sensitive relays shall be of the type used in power systems that respond either to the rate of rise of
gas pressure (sudden pressure relay) or to a slow accumulation of gas (gas detector relay), or a combination
of both.

3.7.22 Replica Type Temperature Relays

Replica type temperature relays shall be of the type that respond to heat generated by current flow in excess
of a certain predetermined value. The input to the relay is normally the output of the current transformer
whose ratio should be selected to match the available relay ratings. This relay should be checked for
variations in operating characteristics as a function of ambient temperature. They are used almost
exclusively for overload protection of motors up to 1500 hp (1120 kW).

3.7.23 Auxiliary Relays

Auxiliary relays shall be of the type that are used in protection schemes whenever a protective device
cannot in itself provide all the functions necessary for satisfactory fault isolation. This type of relay is
available with a wide range of coil ratings, contact arrangements and tripping functions, each suited for a
particular application.

3.7.24 Direct Acting Trip Devices For Low Voltage Power Circuit Breakers

Direct acting trip devices for low voltage power circuit breakers shall be as follows. Electromechanical
series trip is of the moving armature type, using a heavy copper coil carrying the full load current to
provide the magnetising force. This type of relay has been replaced with Solid-State Trip Devices. In
contrast to electromechanical devices, solid-state trip devices operate from a low current signal generated
by current sensors or current transformers in each phase. Output from the sensors is fed into the solid-state
trip unit, which evaluates the magnitude of the incoming signal with respect to its calibration set-points and
acts to trip the circuit breaker if preset values are exceeded. In addition to phase protection, the solid-state
trip device is available with integral ground fault trip protection.

Solid-state trip devices are more accessible on the circuit breaker than are electromechanical trip devices
and are much easier to calibrate since low values of currents can be fed through the device to simulate the
effect of an actual fault current signal.

Provisions are sometimes necessary to guarantee predictable operation when applying solid-state trip
devices to loads having other than the pure sinusoidal current wave shapes. Excellent reliability, therefore,
is generally possible. The most important advantage of solid-state trip devices is the shape of the trip
characteristic curve, which is essentially a straight line throughout its working portion.

4.0 CONSTRUCTION

4.1 Materials

4.1.1 The characteristics of materials shall be suitable for the place of installation and operating conditions. All
the individual components shall be suitable for the environmental conditions stated in the Data Sheets; it
will be necessary to consider all environmental factors which may effect the life of materials and safety
conditions such as:

- minimum and maximum temperatures,

- effects of temperature and humidity,
- elevation continuous duty,
- corrosive substances and pollutions,
- solid matters, sand, dust,
- solar radiation and wind,
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
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- danger of explosion or fire.

4.1.2 The use of standardised materials available on the market shall be maximised.

4.1.3 The equipment and material forming part of the same supply shall be of the same type for similar functions,
for example, relays, instruments, auxiliaries, etc.

4.2 Construction

4.2.1 Protection relays and fuses shall be preferably of the manufacturer's standard type and all hardware
(screws, bolts, washers, nuts, etc.) for fastening components shall be stainless steel or bronze, unless
otherwise dictated by the ambient requirements.

The use of other types of construction material requires the approval of the Owner.

4.3 Field Experience

Designs and materials used in the relays shall have a minimum of 2 years of verifiable, proven field
experience. Vendor/Contractor shall supply a User List indicating User company name, installation, date
of installation and characteristics similar to equipment noted.

4.4 Protective Device Legend and Relay Application

Location Device Description

34.5 kV & 69 kV supply lines 51/50 Phase and ground overcurrent protection for 69 kV/34.5 kV
51N/50N bus, and back-up for transformer differential relaying.

15 MVA main transformers
51N-1 Back-up ground fault protection for transformer secondary
51N-2 13.8 kV bus and feeder circuits.
63 Sudden pressure relay. Trips circuit breakers.
67 Directional phase overcurrent as back-up to transformer
differential.
87TN Restricted ground fault protection for transformers with wye
connected windings and grounded neutral.
87T Transformer differential protection. Trips circuit breakers.
Auxiliary trip and lockout relay.
86T

13.8 kV Switchgear
51 Phase overcurrent protection as back-up for 13.8 kV bus and
feeder faults.
87B1/87B2 Bus differential. 87B1 trips circuit breakers.
86B1/86B2 Auxiliary trip and lockout relay.
81 Under-frequency protection. Initiates load shedding by
tripping preselected feeder circuits.
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
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Rev 0 1999
Location Device Description

13.8 kV Feeder 51/50 Time and instantaneous phase fault protection. Trips
individual feeder circuit breaker.
50GS Instantaneous ground fault protection. Trips individual feeder
circuit breaker.

13.8 kV motor control circuit
breakers for large Synchronous
Motors
40/48/56PO Loss of excitation, incomplete sequence checking and pull-out
protective relays. Trip circuit breakers.
46 Current balance relay for single-phase protection. Trips circuit
breakers.
27/47 Polyphase undervoltage and phase reversal protection. Trips
circuit breakers.
49 Overload protection using stator resistance temperature
detector. Trips circuit breakers.
50GS Instantaneous ground fault protection. Trips circuit breakers.
Phase overcurrent protection and locked rotor protection.
51/50 Trips circuit breakers.
Motor differential protection. Trips circuit breakers.
87M Auxiliary trip and lockout relay.
86M

13.8 kV tie line circuit breaker
51GS Sensitive ground fault protection as back-up to pilot-wire
relaying and back-up for bus and feeder ground faults.
Phase overcurrent protection as back-up to pilot-wire relaying,
51 and back-up for bus and feeder faults.
Line differential protection for phase and ground faults using
87L pilot-wire.
Pilot-wire monitoring relay to alarm for open, short-circuited
85 or grounded pilot-wire.

3.75 MVA transformer
51 Phase overcurrent protection for bus faults, and back-up
protection for feeder faults.
51N-1/ Ground fault protection for transformer secondary and bus, and
51N-2 back-up for feeder ground faults.
63 Sudden pressure relay on transformer. Trips circuit breakers.
Directional phase overcurrent protection for transformer faults
67 and line faults.
Restricted ground fault protection for transformers with wye
87TN connected windings and grounded neutral.
Current balance relay for single-phase protection.
46 Polyphase undervoltage and phase sequence protection. Trips
47 circuit breakers.
Replica-type thermal overload protection.
49 Instantaneous ground fault protection.
50GS Overcurrent relay for motor locked rotor protection.
51

1.5 MVA transformer 49/50 Replica-type thermal overload protection including

instantaneous element for short-circuit protection.
51 Phase overcurrent protection.
59N Sensitive voltage detection of ground faults for high resistance
grounded system.
27 Single-phase undervoltage protection.
60 Negative sequence voltage relay detects single phasing of
source.
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
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Rev 0 1999

Location Device Description

13.8 kV tie line, circuit breaker
67 Directional phase overcurrent protection as back-up to pilot-
wire, and back-up for bus and feeder faults.
87L Line differential protection for phase and ground faults using
pilot-wire.
85 Pilot-wire monitoring relay to initiate alarm for open, short-
circuited or grounded pilot-wire.
51G Sensitive ground fault protection as back-up to pilot-wire
relaying, and back-up for bus and feeder faults.

13.8 kV bus 87B Bus differential. Trips circuit breakers.

86B Auxiliary trip and lockout relay.

10 MVA generator 32 Reverse power or anti-motoring protection.

40 Loss of excitation protection. Alarm and subsequent trip of
circuit breaker.
46 Negative sequence overcurrent protection for generator due to
external unbalanced fault.
51V Back-up overcurrent protection for external 3-phase faults.
Ground fault protection for generator and back-up for
51NG differential relays and feeder ground relays.
Generator differential protection. Trips circuit breaker and
87G field circuit breaker.
Auxiliary trip and lockout relay.
86 G

2.5 MVA transformer and motor
at 13.8 kV
27/47 Polyphase undervoltage and phase sequence protection. Trips
circuit breaker.
49 Temperature overload protection using stator resistance
temperature detectors. Initiates alarm.
49/50 Replica-type thermal overload protection including
instantaneous element for short-circuit protection. Trips circuit
breaker.
50GS Instantaneous ground fault protection for 13.8 kV transformer
primary. Trips circuit breaker.
51/50 Phase overcurrent and locked rotor protection. Trips circuit
breaker.
63 Sudden pressure relay, transformer mounted. Trips circuit
breaker.
87M Motor differential relay. Trips circuit breaker through
auxiliary relay 86M.
86M Auxiliary trip and lockout relay.

1.0 MVA transformer at 13.8 kV 50GS Instantaneous ground fault protection. Trips circuit breaker.
bus Time and instantaneous phase fault protection. Trips circuit
51/50 breaker.

480 V transformer secondary 67 Directional phase overcurrent protection for transformer faults
circuit breakers and 13.8 kV line faults. Trips 480 V circuit breaker.

5.0 NEMA/IEC DIFFERENCES

5.1 General
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
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Rev 0 1999
This specification is primarily written for relays manufactured in accordance with the American
(NEMA) standards.

If it is necessary or advantageous (or if there is no equivalent NEMA standard) to purchase relays

in accordance with International (IEC) Standards, the specification can still be utilised but the
salient differences occurring should be noted as detailed below.

5.2 Salient Differences

This section does not attempt to list every difference between American (NEMA) standards and
IEC standards, but covers only those salient differences that could affect the final installation if not
properly addressed during the Design phase of a contract.

5.2.1 Units - SI Units

The NEMA Standards in many cases utilise imperial units (horsepower, feet, pounds, degrees
fahrenheit, foot candles, etc.) whilst the IEC Standards utilise SI units (metres, grammes, degrees
celsius etc.).

Note:

For electrical equipment, the (American) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
have recommended that the use of the imperial (British-American units in use be reduced as
rapidly as possible in favour of the SI units, with certain implementations such as the use of
horsepower being phased out first.

Where practicable, both systems has been shown in this standard and on the Electrical Data Sheets
since the transition will take some time to fully implement.

5.2.2 Ingress Protection (IP) (IEC 34-5) IEC 529

The IEC Code precisely defines the ingress protection offered to the machine by its enclosure
against solid bodies and moisture. The NEMA Code is now similar, and for most refinery
installations, an enclosure of "IP54" (as defined in both codes) should be adequate for most
installations.

5.2.3 Hazardous (Classified) Areas (GES L.35)

Full details of the comparison of IEC and American practices are detailed in GES L.35 and are not
reiterated here.

If it is intended to purchase a relays to IEC Standards, reference shall be made to the contract
hazardous area drawing produced from the principles stated in GES L.35 to establish the enclosure
type needed.

Note: The National Electrical Code NFPA 70, Article 500 and API.RP500 cover the American
approach to hazardous (Classified) areas in some detail.

5.2.4 Grounding

Concerned with the nature and location of an intentional electrical interconnection between the
Electrical System Conductors and Ground.

In British Practice, the terms "Grounding" and "Ground" are replaced by "Earthing" and "Earth".
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
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Rev 0 1999

6.0 INSPECTION

6.1 Procedures

The inspection requirements are covered by the document "General Conditions of Purchase"
which forms part of the Purchase Order/Contract. Additional requirements are given below.

(a) The Vendor/Contractor shall allow the Inspector free access to all areas of manufacture,
fabrication, assembly and testing.

(b) The Vendor/Contractor always has the responsibility to provide adequate quality control
and inspection of equipment and materials as defined in ISO 9000. Any inspection by
Owner or his Inspector shall not relieve the Vendor/Contractor of these responsibilities or
those under his guarantees.

(c) Any defects noticed in the course of fabrication shall be brought to the attention of the
Inspection Engineer, who shall decide if the faulty material or workmanship should be
repaired or rejected.

(d) If inspection is waived, the required data shall be forwarded to the Owner. If submission
of data is not requested, all data shall be retained by the Vendor/Contractor for issue to
the Owner on demand, for at least five years.

(e) The Vendor/Contractor shall provide a safe working environment for the Inspector and
alert the Inspector of potential hazards.

6.2 Scope

Inspector shall inspect the relays to ensure that they comply with the requirements of the latest
revision of this specification and Data Sheets, drawings or other attachments to the material
requisition, and the latest revision of the Vendor/Contractor's documentation and data relating to
the specific material requisition.

All shopwork and testing of the relays set shall be carried out to the complete satisfaction of the
Inspector, but his approval shall not relieve the Vendor/Contractor of the responsibility for the
guarantees covered in the Purchase Order/Contract.

In particular, at least the following shall be checked:

(a) rating plate details,

(b) certification/approvals markings,

(c) terminals,

(d) mounting arrangement,

(e) grounding terminal(s) size and location,

(f) accessories,

(g) equipment tag number,

(h) functional check.

 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 25 of 37
Rev 0 1999
The Inspector shall ensure that any shortcomings in the Vendor/Contractor's documentation or
data are rectified before any equipment or material is accepted for shipment.

6.3 Nameplates

6.3.1 Information to be given in all cases

Each relays shall be provided with a rating plate of stainless steel fitted in a visible position,
showing the appropriate items listed below. The entries on the plate shall be indelibly marked (by
etching, engraving or stamping).

(a) kind of relay,

(b) number of the specification,
(c) manufacturer's name,
(d) manufacturer's serial number,
(e) year of manufacture,
(f) rated frequency,
(g) rated voltage,
(h) rated current,
(i) connection symbol and diagram,
(j) Plant identification number (if relevant).

7.0 TESTING

7.1 Statutory Tests

Tests shall be performed in accordance with the applicable codes, the requirements of the Data
Sheets and include as a minimum the following Routine Tests.

7.2 Routine Tests

7.2.1 The Vendor/Contractor's basic routine witnessed factory tests are required and shall include but
not be limited to the following tests to ensure that the specification for the equipment has been met
at the rated environmental conditions:

(a) ratio, polarity and phase relationships,

(b) insulation resistance,
(c) operation against Vendor/Contractor's standard curve,
(d) Pick Up/Drop Off values (if relevant).

7.3 Test Procedures

7.3.1 In all cases the Vendor/Contractor shall submit his test procedures in writing to the Owner for
approval prior to the start of the testing programme.

7.4 Site Acceptance Test Requirements

7.4.1 Test Schedules

The Vendor/Contractor shall submit a schedule of Site Acceptance Tests that are to be undertaken
to ensure that the relays are satisfactory.

The test schedules shall be approved by the Owner. There shall be a separate set of acceptance
tests for each relay supplied.

7.4.2 Initial Acceptance Tests

 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 26 of 37
Rev 0 1999
The initial acceptance tests shall be performed by the Vendor/Contractor when all relevant
equipment has been installed.

7.4.3 Final Acceptance Tests

Fourteen days after the systems have been put into service, or fourteen days after the initial
acceptance tests, whichever is the earliest, the Final Acceptance Tests shall be effected by the
Vendor/Contractor, and be witnessed by the Inspector.

7.5 Test Certificates

7.5.1 Test Certificates

Final acceptance of the system will be given following satisfactory Final Acceptance Tests.

All copies of test certificates shall be furnished with final drawings as called for in documentation
section. The Final Acceptance Tests shall be witnessed by the Inspector who shall retain one copy
of the certified tests.

7.6 Test Equipment

7.6.1 Supply

The Vendor/Contractor shall supply a set of test equipment if it is required

7.6.2 Test Accessories

All necessary test leads, power cords and ancillaries shall be provided.

All instruments and apparatus used in the performance of the tests shall have been calibrated to an
agreed standard at a laboratory of National standing within a period of 15 months of the test date.
The cost of carrying out such calibrations shall be borne by the Vendor/Contractor in all cases.

8.0 DOCUMENTATION

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 This section covers the documentation required for the design, selection, fabrication, inspection
and testing for all the equipment, components and services to be provided against this
specification.

8.1.2 The detailed list of documents that are required is included with the Purchase Order/Contract,
however as a minimum the following listed documents will be provided by the Vendor/Contractor.

. General Arrangement,
. Layout,
. Single Line Diagram,
. Schematic and block wiring diagram,
. Test and Maintenance Instructions.

8.1.3 The documents as listed may be considered as a minimum requirement; all details to confirm
compliance with the relevant specifications, and to allow a full and continued appraisal to be made
of the Vendor/Contractor's proposals and interpretations of the ordered equipment, should be
submitted in accordance with the schedule specified in the Purchase Order/Contract.

8.1.4 Any production or procurement undertaken by the Vendor/Contractor which is prior to the
relevant documentation being submitted and reviewed by the Owner is at the Vendor/Contractor's
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 27 of 37
Rev 0 1999
risk.

8.1.5 On all documentation the Purchase Order/Contract number, equipment title, tag number and
project name shall be quoted.

8.1.6 All documentation shall be checked and signed by the checker before submission.

8.2 Schedules and Reports

8.2.1 The Vendor/Contractor shall submit with his tender a preliminary Quality Control Plan and
proposals for Factory Acceptance and Site Acceptance tests.

8.2.2 The Vendor/Contractor shall include with his tender documentation a statement of proposed Sub-
Vendors/Sub-Contractors, a document submission schedule for all documents based on a review
cycle of three weeks and outline programme for procurement and production activities.

8.2.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall incorporate any revisions agreed with the Owner during the enquiry
review stage.

8.2.4 Monthly reports shall be submitted by the Vendor/Contractor detailing design, procurement,
production and documentation activities, the format of which shall be agreed with the Owner.

8.3 Data and Calculations

8.3.1 The Vendor/Contractor shall supply with his tender completed Data Sheets containing all the
relevant information necessary for appraisal of the design by the Owner.

8.3.2 Project specific instructions will be issued to the Vendor/Contractor with the Purchase
Order/Contract, which describes the data and calculations to be submitted, and the methods of
submission.

8.3.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining approvals from the Inspection Authority.

8.3.4 All calculations shall be carried out in clear and logical manner. Where conditions involve the use
of formulae or methods not specified in the Design Code, the source of these formulae or methods
shall be clearly referenced.

8.3.5 Computer calculations will only be acceptable if all input is shown, together with calculated values
of intermediate terms and factors and options chosen, as well as final calculated dimensions,
stresses or other values and the computer program has been validated to the satisfaction of the
Owner.

8.3.6 Calculations and drawings that are interdependent, i.e. foundation loading and equipment
footprint, shall be presented for appraisal together.

8.4 Drawings

8.4.1 The drawings listed with the Purchase Order/Contract shall be sent by the Vendor/Contractor to
the Owner and/or the Inspection Authority for review and approval.

8.4.2 The components and process to produce the ordered equipment shall be shown in sufficient detail
to be fully appraised eg, outline drawings, components list and schematic diagrams.

8.4.3 General arrangement drawings shall be to scale and show the relative location and main
dimensions of all components including elevations.

8.4.4 Detail drawings which may be included on the general arrangement shall include thicknesses and
dimensions of all components, weld details, machining and surface finish requirements, gasket and
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 28 of 37
Rev 0 1999
nameplate details.

8.4.5 As-built drawings may be the general arrangement drawings marked-up with the actual as-built
dimensions.

8.5 Final Records, Documents and Manuals

8.5.1 Two copies of the Data Dossier shall be supplied, and shall be a record of the manufacturing
process. Where stated in the Purchase Order/Contract, beside the electrical documents listed in
Section 8.1.2, it shall contain the following:

- general arrangement drawing and bill of material,

- the quality control plan,
- material certificates,
- positive material identification certificates,
- schematic and wiring diagrams,
- NDT procedures and records,
- hazardous area certificates,
- performance test procedures, and test certificate,
- non-conformity records,
- approvals by the Independent Inspection Authority,
- certificate of conformity,
- Owner's release certificate.

8.5.2 Six sets of the Installation, Operations and Maintenance Manual (IOM) shall be specifically
compiled for the equipment supplied. A compendium of manufacturer's data for a range of like
products is not acceptable. The IOM shall contain the following:

- a description of the equipment,

- the master document list and certified copies of key drawings,
- packing, shipping and site preservation instructions,
- step by step installation instructions,
- step by step pre-commissioning procedures,
- step by step commissioning procedures,
- step by step procedures for dismantling and re-assembly,
- normal operating and set point values for all instruments,
- routine preventive maintenance schedule and major repair procedures,
- lubrication, chemicals, consumables schedule,
- list of special tools,
- spare parts ordering information,
- protective relaying summary by system with write up,
- protective relay set point schedule.

The IOMs shall be presented in A4 format, and be securely bound in heavy duty 4 ring binders.

8.5.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall produce as built documents revised to indicate field changes.

8.5.4 The Vendor/Contractor shall supply one set of mylar original drawings.

8.5.5 Electronic Data Format (EDF)

All documentation (drawings, calculations and Data Sheets etc.) shall be produced by the
Vendor/Contractor in electronic format.

The format shall be compatible with that used by the Owner and shall be agreed at the
commencement of the Purchase Order/Contract.
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 29 of 37
Rev 0 1999

In addition to the 'hard copies' required under contract,copies of the electronic records shall be
issued to the purchaser for all approved documentation, this forming part of the
Vendor/Contractor's contractual obligations.

9.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT

9.1 Painting and Coatings

All surfaces which are exposed during transit or storage shall be given a coat of temporary rust
inhibiting material.

Surface preparation, painting and painting materials shall be in accordance with GES X.06.

9.2 Spare Parts

The Vendor/Contractor shall submit with his proposal, a list of recommended spares for start-up
and two years operation. This list shall include, but not be limited to:

- special tools, if required,

- gaskets,
- spare relays.

9.3 Packing and Storage

This section describes the minimum requirements for the preservation and protection of equipment
during the sea and land transportation and storage prior to installation.

The probable storage period will be specified in the order/enquiry and will extend from the time of
despatch to the time of unpacking on site. If the storage period is not stated, a minimum period of
24 months shall be assumed. Packing to be suitable for sea freight.

(a) After mechanical completion at the works, the relays shall be left in a clean and dry
condition.

(b) The Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for loading and anchoring the item(s) to
prevent damage during shipment.

The Vendor/Contractor shall submit his procedures for packing and preservation for review by the
Owner.

9.4 Shipping

Detailed shipping arrangements are covered by the Purchase Order/Contract.

The relays shall not leave the Vendor/Contractor's works for shipment until the release has been
approved by the Owner's Inspector.

9.5 Warranty

The Vendor/Contractor shall warrant all material and services supplied against any defect for a
period of twelve (12) months from commissioning, or twenty-four (24) months from the date of
delivery to site, whichever is the shorter period, or for the period stipulated in the Purchase
Order/Contract.

Should any item be found defective, the Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for all costs
associated with restoring the equipment to the standard specified by the Purchase Order/Contract.
 GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.08
PROTECTION RELAY SYSTEMS Page 30 of 37
Rev 0 1999

10.0 FIGURES SUB-INDEX

Figure 1 - Typical Bus Protection (Medium Voltage - 4.16 kV to 34.5 kV) for double
ended switchgear

Figure 2 - Typical Generator Protection (For Industrial Plant)

Figure 3 - Typical Transformer Protection

Figure 4 - Medium Voltage Feeder Breaker Protection (4.16 to 34.5 kV)

Figure 5 - Typical Motor Protection up to 1000 HP (750 kW)

Figure 6 - Typical Motor Protection 1000 HP (750 kW) and Above

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