National Oil Corporation: Rev Date Description Checked Approved

NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION
GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
GES L.21
POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT
Rev Date Description Checked Approved

0 1999 Issued for Implementation DL
Compiled by Teknica (UK) Ltd

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES L.21
POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT Page 2 of 53
Rev 0 1999
INDEX
SEC TITLE PAGE
1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION 4
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Other NOC Specifications 4
1.3 Data Sheets 4
2.0 DEFINITIONS 5
2.1 Technical 5
2.2 Contractual 7
3.0 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE 8
3.1 Environmental Conditions 8

3.2 Codes and Standards 8
3.3 Voltages and Frequency (Supply Input) 9
3.4 Standards & Reliability (MTBF) 9
3.5 Safety 9
3.6 Acoustic Noise 10
3.7 Transformer Capacity and Impedance 10
3.8 Switchgear Capacity 10
3.9 Power Cable Sizing 11
3.10 Terminal Voltage and Voltage Drop 12
3.11 Power for Turnaround 13
3.12 Metering 15
3.13 Alarms 16
3.14 Substation Alarms 16
3.15 Motor Alarms 18
3.16 Welding Supply 19
3.17 Convenience Outlets 20
4.0 CONSTRUCTION 21
4.1 Materials 21
4.2 Component Type Selections 22
4.3 Power Distribution Equipment, Arrangement and Protection 30
5.0 NEMA/IEC DIFFERENCES 38
5.1 General 38
5.2 Salient Differences 39
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SEC TITLE PAGE
6.0 INSPECTION 39
6.1 Procedures 39
6.2 Scope 40
6.3 Nameplates 40
7.0 TESTING 41
7.1 Statutory Tests 41

7.2 Routine Tests 41
7.3 Test Procedures 41
7.4 Site Acceptance Test Requirements 41
7.5 Test Certificates 42
7.6 Test Equipment 42
8.0 DOCUMENTATION 42
8.1 Introduction 42
8.2 Schedules and Reports 43
8.3 Data and Calculations 43
8.4 Drawings 43
8.5 Final Records, Documents and Manuals 44
9.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT 45
9.1 Painting and Coatings 45

9.2 Spares 45
9.3 Packing and Storage 45
9.4 Shipping 45
9.5 Warranty 46
10.0 DETAILED DOCUMENTATION REQUESTS 46
10.1 Introduction 46
10.2 Figures and Associated Data 46
11.0 FIGURES SUB-INDEX 51
Figures 52
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1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 This specification defines the minimum requirements for design, construction, inspection and testing of
power distribution equipment.
1.1.2 This specification applied to equipment for refineries, onshore oil & gas installations and processing
facilities, including items purchased either directly or indirectly as part of a package.
1.1.3 This specification is generally based on ANSI/NEMA standards. The Vendor/Contractor shall comply
fully with the provisions laid down in this specification. Any exception must be clearly stated and be
authorised in writing by the Owner as failure to do so shall indicate full compliance; any remedial work
then necessary, shall be at the Vendor/Contractor's expense.
1.1.4 In the event of any conflict between this specification and the Data Sheets, or with any of the applicable
codes and standards, the Vendor/Contractor shall inform the Owner in writing and receive clarification
from the Owner before proceeding with the work.
1.1.5 This general specification will form part of the Purchase Order/Contract, together with any Data Sheets,
drawings or other attachments.
1.2 Other NOC Specifications
The following NOC General Engineering Specifications are an integral part of this specification and any
exceptions shall be approved in advance by the Owner:
GES A.04 Noise Level Criteria and Noise Control of Mechanical Equipment
GES A.06 Site Data
GES B.12 Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning
GES L.01 Standard Electrical Symbols
GES L.03 Power Transformers
GES L.08 Protection Relay Systems
GES L.25 Grounding and Overvoltage Protection
GES L.34 Electrical Equipment in Contaminated Environments
GES X.06 Factory Coatings for Electrical Equipment and Instruments
1.3 Data Sheets
The technical data supplied by the Owner for the equipment is given on the Data Sheets which are
included at the end of the relevant equipment specifications.
The Vendor/Contractor shall complete the Data Sheets with the remaining information.
2.0 DEFINITIONS
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2.1 Technical
The technical terms used in this specification are defined as follows:
Primary Selective Substations
Normally at the source of incoming supply (upstream of secondary selective substation) having dual
services divided into non paralleled operations and separated by a normally open bus tie breaker. Upon
failure of one source, the substation is isolated from the failed source and the bus section closes
(normally or automatically) to feed the board from the remaining source.
Secondary Selective Substations
These have two busses, each supplied by a normally closed incoming line circuit breaker and connected
together by a normally open bus tie circuit breaker. (As used herein, the term "secondary selective" is
applicable to dually fed substations with or without transformers.) The dual sources normally divide the
load in non-paralleled operation. Upon failure of one source, the substation is isolated from the failed
source and the de-energised bus section is connected to the source remaining in service. This "transfer"
of load may be manual or automatic.
Source
This is the primary source of supply to other substations including Secondary Selective Substations. It
may also be fed from more than one supply.
Spot Network Substations
These substations are supplied from two or more sources which normally divide the substation load in
paralleled operation. Upon failure of one source, the substation is isolated from the failed source by
automatic operation of directional overcurrent relaying. This provides high order of supply continuity in
the event of faults, but imposes higher fault interrupting duty than does secondary selective operation
with sources of the same capacity.
Radial Substations
These substations are supplied from a single source. Upon failure of the source, the substation is
isolated from the failed source by automatic operation of overcurrent relaying. This provides the lowest
order of supply continuity in the event of faults, since total loss of supply results.
Firm Load Data
This is the load data derived from actual equipment performance characteristics and duty cycles.
Maximum Demand
The highest value of loading (kW, kVA or A) registered by a demand meter during a specified interval
of time, or for a new design the sum of the expected simultaneous demands of individual loads.
Demand
The electric power at the receiving terminals averaged over a specified interval of time. Demand is
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expressed in kW, kVA or A. The interval of time is generally 15 min, 30 min or 1 hr.
Peak Load
The max/min load (kW, kVA or A) consumed or produced by a unit or group of units in a stated period
of time. It may be the maximum instantaneous load or the maximum average load over a designated
period of time.
8-hour Maximum Demand
The greatest root-mean-square (rms) value the load can take during any 8-hour period. It is the
equivalent thermal ageing load.
Adjusted Maximum Demand
A non-firm load data which is equal to 1.25 times estimated maximum demand.
Motor Continuous Overload Capability/Service Factor
A multiplier which, when applied to the rated power, indicates power loading which may be carried
continuously without exceeding the rated temperature rise by more than 50°F (10°C) at continuous
overload/service factor loading, if rated voltage and frequency are maintained.
When the motor is operated at any service factor greater than 1.0, it may have efficiency, power factor
and speed different from those at rated power, but the locked rotor torque and current and breakdown
torque will remain unchanged.
Load Factor
The ratio of the average load over a designated period of time to the peak load occurring in that period.
Demand Factor
The ratio of the maximum demand of a system, or part of a system, to the total connected load of the
system, or part of the system, under consideration.
Diversity Factor
The ratio of the maximum demand of the load as a whole, measured at its supply point to the sum of the
maximum demands of the component parts of the load.
Undervoltage Protection
The motor control which causes the motor controller to trip either instantaneously or after a
predetermined time interval upon a dip or loss of motor supply voltage. Upon restoration of normal
supply voltage, the controller does not reclose or only recloses if supply voltage is restored within a
predetermined time interval.
Undervoltage Release
The motor control which causes the motor controller to trip instantaneously upon a dip or loss of motor
supply voltage and to reclose instantaneously upon restoration of normal supply voltage, regardless of
the time duration of the voltage dip or loss.
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Lighting Transformer
A transformer which mainly supplies lighting, but may also supply convenience receptacles and other
non-critical low voltage loads.
Captive Transformer
A transformer which supplies a single utilisation device, usually a large motor. The transformer may be
located in a substation or close to the device it supplies.
Sub-bus
A substation bus which is directly supplied (without an intervening transformer) from the switchgear
main bus. Examples of sub-busses are motor control and turnaround power centre busses.
2.2 Contractual
The commercial terms used in this specification are defined as follows:
Owner
The oil and gas company, an associate or subsidiary, who is the end user of the equipment.
Vendor
The company supplying the equipment.
Contractor
The main contractor for a defined piece of work.
Sub-Contractor
A company awarded a contract by a Contractor to do part of the work awarded to the Contractor.
Inspection Authority
The organisation representing the Owner or Vendor/Contractor that verifies that the equipment has been
designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of this specification and
the Purchase Order/Contract.
Inspector
A qualified individual representing the Owner, Vendor/Contractor or the assigned Inspection Authority,
who verifies that the equipment has been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with
the requirements of this specification and the Purchase Order/Contract.
3.0 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE
3.1 Environmental Conditions
3.1.1 External Environment
These conditions are fully detailed in GES A.06 and cover the principal site conditions affecting the
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electrical equipment including maximum and minimum ambient temperature, dust, humidity and
altitude, etc.
3.1.1 Internal Environment
Internal equipment shall be housed in an enclosed, air-conditioned equipment room; full details are
given in GES B.12.
Temporary excursions from these limits, e.g. during short term power failures, shall be ignored for the
purposes of equipment rating.
3.2 Codes and Standards
3.2.1 General
In general, the requirements specified herein are based on the ANSI/NEMA and other American Codes
and Standards, the most important of which are listed below. Unless otherwise stated, equipment and
materials shall comply with these Codes and Standards.
Unless specified otherwise in the Purchase Order/Contract, the current editions of the Codes and
Standards at the time of the order shall be used.
The Vendor/Contractor shall operate and supply certification for a Quality System complying with the
requirements of the ASQ Q9000 Series or BS EN ISO 9000, Part 1 (Design) Part 2 (Production) and
Part 3 (Test and Inspection).
3.2.2 US Codes and Standards
ASQ Q9000 Quality Management and Quality Assurance
ANSI C37.2 Standard Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers
NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 volts maximum)
3.2.3 IEC and other Recommendations
When appropriate, equivalent International Standards which may be used as alternatives are listed below
and may be used with the prior approval of the Owner. Equipment and materials complying with IEC
Recommendations shall be at least equal to the requirements of this specification. The
Vendor/Contractor shall advise full details of any deviations to these requirements in his offer if IEC
based standards are utilised.
IEC 60 529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60801 Parts 1 to 4 Electromagnetic Compatibility for Industrial Process Measurement and Control
Equipment
IEC 605-7 Equipment Reliability Testing
IEC 60050 (191) International Electro Technical Vocabulary, Chapter 191,

Dependability & Quality of Service
IEC 60947-2 Low Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear - Circuit Breakers
ISO 9000 Quality System Design

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IEC 60707 Methods of test for the determination of the flammability of solid
electrical insulating materials when exposed to an igniting source
G.5/3 Electricity Council "Limits for Harmonics in the United Kingdom

Electricity Supply System"
3.3 Voltage and Frequency (Supply Input)
3.3.1 Rating
The equipment system input voltage and frequency shall be as stated on the Data Sheets or attachments
to the material requisition.
3.3.2 Variations affecting Sizing
The equipment shall operate successfully from zero load to the rated load and power factor with a
supply voltage variation of 10% above or below rated voltage and 5% above or below rated frequency.
Note:
Power distribution, equipment component capacity and impedance selection are outlined in sections 3.7
to 3.10 for maximum demands, and component sizing shall, if possible, be based on firm load data, plus
any specified provision for future capacity. If firm load data is not available, the best possible estimate
of the loads shall be made.
If an increase in equipment size results from using adjusted maximum demand based on non-firm load
data, as compared to non-adjusted estimated demand basis, the Vendor/Contractor shall advise the
Owner of the two sizes and the difference in price for the larger equipment.
Final equipment size shall be at least equal to 1.25 times the maximum demand. To this shall be added
an allowance for known future loads.
3.4 Standards and Reliability (MTBF)
The equipment offered shall employ technology with high reliability, and a high mean time between
failure (MTBF) rates. The MTBF of the equipment offered shall be stated.
3.5 Safety
The equipment shall meet BS EN 50091, Part 1 General & Safety Requirements.
3.6 Acoustic Noise
(a) The noise level criterion for the plant shall be as specified in GES A.04.
(b) Unless stated otherwise in the relevant equipment Data Sheets, the sound pressure level shall not
exceed 60 dB(A) maximum 1.1 yards (1 metre) from the surface of the equipment except motors
which shall be limited to 80 dB(A).
3.7 Transformer Capacity and Impedance
3.7.1 In general these points shall be applied to dry type transformers as well as liquid cooled units.
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3.7.2 8-hour maximum demands shall be the basis for transformer capacity.
In radial and primary selective substations, transformer self-cooled capacity shall be equal to or greater
than the adjusted maximum demand.
3.7.3 In secondary selective and spot network substations, and in radial substations which have been specified
to be convertible to secondary selective or spot network, the rating of each transformer shall be such
that, if any one transformer is out of service, the remaining transformers can meet the adjusted
maximum demand of the load within their forced-cooled ratings.
3.7.4 Transformer cooling fans shall be supplied on a transformer where load requirements are such that the
transformer must operate within the fan cooled rating. On secondary selective or spot networks, the
single feeder condition shall be used to determine whether or not fans are required. Fans shall be
automatically controlled by transformer oil temperature.
3.7.5 Transformers with an ONAN rating of 1250 kVA and larger shall have provision for future ONAF
rating. Fans shall not be installed initially unless fan cooling is specified.
The rating shall be based upon the allowable temperature rise (measured by resistance test) and the
average ambient temperature will be deduced from the maximum and minimum temperatures in the Data
Sheets.
3.7.6 Transformer impedance. Transformers having manufacturer's standard impedance value shall be used,
except when other values are required as follows:
(a) to meet voltage drop limitations, or
(b) to realise economies by the use of switchgear with lower interrupting rating.
Refer to GES L.03 for further details.
3.8 Switchgear Capacity
3.8.1 Within the limits of this Specification, the ratings referred to below shall be rounded up to the nearest
standard rating commercially available.
15-minute maximum demands shall be the basis for switchgear continuous ratings.
3.8.2 Generator breakers shall have a continuous rating at least equal to 1.05 times the maximum continuous
rating, or 15-minute or longer overload rating of the generator.
3.8.3 Transformer primary and main secondary circuit breakers shall have a continuous rating at least equal to
1.25 times the maximum rating of the transformer. If a primary breaker supplies a feeder supplying
more than one transformer, its rating shall be at least equal to the summation of the maximum ratings of
all transformers, plus 25% of the maximum rating of the largest transformer.
3.8.4 Feeder circuit breakers or incoming circuit breakers supplying busses shall have a continuous rating
equal to the adjusted maximum demand of the total load supplied from the bus. For secondary selective
substations, adjusted maximum demand shall be determined with the bus tie breaker closed.
3.8.5 Bus tie circuit breakers in secondary selective and spot network substations shall have a continuous
capacity equal to the larger adjusted maximum demand of either bus, and not less than 1.25 times the
maximum rating of either transformer.
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3.8.6 Circuit breakers used as motor controllers shall have a continuous capacity at least equal to 1.25 times
the motor full load current for motors having a continuous overload capability/service factor of 1.0, and
1.40 times the motor full load current for motors having a 1.15 continuous overload capability/service
factor. Circuit breakers shall be specified in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements for motor
starting service.
This compensates for circuit breakers being used for motor starting duties with a more frequent cycle of
use.
Interrupting rating shall be adequate for the maximum short circuit level.
Momentary rating shall be adequate for the maximum short circuit level and maximum number of
motors operating under normal conditions, with estimated motor load which would exist when the
transformer, or installed local generating capacity, is loaded to its rated capacity.
3.8.7 For secondary selective substations, the interrupting and momentary ratings shall be calculated with one
incoming line breaker open and the bus tie breaker closed.
Switchgear shall be considered to have no emergency overload rating above its normal rating.
Cascading of circuit breakers is not acceptable.
3.8.8 Moulded-case breakers used for branch circuit protection shall have an interrupting rating related to the
theoretically available symmetrical fault current from all sources, including the low voltage motor
contribution.
The total motor contribution shall include an allowance for future motors to bring the maximum demand
to the transformer fan-cooled rating, based on typical motor design utilisation factors.
3.8.9 Use of computer programmes for calculating fault current is acceptable provided that the programme has
been verified by a recognised authority.
3.9 Power Cable Sizing
3.9.1 8-hour maximum demand shall be the basis for cable ampacity.
3.9.2 A bus feeder supplying a radial bus from a source which is not in the same or adjacent room (or outdoor
switchgear assembly) with the bus it supplies, shall have an ampacity not less than the adjusted
maximum demand on the bus. Bus adjusted maximum demand shall be equal to the total maximum
demand of all loads (except transformers) supplied from the bus, plus the forced cooled ratings of all
transformers supplied from the bus (the rating of only one transformer shall be included when both
transformers of secondary selective and spot network substations are supplied from the same bus).
3.9.3 In a system arranged such that two or more power feeders are directly supplying a bus system with two
or more sections, the emergency rating of the feeder or feeders remaining in service following loss of
one feeder to the bus system, shall not be less than the adjusted maximum demand on the bus system.
3.9.4 Cable or bus ducts used as feeders to supply a substation sub-bus from an upstream bus which is located
in the same room or adjacent room (or outdoor switchgear assembly), shall have an ampacity at least
equal to the downstream bus rating. An example would be feeders supplying motor control centres and
turnaround power centres for switchgear in the same room.
3.9.5 Transformer feeders shall have an ampacity not less than 1.25 times the transformer maximum rating.
When a feeder supplies more than one transformer, its rating shall be at least equal to the summation of
the maximum ratings of all transformers, plus 25% of the maximum rating of the largest transformer.
Transformer secondary circuit shall be sized no smaller than the transformer secondary ampacity.
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3.9.6 Lighting feeders feeding lighting panels shall have an ampacity not less than the adjusted maximum
demand of the load. The minimum size of branch feeder shall be No 12 AWG (2.5 mm²)
3.9.7 Motor feeders shall have an ampacity not less than 1.25 times the motor full load current and the
minimum size shall be No 12 AWG (2.5 mm2).
3.9.8 Feeders to busses and power transformers above 600 V shall be sized to withstand short circuit thermal
stress without damage to the feeders. The maximum short circuit level of the supply and clearing time
of the feeder protective device shall be used to determine this condition. Cable at 600 V and below,
which have fuse or MCB current limiting protection, and feeders to motors above 600 V shall not be
increased in size because of short circuit duty provided that fuses or MCBs having a prospective fault
cut off capability are utilised for protection.
3.9.9 Cable ampacity shall be based on a load factor equal to 100% (unless a lower value is specified) for
grouped duct bank installations.
3.10 Terminal Voltage and Voltage Drop
3.10.1 Voltage spread at motor terminals of three-phase motors shall be within the rated full-load voltage
tolerance of the motors. If the motors have more than ±5% voltage tolerance, the spread shall be further
limited to 93.5% to 106.5% of motor rated voltage.
Voltage spread at lighting fixtures shall not exceed ±5% of rated lamp or ballast voltage.
3.10.2 Voltage drop in cables shall not exceed the following in percent of system nominal line-to-neutral
voltage:
(a) All motor feeders - 5% at full load current including total voltage drop in
sub-bus feeder, if any,
(b) Feeders of motors which are - 10% at full voltage locked rotor current including
to re-accelerate automatically total voltage drop in sub-bus feeder, if any.
(c) Lighting feeders - 1%
(d) Lighting branch circuits - 2%
3.10.3 Calculation of voltage drop, in feeder cables of motors which are to re-accelerate automatically, shall
allow for low power factor at locked rotor.
3.10.4 The 10% limit given may be relaxed only with the Owner's approval under the conditions and to the
extent indicated as follows:
(a) where re-acceleration of individual motors can be delayed to a late, lightly loaded step of the
overall motor restarting sequence in a substation,
(b) where re-acceleration of individual motors, which are light loaded (mechanically), is possible with
less than 80% of motor rated voltage (75% if agreed with the motor manufacturer),
(c) where the total re-acceleration load is small enough to permit re-acceleration in one step, without
the voltage at the motors dropping below 80% (75% if agreed with the motor manufacturer) of
motor rated voltage,
(d) if the Owner approves dividing the re-acceleration sequence into more steps, each less heavily
loaded than would be required if the 10% limit were held, and provided voltage at the motors
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during re-acceleration is kept to at least 80% of motor rated voltage (75% if agreed with the motor
manufacturer).
3.10.5 Lighting branch circuit voltage drop may be up to 3% if the branch circuit originates at a turnaround
power centre (ie feeder, if any, is of no significant length). Also, if a branch circuit supplies only
discharge type lamps which have ballasts with taps, the branch circuit voltage drop need be limited only
so that the in-service voltage at the ballasts do not fall below the minimum tap value.
3.10.6 Overall system voltage drops, during automatic re-acceleration of motors, shall be limited to the
following with allowance for loads caused by other motors operating at the time:
(a) the voltage drops at busses shall not exceed values (assumed to be not more than 20%) which
cause magnetically held contactors (and any auxiliary relays which control the contactor
operation) supplied from the busses to chatter or drop out, and shall not exceed values which
prevent the contactors from remaining closed successfully while carrying motor locked rotor
current during re-acceleration,
(b) the voltage drops at the terminals of all re-accelerating motors shall not exceed values which
prevent the motors from re-accelerating their loads to full speed without damage to the motors,
(c) the voltage drops at the terminals of all running motors shall not exceed values which cause the
motor to stall.
Overall system voltage drop during automatic re-acceleration, in addition to the conditions above, shall
be limited to the following:
(a) The voltage drops at busses shall not exceed 25% under the worst operating conditions, unless
otherwise approved by the Owner.
3.10.7 Voltage drop calculations shall be based on the minimum short circuit level of the supply.
3.11 Power for Turnaround
3.11.1 Turnaround power centre. For substations serving process units which are subject to periodic shutdown
("turnaround") for maintenance and repair, essential services required during such shutdown shall be
segregated from services required during normal operation. Examples of loads to be served by
turnaround power centres and by control centres are as follows:
Turnaround Power Control Centres
Lighting Process equipment drivers
Welding Process heaters
Convenience outlets Desalters
Elevator and hoists Precipitators
Switchgear battery charger Transformer fan supply
Switchgear space heaters Tap changer supply
Motor space heaters
Turnaround power centre shall also supply substation heating and ventilating equipment, and emergency
power bus normal supply. The transformer cooling fans shall also be supplied from the turnaround
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power centre provided it is equipped with an automatic transfer scheme for its supply, and it is not
possible to isolate the cooling fan supply on a different source than the transformer the fans serve.
3.11.2 Supply to turnaround power centres in radial substations shall be radial. This permits back-feeding the
turnaround power centre (eg via a temporarily unused welding supply circuit) from a portable or remote
power source during work on the main bus or transformer. For secondary selective and spot network
substations, the turnaround power centre shall have an alternative supply with separate feeders from
each main bus with manual transfer and interlocking against paralleling the main busses.
3.11.3 Automatic transfer, in place of manual transfer of the turnaround power centre supply, shall be
considered if essential loads are supplied from the turnaround power centre, such as control room loads.
Acceptable types of essential service centres are those which meet the requirements for:
(a) control centres,
(b) wall mounted moulded case circuit breaker panels.
3.11.4 Control centres are preferred for turnaround power centres, the use of circuit breaker panels requires the
approval of the Owner. If used, the requirements for circuit break panels are:
(a) panels shall be of a factory-assembled design with readily available replacement components,
(b) panels shall contain breakers only. Relays, contactors, timers and similar components associated
with any given circuit shall be separately housed and mounted,
(c) access to wiring spaces shall be through hinged door(s),
(d) breaker panels shall have a feeder bus to which breakers are plugged in. Design shall permit easy
re-arrangement or addition of 1-pole and 3-pole breakers.
Spare spaces for the future addition of at least 3-pole circuit breakers shall be provided in essential
service centres.
3.12 Metering
3.12.1 Meters shall be switchboard type with 1% accuracy and as follows:
(a) voltmeters shall be expanded scale type,
(b) instantaneous reading ammeters and voltmeters shall have a scale length of at least 5" (125 mm).
3.12.2 An indicating voltmeter with 4-position transfer switch (1-2, 2-3, 3-1, off) shall be provided in the main
switchgear (or control centre if switchgear not used) of each substation with voltage 208 or higher. For
ungrounded neutral or high impedance grounded neutral substations, the transfer shall also permit
indication of the phase-to-neutral voltage of each phase. Voltmeter shall be connected to:
(a) the secondary side of substations having transformers,
(b) the incoming line side of main secondary or incoming breakers (if furnished) in radial substations
to permit reading both incoming and bus voltage. Voltmeters shall also be provided in radial
substations not having main secondary or incoming breakers,
(c) each bus of secondary selective and spot network substations.

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3.12.3 An indicating voltmeter to indicate phase-to-phase voltage of one phase shall be provided in each
incoming line of secondary selective and spot network substations. Voltmeter shall be connected to the
incoming line side of the main secondary or incoming breaker.
3.12.4 High resistance grounded 480 volt systems shall be equipped with ground alarm (trip) monitoring units,
such as Federal Pioneer Limited DSP MKII, or approved equal. The system grounding and monitoring
shall be incorporated into the 480 volt switchgear assembly.
3.12.5 A single thermal demand ammeter with 4-position transfer switch (1, 2, 3 off) shall be provided in each
incoming line of the main switchgear (or control centre if switchgear is not used) of each substation to
indicate substation load. Ammeter shall be connected on the secondary side of substations having
transformers. All substation feeders to transformers, or similar mixed loads, shall be provided with
thermal demand ammeters. Demand interval shall be 15 minutes. Motors above 240 HP (150 kW) shall
be provided with a single instantaneous ammeter mounted on the starter.
3.12.6 Watt-hour demand metering shall be provided in each main substation and in each process substation.
For secondary selective and spot network substations, this metering shall be a 4-stator unit totalising
both in-feeds. Demand interval shall be 15 minutes if available, otherwise 30 minutes.
3.12.7 Remote devices. Where current transformers supply remote devices, such as ammeters or wattmeters
mounted on control house panels (or similar panels), it is preferred that a transducer be provided at the
current transformer location to supply a low level signal to operate the remote device. Remote devices
may be supplied directly from current transformers, and when so supplied, the secondary leads of the
current transformers shall be identified by a legible warning nameplate. The nameplate shall be located
at all circuit terminal points at the panel, and on the rear of the instrument, engraved as follows (black
letters on yellow background):
WARNING - CURRENT TRANSFORMER SECONDARY LEADS
HIGH VOLTAGE POSSIBLE IF DISCONNECTED
Use of current transformers to supply remote devices requires the approval of the Owner.
Remote devices shall not be directly supplied from current transformers that are connected to protective
relaying. They may be supplied by any one of the following:
(a) independent current transformers,
(b) independent secondary windings of the relaying current transformers,
(c) auxiliary current transformers supplied from the relaying current transformers. Auxiliary current
transformers shall have a one ampere rated secondary winding to reduce voltage drop in the leads
to the remote devices.
3.12.8 Potential transformers secondary leads supplying remote meters shall be individually fused at the
potential transformer location.
3.13 Alarms
3.13.1 Location of alarms other than substation alarms shall be as follows:
(a) alarms shall be located in the control house or control room of the plant in which the equipment is
located or serves,
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(b) alarms, which supervise equipment serving two or more plants, shall be located in the unit control
house or room closest to the equipment.
A positive pressure ventilation alarm shall be provided for each pressure ventilated building or room as
follows:
(a) the alarm shall be actuated by a switch sensitive to air flow and shall give abnormal indication
whenever there is no air flow from the inside to the outside of the building or room,
(b) the air flow switch shall be a Dwyer Photohelic differential pressure switch (range 0-0.25" {0-6
mm} H2O) or equal,
(c) the switch shall be mounted indoors on an outside wall approximately 7 ft (2 m) above floor level.
The opening to the outside shall be protected to minimise the effect of wind and prevent entrance
of water,
(d) the alarm shall have sufficient time delay to avoid indication during momentary losses of air flow
such as occur when the building door is opened for entrance or exit of personnel.
3.14 Substation Alarms
3.14.1 Bus tie alarms shall be provided as follows:
(a) for each secondary selective substation to give abnormal indication whenever the breaker is closed
or not in the operating position,
(b) for each spot network substation, to give abnormal indication whenever the bus sectionalising
device is open or not in the operating position.
3.14.2 For the two incoming circuit breakers of each spot network substation, a single alarm shall be provided,
giving abnormal indication whenever either breaker is open or not in the operating position.
3.14.3 Transformers rated 500 kVA and larger shall be provided with an alarm as follows:
(a) the alarm shall be actuated by contacts in the liquid temperature thermometer and shall give
abnormal indication whenever the transformer reaches its maximum self-cooled operating
temperature as indicated by the thermometer,
(b) an alarm for each transformer with 2-float Buchholz relay to be actuated by slow gas
accumulation.
Transformer alarms shall also be provided for differential relaying if provided on the transformer.
3.14.4 Switchgear control power alarms shall be provided as follows:
(a) Control battery charger alarms as listed below for each substation control battery:
- loss of AC battery charger, (the detecting device shall be connected to the load side of the
protective device or switch (including devices internal to the charger) closest to the
charger in the supply circuit),
- low battery charger DC output voltage,

Rev 0 1999
- high battery charger DC output voltage,
- low battery voltage.
(b) Ground fault alarm shall be actuated by contacts in the control power system ground detector.
(c) One alarm relay shall be provided to monitor the trip circuit for each DC controlled circuit breaker
not controlling a motor.
3.14.5 An annunciator or individual alarm units shall be located in the substation to supervise each of the
substation alarm conditions.
All alarms shall conform to the following requirements:
(a) flasher units and relays used in annunciator cabinets shall be plug-in type,
(b) alarm systems shall be fail-safe type utilising normally closed alarm contacts,
(c) annunciators may be solid-state type, of modular construction,
(d) acknowledge and lamp test switches shall be provided for each annunciator cabinet.
An annunciator unit is preferred, the use of individual alarm units requires the approval of the Owner.
All alarms shall have first out and re-flash features.
3.14.6 A single alarm shall be located in the control room (or house) to supervise substation alarm conditions
described above, if applicable.
3.14.7 Smoke detector alarms shall be provided for each room within indoor substation buildings and within
outdoor substations of the protected aisle type. Individual alarms for each room, separate from the
alarm above shall be located in the control room (or house) to supervise the smoke detectors.
3.15 Motor Alarms
3.15.1 Motor alarms shall be provided as shown below. Alarms shall be located in the control room (or house),
unless specified otherwise.
Alarm Function Alarm Required for Motors Alarm Actuated By:

Having:
Bearing high temperature Bearing temperature relays Bearing temperature relay contacts.
A single alarm may be provided to
actuate if either or both relays
operate.
Winding high temperature Resistance temperature detectors Contacts in winding temperature

indicating controller
Winding high temperature Winding temperature detectors Winding temperature detector

(thermistors) contacts
Winding high temperature Alarm thermal relay in motor Alarm thermal relay contacts
controller
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Air (or gas) low pressure Pressurised motor enclosure, or Pressure sensing device located on
pressurised commutator or slip high pressure side of air (or gas)
ring enclosure supply line (as close to the pressure
reducing device as practical)
Air low pressure Forced ventilated motor Flow sensing device located in air
enclosure, or forced ventilated supply duct.
commutator or slip ring
enclosure
Water leakage TEWAC enclosure having Float switch in collecting pan

double tube cooler inside the external to the motor to sense water
motor enclosure draining from tube annulus
Water high or low flow TEWAC enclosure Flow sensing device located in water
supply line to motor cooler
"Motor-off" (When specified) Auxiliary contact of motor

controller. A second contact of
motor stop button shall prevent
operation of alarm when motor is
shutdown at its control station.
Motor winding high temperature alarms shall be set to operate when the normal or anticipated motor load is
exceeded and before the overload relay setting is reached.
Operating sequence of "motor off" alarm shall be:
(a) motor running - light out and horn silent.
(b) motor shutdown from control station - light on steady and horn silent,
(c) motor shutdown by other means - light on and flashing and horn sounding.
3.15.2 An alarm shall be provided for each remote bus supplying motor actuators for block valves used in
emergency isolation or shutdown, and liquid pull down or vapour blow down services. The alarm shall
supervise bus voltage and shall be actuated by contacts of a normally energised supervisory relay at the
valve bus and shall operate on loss of voltage. The alarms shall be located in the control room (or
house).
3.16 Welding Supply
3.16.1 Where a turnaround power source is available, welding terminal boxes and outlets shall be supplied
from this source.
Welding supply via welding outlets is preferred, the use of welding terminal boxes requires the approval
of the Owner.
3.16.2 Feeders supplying welding terminal boxes and outlets shall be sized based on a 0.4 demand factor.
3.16.3 Each welding circuit shall supply a maximum of eight (8) welding outlets or a single welding terminal
box.
3.16.4 Welding terminal boxes shall be furnished as follows:

Rev 0 1999
(a) Within process unit areas. The minimum number of grade-mounted boxes required shall be based
on plot area, as follows:
Plot Area Minimum Number of Boxes (1) per Unit of Area
ft2 x 103 (m2)
up to 20 (up to 1,900) 1
over 20 to 60 (over 1,900 to 5,600) 1 per every 20,000 ft2 (1900 m2)
over 60 to 150 (over 5,600 to 14,000) 3 plus 1 per every 30,000 ft2 (2,800 m2) over
60,000 ft2
over 150 (over 14,000) 6 plus 1 per every 40,000 ft2 (3,700 m2) for plots
over 150,000 ft2
Notes:
(a) Fractions less than 0.5 shall be dropped and fractions 0.5 or larger shall be increased to one.
(b) Outside of process unit areas, requirements shall be specified.
(c) Off-site facilities shall not be provided with welding supplies unless specified.
3.16.5 Location of welding terminal boxes shall be as follows:
(a) grade-mounted boxes shall be located at the process unit limits. Location shall be such that
grouping of welding machines will not congest access ways. The anticipated runs of DC welding
cable shall not exceed 200 ft (60 m),
(b) welding boxes shall be located on platforms in process unit structure if the structure height makes
it impractical to supply welding machines from grade-mounted boxes,
(c) the centreline elevation of boxes above-grade or platform shall be about 3 ft 6" (1050 mm),
(d) final number, location of welding terminal boxes and outlets shall be reviewed by the Owner.
Welding boxes mounted above-grade on elevated structures shall only be provided if space for welding
machines is available on platforms.
3.16.6 Welding terminal boxes shall provide three-phase AC to supply Owner's portable welding outlet racks
or individual welding machines via temporary cables. Boxes shall be weatherproof and fitted with
terminals to allow lug type connections. Box size and terminal design shall allow ample space to make
safe reliable connection.
3.16.7 Welding outlets shall be 3-phase, 480 volt (or applicable 3 phase voltage) combination circuit break and
receptacle type. The outlets shall be Crouse-Hinds EPC-66042 (70A), or equal for hazardous areas and
DBR-56742 (70A), or equal for non-hazardous areas. When required for new work in existing plants,
outlets shall be per Owner's standard (i.e. type or catalogue number, number of plugs). Details shall be
furnished by the Owner.
When outlets are provided, welding terminal boxes shall not be furnished unless specified.
3.16.8 Location of welding outlets within process unit areas shall be as required for welding terminal boxes. A
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minimum of two (2) grade-mounted welding outlets shall be provided for each process unit. The final
number and location of outlets shall be approved by the Owner.
Location of outlets shall provide adequate coverage throughout the process unit area for portable
welding machines. Outlets may be located along the process unit access way. Anticipated runs of DC
welding cables with the use of welding outlets shall not exceed 100 ft (30 m).
3.17 Convenience Outlets
3.17.1 Convenience outlets shall be provided to serve portable lights and tools for maintenance of outdoor
installations of equipment and facilities as follows:
(a) within process unit areas. Outlets shall be located within 15 ft (5 m) of the equipment to be
serviced (tower manholes, inspection openings, etc) and at about 3 ft 6" (1050 mm) above-grade
or platform,
(b) outside process area where the equipment or facility is served with permanent lighting. The final
number and location of outlets shall be reviewed by the Owner. These shall be protected by
ground fault circuit interrupts.
3.17.2 Convenience outlets in buildings shall be provided, as required, to supply electrical equipment not
supplied by permanent wiring, and to serve portable electrical devices.
3.17.3 Convenience outlets shall be single-phase AC. They shall have a separate contact for connection to the
grounding pole in the plug. Ground contacts in plugs and receptacles shall be arranged so that the
grounding circuit is made first and broken last.
3.17.4 Outlet type selection shall be based on the following:
(a) the type shall be suitable for the area classification and the environmental exposure,
(b) for outdoor installation to permit the use of plug type for all outlets in any area classification,
(c) for new work in existing plants, outlets must accept the Owner's existing plugs; details will be
furnished by the Owner.
3.17.5 Outdoor outlets shall meet the following:
(a) plug shall have shrouded contacts, so that contacts remain enclosed until circuit is broken,
(b) plugs shall be held in the plugged-in position by locking rings, twist lugs, or equivalent,
(c) arcs resulting from breaking loads shall be contained. Plug and receptacle shall incorporate arc
quenching design of the main contacts with means of delaying full withdrawal until extinction is
complete,
(d) outlets shall have a spring hinged cover to prevent the ingress of moisture and dust.
3.17.6 Indoor non-circuit breaking type convenience outlets shall be of the grounding type, but shall accept 2-
wire non-polarised plugs.
Where a turnaround power source is available, panels supplying convenience outlets shall be supplied
from this source.
3.17.7 Branch circuits supplying outlets for general use shall have an ampacity not less than the ampere rating
Rev 0 1999
of the largest receptacle supplied by the circuit. Not more than six outlets shall be supplied by one
circuit.
Branch circuits supplying outlets for general use shall be protected by ground fault interruptors (GFI).
4.0 CONSTRUCTION
4.1 Materials
4.1.1 Power distribution equipment shall be preferably of the Vendor/Contractor's standard type and all
hardware (screws, bolts, washers, nuts, etc) for fastening components together, in particular all hardware
with diameter of 0.5" (10 mm) or less, shall be stainless steel or bronze, unless otherwise dictated by
ambient requirements.
Large size greater than 0.5" (10 mm) hardware and foundation hardware in cadmium coated or
galvanised carbon steel will be acceptable.
The use of other types of construction material requires the approval of the Owner.
4.1.2 Characteristics of Materials
The characteristics of materials shall be suitable for the place of installation and operating conditions.
All the individual components shall be suitable for the environmental conditions stated in GES A.06. It
will be necessary to consider all environmental factors which may effect the life of materials and safety
conditions such as:
- minimum and maximum temperatures,

- effects of temperature and humidity,
- elevation continuous duty,
- corrosive substances and pollutions,
- solid matters, sand, dust,
- solar radiation and wind,
- danger of explosion or fire.
The use of standardised materials available on the market shall be maximised.
The equipment and material forming part of the same supply shall be of the same type for similar
functions, for example, relays, instruments, auxiliaries, etc.
4.2 Component Type Selection
4.2.1 Power Transformers
4.2.1.1 Power transformers for outdoor locations shall be oil immersed.
Power transformers for indoor locations supplying process units, may be of either the non-flammable
liquid filled type or dry type. Other power transformers for indoor locations supplying general service
type loads such as shops or office buildings, shall be as follows:
(a) for clean above-grade locations, ventilated dry type,
(b) for dirty or below-grade locations, hermetically sealed dry type,

Rev 0 1999
(c) when dry types are not available, the non-flammable liquid type.
4.2.1.2 Power transformer installations, located outdoors are preferred. The use of indoor applications, and
other than liquid filled transformers, requires the approval of the Owner. Dry type transformers shall be
equipped with overvoltage protection when connected to systems above 600 V.
For liquid filled transformers, the type of liquid preservation system shall be specified. Sealed tank,
conservator or conservator/diaphragm types are acceptable.
Sealed tank transformers are preferred. The use of other types of construction requires the approval of
the Owner.
4.2.1.3 Enclosed terminals and connections are required for all power transformers, except as follows:
(a) Transformers fed by bare wire lines.
(b) Transformers in open bus switchyards.
The use of transformers with open terminals and connections requires the approval of the Owner.
4.2.1.4 Power transformers without on-load tap changing shall have four 2.5% full capacity taps for de-
energised operation. Tap changer shall be externally operable. Taps shall be arranged to have an
adjustment both up and down so that rated voltage may be obtained at the secondary terminals when
normal primary voltage is applied. For average conditions, an arrangement of two taps above and two
taps below rated primary voltage is suitable. If the rated secondary voltage is the same as the utilisation
device rated voltage, then all taps shall be below rated primary voltage.
Tap changer shall be operable from grade.
4.2.2 Lighting Transformers
4.2.2.1 Lighting transformers for outdoor locations shall be compound filled, encapsulated or hermetically
sealed dry type with weather-proof enclosures. The oil immersed type shall be used where dry types are
not available.
Lighting transformers for indoor locations shall be dry type. Ventilated types are not permitted for dirty
or below-grade locations.
4.2.2.2 Lighting transformer primary and secondary terminals shall be enclosed in junction boxes, or a common
terminal chamber having adequate wiring space for connections. All secondary leads shall be fully
insulated and brought outside the transformer.
Lighting transformer taps. Lighting transformers shall have four full-capacity 2½% taps, two above and
two below the rated primary voltage.
4.2.3 Metal Clad Switchgear
4.2.3.1 Outdoor switchgear shall be of the protected aisle (walk in) type, if available.
Metal clad switchgear installations indoor are preferred, the use of outdoor applications requires the
approval of the Owner.
Certified electrical matting shall be provided in floors in front of switchgear.
4.2.3.2 Metal enclosed bus duct is preferred for connection between transformer secondary terminals and
switchgear.
Rev 0 1999
Medium and high voltage switchgear circuit breakers shall be as follows:
(a) vacuum circuit breakers are preferred for medium and high voltage installations,
(b) compressed air (air blast), magnetic arc chute type air or gas filled circuit breakers may be
proposed for Owner approval,
(c) bulk oil circuit breakers are acceptable only where the types listed in subparagraph (a) above are
not available, or for extension of existing outdoor installations. The use of bulk oil circuit
breakers requires the approval of the Owner.
4.2.3.3 Space for future extension of switchgear assemblies at both ends shall be provided in the substation.
Space shall be sufficient for at least two vertical sections, if additional space is required, it shall be
detailed in the job specification.
Spare circuit breaker cubicles shall be fully equipped for future addition of circuit breakers without
further modification to the assembly.
4.2.4 Motor Controllers
4.2.4.1 Electric motor valve actuators. Controllers for block valves designated as RBV Type C or Type D used
in emergency isolation or shutdown, and liquid pull-down or vapour blowdown services, shall meet the
following:
(a) motor overload protection, if furnished, shall be deactivated,
(b) separate overcurrent protection for control circuit conductors, if furnished, shall be deactivated,
(c) separate overcurrent protection for control power transformers, if furnished, shall be deactivated.
4.2.4.2 Controller requirements are specifically outlined for squirrel-cage induction motors, however, all
applicable requirements of this section shall be followed in selecting controllers for other motor types.
One low control voltage release with manual reset shall be located in each DC controlled circuit breaker
used for motor control.
4.2.4.3 Grouping. It is preferred that the controllers for motors in an area be grouped, as in switchgear, control
centres and switch-racks.
Space for future extension of motor control assemblies shall be provided in the substation. Space shall
be sufficient for at least two vertical sections, if additional space is required it shall be detailed in the job
specification. Spare spaces in motor control assemblies shall be fully equipped starter spaces to
complete the balance of the assembly. A complete wiring harness shall be provided for spare spaces in
medium voltage control centres.
Certified electrical matting shall be provided on floors in front of motor controllers.
4.2.4.4 Motor protection for individually enclosed controllers shall be the same as provided for controllers in
switchgear and control centres.
Thermal overload relays in controllers shall be of the ambient compensated type.
Overload relays for motor controllers shall, if available, be of the type which can be adjusted to either
Rev 0 1999
hand or automatic reset. If adjustable relays are not available, hand reset types shall be used.
4.2.5 Medium Voltage Motor Controllers (601-15,000 V)
Electrically operated draw-out circuit breakers located in medium voltage switchgear are acceptable.
Magnetically-held air-break or vacuum contactors with current-limiting fuses are preferred.
Magnetically-held vacuum switches are acceptable, only with specific approval of the Owner, based on
satisfactory performance record and data relative to surge voltages produced.
4.2.6 Low Voltage Motor Controllers (600 V and below)
4.2.6.1 Electrically operated draw-out air circuit breakers are acceptable for motors in continuous service larger
than 100 HP (75 kW).
4.2.6.2 Magnetically operated air-break starters with circuit breakers shall be used for motors 100 HP (75 kW)
if low voltage switchgear is not installed for other reasons, or if protective relay co-ordination can be
obtained.
Combination starters having the circuit breaker and magnetic starter in the same enclosure shall be
specified.
4.2.6.3 Motor Control Centres (MCCs) consisting of assemblies of combination starters are preferred for
mounting the starters in substations. When the starter is withdrawn from its stationary enclosure, the
line side shall be disconnected. Consideration shall be given to mounting motor control centres on 4"
(100 mm) channel iron sections (or concrete sill) to ensure that there is adequate space at the bottom for
wiring and conduit seals, however, with the use of non-explosion-proof seals (compound brushings) the
additional space is likely not needed.
4.2.6.4 Outdoor switch-racks shall be equipped with combination starters and circuit breakers of "spin top"
construction for classified locations, the use of enclosures utilising "bolted cover" construction shall be
approved by the Owner. In unclassified areas, combination starters and circuit breakers shall be of
aluminium, stainless-steel or fibreglass (or equivalent) construction. The enclosures shall have
stainless-steel hardware and captive fasteners. Use of outdoor switch-racks shall be approved by the
Owner.
4.2.6.5 Manually operated air-break starters locally mounted near motor, and supplied from separate circuit
breakers, are acceptable only for fractional horsepower, single phase motors in services where tripping
on undervoltage is not desired. Manual starters shall be located in sight of and near the motor in a
position providing safe and convenient operation.
Motor starter circuit breakers shall be rated to interrupt or safely close on the system fault current.
Motor starters shall be capable of interrupting motor locked rotor current.
4.2.6.6 An individual circuit breaker shall be provided for each motor controlled by a starter. An exception is
that a common circuit breaker may be used to supply starters for two or more motors under the
following conditions, provided that use of the common circuit breaker does not reduce the flexibility of
maintenance or operation:
(a) where a number of motors drive several parts of a single machine or piece of apparatus,
(b) where a number of motors not critical to process operations each not exceeding 1 HP (0.75 kW) is
under the protection of the circuit breaker,
Rev 0 1999
(c) where a number of motor operated valves not critical to process operations with built-in starters
are located in the same general location,
(d) terminal boxes, and similar distribution points used to supply multiple motors from a single feeder
shall be mounted in an accessible location and clearly labelled to identify each motor supplied
from that point.
4.2.6.7 Power factor capacitors shall be added as necessary to minimise the electrical power. Larger, higher
voltage capacitor banks are generally more economical than capacitor units installed with individual
motors.
4.2.7 Switchgear Control Power
4.2.7.1 A dedicated and reliable source of control power shall be provided for all switchgear to close
electrically-operated circuit breakers and trip circuit breakers having shunt trips for protective relays or
remote operation.
4.2.7.2 A common control power source may be used only for two or more switchgear assemblies located inside
the same substation building, or for two or more adjacent outdoor switchgear equipments.
Acceptable systems are as follows:
(a) DC close, DC trip (preferred),
(b) AC close, capacitor trip (as required to match existing installations for extensions or for single
breaker installations),
(c) AC close, AC trip (only for low voltage breakers with direct acting trips).
Where capacitor trip is used, a separate device shall be used for each circuit breaker. Provision of
capacitor monitoring is strongly recommended.
4.2.7.3 In AC closing power systems, control power transformer or control source shall be on supply side of the
supply circuit breakers to permit electrical closing of all breakers served by the transformer or source.
4.2.7.4 In a secondary selective or spot network substation, if AC closing is used, control power shall be
arranged to maintain power at the tie breaker under all switching conditions.
DC control power shall be supplied by batteries and chargers.
Maintenance free-lead calcium batteries shall be used.
Battery capacity at minimum design ambient temperature (usually 41°F (5°C)) shall be capable of
supplying the following loads for eight hours with the charger off:
- switchgear normal loads (relays, pilot lights)
and then permit the more demanding of the following breaker operations:
(a) close (or trip, in the case of tripping batteries) all breakers in rapid succession with a minimum
time interval of 3 seconds between breaker closing operations,
Rev 0 1999
(b) simultaneous automatic transfers of all secondary selective substations whose breakers receive
control power from the battery.
Batteries for control power shall have covers which are sealed to the cell jar or container. Covers shall
also be sealed at terminal posts. Vent plugs shall be spray-proof.
Automatic chargers shall be provided for batteries. Chargers shall be of the solid-state type, capable of
rated output with input voltage tolerance of ±10% and input frequency tolerance of ±5%.
Chargers for batteries shall have adjustable constant current for initial recharge, with automatic change
to adjustable controlled voltage for end-of-charge, floating and equalising. Output shall be equal to the
battery continuous load plus 30-35% of the battery 8-hour discharge rate. Charger shall have a DC
voltmeter and ammeter.
Distribution panel and ground detector shall be provided for each control battery. The panel shall also
provide circuit breakers or fused disconnect switches for battery main leads and for each feeder,
including feeders supplying the charger, test and inspection station and each switchgear control power
bus.
Feeder circuit breaker trip elements or fuses provided in the battery distribution panel shall be selective
with the branch circuit protective devices in the switchgear. Battery main disconnect protective device
shall be selective with the panel feeder devices and, if a breaker, may be non-automatic.
Ground detector shall have a pilot light or meter indication for ground faults in the control power
systems.
Alarms shall be provided for AC and DC undervoltage and ground conditions in the control power
system.
4.2.8 Motor Control Circuits
4.2.8.1 Where electrically operated controllers are used, motors shall be controlled by:
(a) "start/stop" control stations located in sight of and near the motor, or
(b) automatic devices (such as float switch).
4.2.8.2 Undervoltage protection shall be provided for all motors having electrically operated controllers, except
undervoltage release may be provided for application where instantaneous automatic restart after a
voltage dip or loss of any duration will not endanger personnel or cause equipment damage. Such
applications shall be reviewed by the Owner.
Note:
Motors having undervoltage release will re-accelerate in the first re-acceleration step. The total HP
(kW) of motors having undervoltage release may be limited by voltage drop.
4.2.8.3 A selector switch shall be located in sight of, and near each motor controlled by an automatic device
("start/stop" not required). Switch shall have three maintained positions labelled HAND-OFF-AUTO.
Switch shall provide the following operations:
(a) HAND: motor can be started manually from a local start control station,
(b) OFF: motor is stopped and cannot be restarted automatically or manually,

Rev 0 1999
(c) AUTO: motor is under control of the automatic device.
Selector switch shall have provisions for padlocking in the OFF position.
Other arrangements providing the equivalent control may be proposed for the Owner's approval.
4.2.8.4 When the selector switch bypasses safety devices in the HAND position, a legible nameplate shall be
mounted at the selector switch. The nameplate shall be engraved as follows (black letters on yellow
background):
WARNING - PROTECTION AGAINST

(- describe conditions -)
BYPASSED WHEN OPERATING
IN "HAND" POSITION
Where remote "start/stop" control stations are provided to control a motor in addition to the local station,
a legible nameplate shall be mounted at the local station engraved as follows (black letters on yellow
background):
WARNING - MOTOR CAN BE STARTED FROM

REMOTE STATION. ENSURE ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT TO MOTOR IS DE-ENERGISED
AND LOCKED OPEN BEFORE
WORKING ON MOTOR OR DRIVEN
EQUIPMENT
4.2.8.5 Equipment nameplates shall be provided at the local control station. Nameplates shall be engraved on
traffolyte (or equal), with black letters on a white background and shall be attached with corrosion
resistant screws. Nameplates shall identify the control station with the process service and number of
the controlled equipment.
4.2.8.6 "Start/Stop" control stations for all motors shall be arranged so that momentary operation of the stop
button stops the motor. Arrangements, where it is necessary to hold the stop position for the set time of
the motor undervoltage device, are not acceptable.
Control stations shall be either push-button or rotary shaft/rocker arm operated.
Control stations shall be factory sealed in classified areas, wherever possible. Control station "stop"
position shall have an attachment for a padlock.
Control stations shall be guarded against accidental operation, either through design or by field-mounted
guards. Non-actuation when a push-button is depressed flush with the surrounding ring constitutes
adequate guarding. Except in control rooms, guarding shall not prevent intentional operation with
gloved hand.
4.2.8.7 Emergency stop control stations on control house panels or similar panels shall meet the following:
(a) guards shall cover the operating button or arm,
(b) control shall be of the maintained contact type,

Rev 0 1999
(c) control wiring shall run directly from the control station to the motor controller. Wiring shall not
be routed through the motor location.
4.2.8.8 For three-wire control systems, the conductors from the push-button to the motor starters shall be
colour-coded as follows:
(a) red for stop.
(b) yellow for common.
(c) blue for start.
4.2.8.9 Motors on elevated equipment, such as air fin coolers, shall be controlled from grade-mounted control
stations equipped with pilot lights. If the motors are not within sight of, and within 25 ft (8 m) of grade-
mounted control stations, additional control stations shall be installed on platforms near the motors.
Time delay shall be provided when changing speed on two speed controllers or when reversing rotation
on reversing controllers. This shall apply to air fin exchangers, cooling tower fans, or similar
equipment. For two speed controllers, time delay shall be allowed between fast and slow speeds and for
reversing controllers, time delay shall be allowed when switching between forward and reverse or vice
versa.
4.2.8.10 Latched switching devices such as circuit breakers, used as motor starters, shall have the closing circuit
broken by all shutdown devices including stop control stations. This arrangement will ensure that
controller reclosing is blocked and not simply that re-tripping is provided.
4.2.8.11 Tank mixers shall have a start/stop control station with pilot light mounted outside the tank dike. Tank
mixers on floating roof tanks shall be stopped automatically if the liquid level is less than 3 ft (1 m)
above the top of the mixer propeller.
For the control of equipment such as pumps and valves, separate control conductors shall be provided
for each pump and valve. Common conductors are not permitted.
4.2.8.12 For the control interface with remote electric-powered devices, a 24 V DC control system shall be used,
unless otherwise specified in the job specification.
For other than telemetered control signals, this specification illustrates wiring for typical applications.
These circuits require modifications if high voltages are used, or if undervoltage protection or re-
acceleration is required.
All remote control circuitry shall use momentary contacts only.
4.2.8.13 It is preferred that undervoltage protection for all motors be automatically reset. For motors having
undervoltage protection that must be manually reset at the motor's local control station, a legible
nameplate shall be mounted on the front of the motor starter. The nameplate shall be engraved as
follows (black letters on white background):
OPERATE THE UNDERVOLTAGE

RESET LOCATED AT MOTOR AFTER ENERGISING STARTER
The use of undervoltage protection which must be manually reset requires the approval of the Owner.
Rev 0 1999
4.2.8.14 Motor space heaters when furnished shall be controlled by a normally open auxiliary contact of the motor
controller and a relay, located at the motor. Heaters shall be automatically de-energised when the motor is
running and automatically energised when the motor is not running. The space heaters shall be supplied
from a local transformer. The space heater control wiring between the controller and the field shall be
combined with the motor control wiring. The relay shall be energised from the motor controller.
4.3 Power Distribution Equipment Arrangement and Protection
4.3.1 Motor Supply and Re-acceleration
4.3.1.1 Full voltage starting shall be used for all motors, providing the following conditions are met:
(a) for motors having infrequent starting, the voltage drop during starting shall not exceed any of the
following values which would:
- prevent the motor's starter from remaining closed successfully during starting;
- cause starters of other motors to chatter or drop out;
- cause other motors to stall.
(b) for motors starting more frequently than once per hour, the voltage at the bus supplying the motors
does not drop below 90% of the system nominal voltage when these motors start individually.
(c) relays can be set to protect the motor and its feeder and to permit selective settings of upstream relays.
4.3.1.2 Full voltage starting, in addition to the requirements above shall be used for all motors provided the
following conditions are met:
(a) For motors having infrequent starting, the voltage at the bus supplying the motors does not drop
below 80% of the nominal system voltage when the motors are started individually, unless otherwise
approved by the Owner.
(b) The motor maximum permissible stall time is not to be exceeded when accelerating the driven
equipment.
4.3.1.3 Supply to very large motors shall be directly from the maximum voltage available within the facility. The
motor shall be designed to accommodate the maximum voltage directly, or shall be supplied via a directly
connected step-down captive transformer.
4.3.1.4 Supply to spare and multiple service motors. If motors are designated as "normal and spare", "2 or 3
normally running" or equivalent, or if 2 or more motors in the same service can operate independently for
partial service (as in air-cooled heat exchanger fans and paralleled cooling water circulation pumps), the
following shall govern:
(a) If such motors are fed directly from secondary selective or spot network busses, the supply to motors
of each service shall be divided between (or among) the busses.
(b) If such motors are fed from radially supplied busses (which may be supplied radially from secondary
selective or spot network substation busses), it is preferred that the supply to motors of each service
be divided between independently radially supplied busses; it is acceptable if they are supplied from a
common bus.
4.3.1.5 Bus maintainability with unspared critical motors. If it is specified that busses be maintained with a plant in
service, all unspared motors necessary to plant operation shall be arranged for alternate feed from two
busses. An acceptable arrangement is a controller cubicle on each bus, but only one controller for each
such motor, plus one spare controller (of each type used for such motors) for the plant. This requirement
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will normally be specified only for substations feeding two or more plants with staggered turnarounds, or
feeding plants likely to have unplanned turnarounds.
Warning signs shall be provided on the front and rear of each cubicle, warning of possible supply from the
alternate cubicle.
4.3.1.6 Bus extendability with unspared critical motors. If it is specified that busses be extendable with a plant in
service, and the busses feed unspared motors necessary to plant operation, one of the following shall be
provided:
(a) supply unspared critical motors as above, or
(b) provide sectionalising means at the end of each bus to permit addition of future equipment with the
bus in service. Spare circuit breaker cubicles are acceptable.
This requirement will normally be specified only for main substations, either substations or generating plant
busses.
4.3.1.7 Lighting panel boards shall not supply single-phase motors driving services defined as critical.
4.3.1.8 Motors designated as having re-acceleration requirements of Necessary (A) or Desirable (B) shall all be
automatically re-accelerated. Where re-acceleration in more than one step is required, motors (A) shall be
in earlier steps than motors (B). Step priority among motors having the same re-acceleration requirement
designation shall be based on process priorities to be specified.
Re-acceleration shall be provided for motors essential to the operation of the process. Re-acceleration in
more than one step may be required due to system voltage drop restrictions. Motor driven equipment
having automatically started turbine or diesel driven spares shall not be re-accelerated.
4.3.1.9 Electric motor valve actuators. Supply to block valves used in emergency isolation or shutdown, and liquid
pull-down or vapour blowdown service, shall meet the following:
(a) Supply shall be from a dual power source such as a secondary selective substation. Preferably, the
supply shall be taken from the substation supplying the facilities with which the valves are associated.
Otherwise, the valves shall be supplied from the essential services switchgear of the instrument
power supply for the facilities with which the valves are associated.
(b) The supply to a valve associated with a motor driven pump, compressor or other machine shall be
taken from a different bus than the bus supplying the machine's motor driver.
(c) Valves may be supplied directly from the substation by individual or from a bus remote from the
substation, such as a local switch-rack, which is supplied by dual feeders from separate busses in the
substation. Such remote busses shall have a local disconnecting means for each feeder, such as a
non-automatic circuit breaker, arranged for manual transfer and having interlocking to prevent
paralleling the two feeders.
(d) Voltage for each remote bus supplying emergency valves shall be supervised by a normally energised
relay having a normally open contact connected to a "Loss of Bus Voltage" alarm. Relays shall be
suitable for continuous operation at bus voltage without tendency to stick in the energised position
and shall be time delay on drop-out. Time delay shall be long enough to prevent operation on
transient voltage dips.
4.3.1.10 When specified, a single large motor may be supplied from a captive transformer. The transformer's
primary circuit breaker shall serve as the motor controller and shall be located in the substation from which
the transformer is supplied. The feeder to a captive transformer shall not supply any other load.
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4.3.2 Bus Sectionalising
In secondary selective substations, bus sectionalising shall be provided by a normally-open bus tie circuit
breaker. The loads shall be divided so as to load each supply equally, (insofar as possible).
Spot network substations shall have a normally closed bus sectionalising device such as a circuit breaker,
dummy breaker or switch.
4.3.3 Neutral Grounding
Reference shall be made to GES L.25, but in general the Neutral of all power systems originating within the
plant shall be grounded as follows:
(a) directly to ground, at and only at the supply transformer, at 240 V and below,
(b) through high resistance for systems 480 V,
(c) through low resistance for systems up to 34.8 kV,
(d) proposals for ungrounded neutrals, and neutrals that are grounded through reactance, or Petersen
coils (ground fault neutralisers) shall be approved by the Owner.
Resistors used for neutral grounding shall limit current to as low a value as possible without going below
either of the following:
(a) fifteen times the lowest reliable operating current of the least sensitive outgoing feeder ground
relaying,
(b) five times the lowest reliable operating current of bus ground relaying.
Note:
Depending on relay characteristics, lowest reliable operating current may be higher than relay pick-up
settings. Lowest reliable operating current is 1.5 times pick-up for most induction type time delay relays.
4.3.4 Tapped Feeders
4.3.4.1 Two or more transformers may be fed from one feeder circuit breaker. Actual cable taps shall not be used.
Instead, parallel terminations for incoming and on-going cables shall be provided.
One feeder circuit breaker used for more than one transformer shall be approved by the Owner.
4.3.4.2 Primary disconnection means shall be provided at each transformer when one feeder services two or more
transformers. The type of disconnection means shall be as follows:
(a) if a feeder serves only secondary selective or spot network substations or both, removable air-
immersed links are sufficient,
(b) radial substations on tapped feeders shall be provided with primary disconnect switches,
(c) if a feeder feeds secondary selective or spot network substations or both and also feeds radial
substations, then primary disconnect switches shall be furnished for both transformers of each
secondary selective or spot network substation. For example, if one feeder feeds half of two
secondary selective substations, and a second feeder feeds the other half of those substations, plus a
radial substation, all five transformers require disconnect switches.
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Primary disconnect switches are preferred, use of removable links requires approval of the Owner.
If links are used, or switches without interrupting capability or adequate making capacity, it will be
necessary to de-energise the entire feeder during the disconnecting and recommending operations. Key or
electrical interlocks shall be provided to assure safe procedure.
Key interlocks are preferred, use of electrical interlocks requires the approval of the Owner.
4.3.4.3 Protective relaying for feeder circuit breakers supplying tapped feeders shall be selective with protective
devices on the secondary side of all transformers connected to the feeder and shall be set not to operate for
non-fault conditions such as total magnetising inrush, motor re-acceleration and maximum load currents of
all transformers connected to the feeder.
Primary side protection shall be provided for any transformer on tapped feeders where transformer rating is
too small to permit protection by the relaying of the feeder circuit breaker supplying the tapped feeder.
Minimum acceptable protection shall be:
(a) Prevent transformer damage by secondary through-fault currents, i.e. operate within a safe time
period for through-fault currents so that the transformer's short circuit withstand capability is not
exceeded.
(b) Provide secondary bus phase fault protection, ie, operate reliably in less than 2 seconds at 50% of
minimum secondary bolted phase fault current.
Primary side protection, unless specified otherwise by Owner, shall be provided for transformers whose
self-cooled ratings are:
(a) for transformers with impedance of 6% or less; less than half the sum of the self-cooled ratings of all
the transformers connected to the feeder,
(b) for transformers with impedance above 6%; less than half the sum of the self-cooled ratings of all
transformers connected to the feeder multiplied by the ratio of the subject transformer's impedance to
an impedance of 6%.
For transformers smaller than 500 kVA on tapped feeders, primary side protection (when required as
above) may be current limiting fuses.
4.3.4.4 For transformers 500 kVA and larger on tapped feeders, primary side protection, when required, shall be 3-
phase overcurrent relays (not 2-phase and ground). The relays shall be energised from current transformers
located on or in the power transformer primary bushings or cable ends, and be arranged to transfer trip the
primary feeder breaker through a lockout relay 86T. (The primary protection relay trip contacts shall be in
parallel with trip contacts of relays 51G and 63). This relay should be set to provide secondary bus phase-
fault protection. See GES L.01 for the explanation of these relay types.
As an alternative, for Owner approval, primary side protection by means of current limiting primary fuses.
However, this alternative is not considered to provide adequate secondary bus phase-fault protection and
must be supplemented by secondary protection. The secondary protection shall consist either of:
(a) overcurrent relaying in 3-phases, energised from secondary side current transformers preferably in or
on the power transformer secondary phase bushings, or
(b) the protective devices of a main secondary breaker.
4.3.5 Protection of Primary-Fused Transformers
4.3.5.1 Protection against 1-phase supply shall be provided for each of the following classes of transformers if
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fuses contribute to their side protection:
(a) transformers of any size in primary and secondary selective, and spot network substations.
(b) transformers 500 kVA and larger in radial substations.
Anti-single-phase protection shall meet the following:
(a) protection schemes using 3-phase undervoltage relays to sense voltage unbalance and 3-phase current
relays to sense current unbalance are not acceptable,
(b) negative sequence voltage relaying on secondary side is acceptable. Relay to be network filter type
equal to GE type NBV or Westinghouse Type CVQ. An auxiliary time delay shall be provided to
prevent unnecessary operation of the anti-single-phase protection scheme during system transient
disturbances,
(c) mechanical sensing of blown fuse ("trigger fuse" or fuse with striker pin) is acceptable,
(d) protection shall cause opening of primary 3-phase load-break device (such as contactor) for
transformers fed individually,
(e) for radial and spot network transformers on tapped feeders, protection shall cause alarm,
(f) for secondary selective on tapped feeders, protection shall initiate automatic transfer. If automatic
transfer is blocked, alarm shall be caused.
4.3.6 Main Secondary and Incoming Breakers
4.3.6.1 Radial and primary selective substation main secondary breakers shall be omitted only if both the following
are provided by other names:
(a) emergency de-energisation of main bus,
(b) main bus fault protection.
Emergency de-energisation of the main bus may be accomplished by one of the following:
(a) primary breaker in same room,
(b) load break transformer primary disconnect switch,
(c) manual initiation of 86T transfer trip relay.
4.3.6.2 Main bus fault protection may be provided in absence of main secondary breaker by one of the following:
(a) relaying of primary breaker if transformer is at least 50% of breaker load,
(b) transformer primary relaying transfer tripping primary breaker,
(c) transformer secondary relaying transfer tripping primary breaker.
Main secondary or incoming breakers are required at spot network substations and at secondary selective
substations having automatic transfer.
Main incoming breakers for radial substations fed directly at bus voltage may be omitted under any of the
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following conditions:
(a) there is a load-break incoming switch,
(b) manual transfer tripping of the source breaker is provided,
(c) the source breaker is in the same room.
Phase overcurrent relays or direct acting trip devices are required for all substation main secondary and
incoming breakers to provide main bus fault protection. Ground fault overcurrent is also required for
breakers of substations with low resistance of solidly grounded neutrals.
Direct acting trips used to provide main bus fault protection requires the approval of the Owner.
4.3.7 Other Transformer Relaying (See GES L.01 for Explanation of Relay Types)
4.3.7.1 Fault pressure relaying (63) shall be furnished on transformers larger than 1500 kVA where it is possible to
trip primary breaker or controller.
4.3.7.2 Neutral back-up relaying (51G). Ground fault relaying shall be applied to substations 500 kVA or larger
having low resistance or solidly grounded neutrals. The ground fault relaying, operating from a current
transformer in the power transformer neutral, shall trip the primary breaker or controller.
Deletion of ground fault relaying on substations smaller than 500 kVA requires the approval of the Owner.
4.3.7.3 For transformers fed by bare wire lines, protection shall be provided where necessary to prevent energising
the primary line from the transformer secondary. This protection is required for spot network substations
and for in-plant with own generation, where there is not inter-tripping between supply breaker and
transformer main secondary breaker. Protection shall consist of directional power relaying sensitive
enough to detect transformer core loss when fed from the secondary. The relay shall be equal to General
Electric Type CCP13D or equivalent.
4.3.7.4 Differential relaying. When specified, differential relay protection shall be provided and shall trip the
transformer primary feeder circuit breaker, and the main secondary breaker through a lockout relay 86T
(the differential relay trip contacts shall be in parallel with the trip contacts of relays 51G and 63).
Differential relays shall be of the high speed type and shall have harmonic restraint to prevent incorrect
operation by transformers magnetising inrush current.
Transformers shall also be fitted with Winding Temperature alarms and trip facilities and where relevant
(oil filled), Oil Temperature and Level alarms and trip facilities.
4.3.8 Substation Bus Arrangements
4.3.8.1 Substation busses shall be arranged to minimise the number of circuit breakers used between the main bus
and sub-busses to permit protective relay settings which ensure fast clearing of bus faults. In general, and
especially at 600 volts and below, it is more desirable to minimise arcing damage by fast fault clearing than
to provide additional security through subdivision of the distribution system.
Bussing arrangements shall be as follows:
(a) for radial substations, a single bus supplying all branch circuits whose protective devices are all in the
same first step of co-ordination,
(b) for secondary selective and spot network substations, 2 busses each supplying branch circuits whose
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protective devices are all in the first step of co-ordination,
(c) bus transition cubicles or bus duct shall be used to interconnect, unlike equipment in the same room,
such as switchgear and control centres, when so required by a subparagraph (a) or (b) above.
4.3.8.2 Situations requiring use of sub-bus feeder breakers (or acceptable alternatives), and the conditions of their
use are as follows:
(a) For substations serving two or more process units which are specified to operate independently of
each other. As an alternative to the arrangements in the paragraph above and for approval by the
Owner, separate the loads of each process unit onto separate sub-busses, each fed by a feeder breaker
in the main switchgear. The sub-bus feeder breakers shall be protective devices which are selective
with the sub-bus branch feeder protective devices and the main switchgear protection.
(b) Feeders to remotely located busses shall be protected by circuit breakers in the main switchgear
having selective protective devices.
(c) If cable is used to supply a sub-bus from an upstream bus which is located in the same adjacent room
(or outdoor switchgear assembly), a means of disconnecting the supply end of the cable shall be
provided. If sub-bus feeder breakers per subparagraph (a) above are not used, the means of
disconnecting the supply end of the cable shall be non-automatic, such as a circuit breaker without
protective devices, or a load break switch of adequate momentary and making capacity.
(d) Feeders to turnaround power centre shall be protected by circuit breakers having selective protective
devices when either:
(1) turnaround power centres are supplied from busses which have feeder breakers supplying
control centres, or
(2) fuses are not permitted for low voltage motor controllers.
Otherwise, fused switches or fused contactors are acceptable as protection for turnaround power
centre feeders, provided the feeder fuses are selective with the feeder protective devices in the
turnaround power centre.
4.3.8.3 Fused switches or fused contactors used as protection for turnaround power centres require the approval of
the Owner.
Circuit breakers, switches and contactors whose load side terminals can be energised when in the position
from a source outside their own switchgear or control centre assembly shall be identified by a legible
nameplate mounted on the front of their compartment.
Breakers in a secondary selective substation supplying a turnaround power centre are an example of this
requirement. The nameplate shall be engraved as follows (black letters on yellow background):
WARNING (Note) LOAD SIDE MAY BE ENERGISED WHEN IN OPEN POSITION
(Note: Fill in circuit breaker, switch, contactor identification as applicable.)
Nameplates, as required by the above paragraph, shall also be provided on the rear of the compartment.
4.3.9 Feeder Relaying
4.3.9.1 Time and instantaneous phase overcurrent tripping shall be provided for feeder breakers requiring relaying
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(Section 4.3.8), except that instantaneous tripping shall be omitted if relaying exists downstream without
significant intervening impedance. If the only downstream protection with which the feeder relaying must
co-ordinate is fuses, instantaneous phase overcurrent tripping shall be furnished if selectivity can be
achieved. This requires that the instantaneous trip setting be 70% of the peak let-through current of the
largest anticipated fuse, and that fuse be current limiting at the fault level of the system where it is located.
4.3.9.2 Ground fault protection, energised residually or from a zero sequence current transformer, is required or
preferred as stated below for feeder breakers requiring relaying (Section 4.3.8):
(a) required in substations with low resistance grounded neutrals,
(b) preferred in all substations with solidly grounded neutrals.
Ground fault relay shall be instantaneous if energised from a zero sequence current transformer and if no
fuses or relays exist downstream which can sense the same ground fault. Otherwise, time delay relays shall
be used, definite time type or the least inverse characteristic available.
4.3.9.3 Feeders to radial substations with transformer fault pressure relaying (63) or neutral back-up relaying (51G)
or both shall be transfer tripped through lockout relays (86T) at the substation. The lockout relays shall be
provided with mechanical or electrical means for manual initiation. If there is no control power battery at
the radial substation, shunt type lockout relays may require local capacitors to assist in tripping.
In this case, capacitor charging shall be provided by:
(a) a local rectifier and also by pilot wire feeding through a blocking diode from the source substation
control battery, or
(b) a capacitor trip device with charging rectifier, plus a built-in replaceable battery and battery charging
circuit. Battery shall have capacity to maintain the capacitor at full charge for a minimum time of 72
hours after loss of AC power to the capacitor charging rectifier. Battery shall also be capable of
recharging the capacitor to a safe tripping voltage in less than 20 minutes during the time AC power
is off.
Capacitor charging shall be by alternative (b) above; use of alternative (a) requires the approval of the
Owner. Manual initiation of the lockout relay shall be provided by a push-button.
4.3.9.4 Overload versus fault protection, as used in discussing selectivity, refers to the parts of relay, device, or fuse
time current characteristics respectively above and below 2 seconds.
Types and settings of protective relays, direct acting trip devices and fuses shall be selected to achieve
selectivity and provide back-up protection as specified below:
Protection Further From the Selectivity and Back-up by Protection Nearer the Source
Source
Overload Phase Fault Ground Fault
Overload See Note 1 Not applicable Not applicable
Phase Fault (inherent) See Note 2 See Note 3
Ground Fault (inherent) Required Required
Notes:
1. Selectivity between overload relaying shall be provided, except that zones of non-selectivity up to 1.5
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in current ratio are acceptable to achieve sensitive and fast fault clearing.
2. Selectivity is required between upstream and downstream phase fault relaying, except that zones of
non-selectivity up to 1.5 in current ratio are acceptable to achieve sensitive and fast upstream fault
clearing. See Figure 11.1.
3. Selectivity between upstream ground fault relaying and downstream phase fault relaying is
unnecessary if there is ground fault relaying at the downstream location. If there is none, selectivity
is required up to at least 0.3 seconds and should be sacrificed above 0.3 seconds, only if necessary to
achieve reasonable sensitivity of upstream ground fault protection (see Figure 11.2).
4.3.9.5 Back-up phase and ground fault protection is required for all fault locations, except for ground faults in
transformer main secondary connections with impedance grounding of the secondary. Back-up protection
for ground faults in transformer main secondary connections with solidly grounded secondary need not be
sensitive to faults with large arc voltage component.
Required back-up is inherent in the relaying when properly applied, but may need to be provided specially
for other situations. For example, generating plants with machine or bus differential relaying, or both, will
need additional relaying to provide back-up. Transformer fault pressure relaying shall be considered a part
of the protective relaying when judging need for additional back-up.
4.3.9.6 Transformer feeders. Overcurrent protection for primary feeders to power transformers shall consist of an
overcurrent relay in each phase. A ground overcurrent relay shall also be provided if the supply system is
solidly or low resistance grounded.
5.0 NEMA/IEC DIFFERENCES
5.1 General
This specification is primarily written for equipment manufactured in accordance with the American
(NEMA) Standards.
If it is necessary or advantageous to purchase equipment in accordance with International (IEC) Standards,

the specification can still be utilised but the salient differences occurring should be noted as detailed below.
5.2 Salient Differences
This section does not attempt to list every difference between American (NEMA) standards and IEC
standards, but covers only those salient differences that could affect the final installation if not properly
addressed during the design phase.
5.2.1 Units - SI Units
The NEMA Standards in many cases utilise imperial units (feet, pounds, degrees fahrenheit, etc), whilst the
IEC Standards utilise SI units (metres, grammes, degrees celsius, etc).
Note:
For electrical equipment, the (American) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) have
recommended that the use of the imperial (British-American) units in use be reduced as rapidly as possible
in favour of the SI units, with certain implementations such as the use of horsepower being phased out first.
5.2.2 Cable Conductor Cross Sectional Area (CSA)
IEC cable CSA's are always in metric dimensions (mm2). American conductor sizes are often American
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Wire Gauge (AWG) for the smaller sizes and circular mils (c.mil) for larger sizes. However because
circular mil is a term universally used in the USA and based on the mil (one thousandth of an inch), this
specification refers solely to c.mil and not to AWG.
5.2.3 Grounding
Concerned with the nature and location of an intentional electrical interconnection between the Electrical
System Conductors and Ground.
In British Practice, the terms "Grounding" and "Ground" are replaced by "Earthing" and "Earth".
6.0 INSPECTION
6.1 Procedures
(a) The Vendor/Contractor shall allow the Inspector free access to all areas of manufacture, fabrication,
assembly and testing.
(b) The Vendor/Contractor always has the responsibility to provide adequate quality control and
inspection of equipment and materials as defined in ISO 9000. Any inspection by Owner or his
Inspector shall not relieve the Vendor of these responsibilities or those under his guarantees.
(c) Any defects noticed in the course of fabrication shall be brought to the attention of the Inspector who
shall decide if the faulty material or workmanship should be repaired or rejected.
(d) If inspection is waived, the required data shall be forwarded to the Owner. If submission of data is
not requested, all data shall be retained by the Vendor/Contractor for issue to the Owner or Owner on
demand, for at least five years.
(e) The Vendor/Contractor shall provide a safe working environment for the Inspector and alert the
Inspector of potential hazards.
6.2 Scope
6.2.1 The inspection requirements are covered by the document "General Conditions of Purchase" which forms
part of the Purchase Order/Contract. Additional requirements are given below:
6.2.2 Inspector shall inspect the equipment to ensure that it complies with the requirements of the latest revision
of this specification and Data Sheets, drawings or other attachments to the material requisition, and the
latest revision of the Vendor/Contractor's documentation and data relating to the specific material
requisition.
6.2.3 All shopwork and testing of the equipment shall be carried out to the complete satisfaction of the Inspector,
but his approval shall not relieve the Vendor/Contactor of the responsibility for the guarantees covered in
the Purchase Order/Contract.
In particular, at least the following shall be checked:
(a) rating plate details,
(b) certification/approvals markings,
(c) dimensions,
(d) terminal box(es) location, size and cable entries,

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(e) terminals,
(f) mounting arrangement,
(g) grounding terminal(s) size and location,
(h) accessories,
(i) equipment tag number.
Inspector shall ensure that any shortcomings in the Vendor/Contractor's documentation or data are rectified
before any equipment or material is accepted for shipment.
6.3 Nameplates
6.3.1 Information to be given in All Cases
Nameplates shall be engraved with black letters on white background.
Nameplates shall be permanently fixed, and include the following minimum information:
(a) manufacturer's name,

(b) model designation,
(c) order no,
(d) item no,
(e) plant designation no.
Note:
All instruments and apparatus used in the performance of the tests shall have been calibrated to an agreed
standard at a laboratory of national standing within a period of 15 months of the test date.
The cost of carrying out such calibrations shall be borne by the Vendor/Contractor in all cases.
7.0 TESTING
7.1 Statutory Tests
Tests shall be performed in accordance with the applicable codes, the requirements of the Data Sheets and
include as a minimum the following Routine Tests.
7.2 Routine Tests
7.2.1 The Vendor/Contractor's basic routine witnessed factory tests are required and shall include but not be
limited to the following tests to ensure that the specification for the equipment has been met at the rated
environmental conditions:
- as detailed in the relevant individual equipment specifications.
Subsequent to these tests, the acceptance or rejection of the units will be at the discretion of the Inspector.
7.3 Test Procedures
7.3.1 In all cases the Vendor/Contractor shall submit his test procedures in writing to the Owner for approval
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prior to the start of the testing programme.
7.4 Site Acceptance Test Requirements
7.4.1 Test Schedules
The Vendor/Contractor shall submit a schedule of Site Acceptance Tests that are to be undertaken to ensure
that the equipment is satisfactory.
The test schedules shall be approved by the Owner. There shall be a separate set of acceptance tests for the
equipment supplied.
7.4.2 Initial Acceptance Tests
The initial acceptance tests shall be performed by the Vendor/Contractor when all relevant equipment has
been installed.
7.4.3 Final Acceptance Tests
Fourteen days after the systems have been put into service, or fourteen days after the initial acceptance
tests, whichever is the earliest, the Final Acceptance Tests shall be effected by the Vendor/Contractor, and
be witnessed by the Inspector.
7.5 Test Certificates
7.5.1 Test Certificates
Final acceptance of the system will be given following satisfactory Final Acceptance Tests.
All copies of test certificates shall be furnished with final drawings as called for in documentation section.
The Final Acceptance Tests shall be witnessed by the Inspector who shall retain one copy of the certified
tests.
7.6 Test Equipment
7.6.1 Supply
The Vendor/Contractor shall supply a set of test equipment if it is required
7.6.2 Test Accessories
All necessary test leads, power cords and ancillaries shall be provided.
Note:
All instrument and apparatus used in the performance of the tests shall have been calibrated to an agreed
standard at a laboratory of National standing within the period of 15 months of the test date. The cost of
carrying out such calibrations shall be borne by the Vendor/Contractor in all cases.
8.0 DOCUMENTATION
8.1 Introduction
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8.1.1 This section covers the documentation required for the design, selection, fabrication, inspection and testing
for all the equipment, components and services to be provided against this specification.
8.1.2 The detailed list of documents that are required will be included with the Purchase Order/Contract, however
as a minimum the following listed documents will be provided by the Vendor/Contractor as and when
required by the Vendor Documentation Requirements (VDR) list:
. General Arrangement,
. Foundation Layout,
. Single Line Diagram,
. Schematic and block wiring diagrams,
See also Section 10.0 of this specification.
8.1.3 The documents as listed may be considered as a minimum requirement; all details to confirm compliance
with the relevant specifications, and to allow a full and continued appraisal to be made of the
Vendor/Contractor's proposals and interpretations of the ordered equipment, should be submitted in
accordance with the schedule specified in the Purchase Order/Contract.
8.1.4 Any production or procurement undertaken by the Vendor/Contractor which is prior to the relevant
documentation being submitted and reviewed by the Owner is at the Vendor/Contractors risk.
8.1.5 On all documentation the Purchase Order/Contract number, equipment title, tag number and project name
shall be quoted.
8.1.6 All documentation shall be checked and signed by the checker before submission.
8.2 Schedules and Reports
8.2.1 The Vendor/Contractor shall submit with his tender a preliminary quality control plan and proposals for
Factory acceptance and site acceptance tests.
8.2.2 The Vendor/Contractor shall include with his tender documentation a statement of proposed Sub-
Vendors/Sub-Contractors, a document submission schedule for all documents based on a review cycle of
three weeks and outline programme for procurement and production activities.
8.2.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall incorporate any revisions agreed with the Owner during the enquiry review
stage and submit revised tender documentation for approval.
8.2.4 Monthly reports shall be submitted by the Vendor/Contractor detailing design, procurement, production and
documentation activities, the format of which shall be agreed with the Owner.
8.3 Data and Calculations
8.3.1 The Vendor/Contractor shall supply with his tender completed Data Sheets containing all the relevant
information necessary for appraisal of the design by the Owner.
8.3.2 Project specific instructions will be issued to the Vendor/Contractor with the Purchase Order/Contract,
which describes the data and calculations to be submitted, and the methods of submission.
8.3.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining approvals from the Inspection Authority.
8.3.4 All calculations shall be carried out in clear and logical manner. Where conditions involve the use of
formulae or methods not specified in the Design Code, the source of these formulae or methods shall be
clearly referenced.
Rev 0 1999
8.3.5 Computer calculations will only be acceptable if all input is shown, together with calculated values of
intermediate terms and factors and options chosen, as well as final calculated dimensions, stresses or other
values and the computer program has been validated to the satisfaction of the Owner.
8.3.6 Calculations and drawings that are interdependent, i.e. foundation loading and equipment footprint, shall be
presented for appraisal together.
8.4 Drawings
8.4.1 The drawings listed with the Purchase Order/Contract shall be sent by the Vendor/Contractor to the Owner
and/or the Inspection Authority for review and approval.
8.4.2 The components and process to produce the ordered equipment shall be shown in sufficient detail to be
fully appraised eg, outline drawings, components list and schematic.
8.4.3 General arrangement drawings shall be to scale and show the relative location and main dimensions of all
components including elevations.
8.4.4 Detail drawings which may be included on the general arrangement shall include thicknesses and
dimensions of all components.
8.4.5 As-built drawings may be the general arrangement drawings marked-up with the actual as-built dimensions.
8.5 Final Records, Documents and Manuals
8.5.1 Two copies of the Data Dossier shall be supplied, and shall be a record of the manufacturing process.
Where stated in the Purchase Order/Contract; besides the electrical documents itemised in Section 8.1.2, it
shall contain the following:
- general arrangement drawing and bill of material,

- the quality control plan,
- material certificates,
- chemical analysis certificates,
- positive material identification certificates,
- schematic and wiring diagrams,
- NDT procedures and records,
- hazardous area certificates,
- performance test procedures, and test certificate,
- non-conformity records,
- approvals by the Independent Inspection Authority,
- certificate of conformity,
- Owner's release certificate.
8.5.2 Six sets of the Installation, Operations and Maintenance Manual (IOM) shall be specifically compiled for
the equipment supplied. A compendium of manufacturer's data for a range of like products is not
acceptable. The IOM shall contain the following:
- a description of the equipment, process and controls philosophy,

- the master document list and certified copies of key drawings,
- packing, shipping and site preservation instructions,
- step by step installation instructions,
- step by step pre-commissioning procedures,
- step by step commissioning procedures,
- normal start up, operating and shutdown procedures,
- step by step procedures for dismantling and re-assembly,
- normal operating and set point values for all instruments,
Rev 0 1999
- routine preventive maintenance schedule and major repair procedures,
- lubrication, chemicals, consumables schedule,
- list of special tools,
- spare parts ordering information,
- for PLCs, a copy of the programme and re-programming procedures.
The IOMs shall be presented in A4 format, and be securely bound in heavy duty 4 ring binders.
8.5.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall produce as built documents revised to indicate field changes.
8.5.4 The Vendor/Contractor shall supply one set of mylar original drawings.
8.5.5 Electronic Data Format (EDF)
All documentation (drawings, calculations and Data Sheets etc.) shall be produced by the
Vendor/Contractor in electronic format.
The format shall be compatible with that used by the Owner and shall be agreed at the commencement of
the contract.
In addition to the 'hard copies' required under the contract, copies of the electronic records shall be issued to
the Owner for all approved documentation, this forming part of the Vendor/Contractor's contractual
obligations.
9.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT
9.1 Painting and Coatings
All bare surfaces which are exposed during transit or storage shall be given a coat of temporary rust
inhibiting material.
Surface preparation, painting and painting materials shall be in accordance with GES X.06.
9.2 Spares
The Vendor/Contractor shall submit with his proposal a priced list of recommended spares for start-up and
two years operation for review by the Owner. This list shall include, but not be limited to:
- special tools, if required,

- insulating liquids,
- gaskets,
- 5 litres of 'touch up' paint.
9.3 Packing and Storage
This section describes the minimum requirements for the preservation and protection of equipment during
the sea and land transportation and storage prior to installation.
The probable storage period will be specified in the order/enquiry and will extend from the time of despatch
to the time of unpacking at site. If the storage period is not stated, a minimum period of 24 months shall be
assumed. Packing to be suitable for sea freight.
(a) After mechanical completion at the works, the equipment shall be left in a clean dry condition.
Rev 0 1999
(b) The Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for loading and anchoring the item(s) to prevent damage
during shipment.
The Vendor/Contractor shall submit his procedures for packing and preservation for review by the Owner.
9.4 Shipping
Detailed shipping arrangements are covered by the Purchase Order/Contract.
The equipment shall not leave the Vendor/Contractor's works for shipment until the release has been
approved by the Owner's Inspector.
9.5 Warranty
The Vendor/Contractor shall warrant all material and services supplied against any defect for a period of
twelve (12) months after commissioning, or twenty-four (24) months from the date of delivery to site,
whichever is the shorter period, or for the period stipulated in the Order. Should any item be found
defective, the Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated with restoring the equipment
to the standard specified by the Purchase Order/Contract.
10.0 DETAILED DOCUMENTATION REQUESTS
10.1 Introduction
Power distribution equipment data shall be furnished with all proposals. The successful Vendor/Contractor
shall furnish the same data corrected to apply to the actual equipment furnished. The following data shall
be furnished with the required final drawings and parts information.
10.2 Figures and Associated Data
One-line diagrams shall cover all power circuits including metering and protective relaying. One-line
diagrams shall be a separate set of drawings, they shall not be located on other types of drawings. The
diagrams shall include the following information:
(a) major equipment ratings indicated below:
Major Equipment Ratings to be Shown on One-line Diagrams
Generators V, kW, PF, Xd", Xd'

Power Transformers kVA (ONAN/ONAF), V, tap range, impedance, BIL if arresters
applied at same voltage
Circuit Breakers Continuous A, interrupting MVA or kA, interrupting MVA or kA,

momentary kA if different from interrupting, BIL if arresters applied
at same voltage (specify whether symmetrical or asymmetrical basis
used for kA ratings)
Bus Continuous A, momentary kA (specify symmetrical or asymmetrical)
Arresters kV operating
Neutral Grounding Devices A (limit), Duration (time in seconds)
Rev 0 1999
Current Transformers Ratios and Accuracy
Potential Transformers Ratios and Accuracy
Cable supplying transformers Size and No of conductors

and substation busses
(b) number of connections of current and potential transformers,
(c) connection of power transformer windings (such as wye or delta), type of neutral grounding,
(d) relay device numbers and number of elements,
(e) dotted lines to associate the major protective relays with the auxiliary relays or primary circuit
devices which they actuate, using arrows at the ends of these lines to point to the devices operated,
(f) maximum and minimum short circuit levels,
(g) identification and size of individual loads connected to each switchgear, motor control centre,
turnaround power centre and switchrack bus. Identification shall include process service and
number,
(h) re-acceleration step number for each motor provided with automatic re-acceleration control.
One-line diagrams shall cover the complete distribution system for which they are intended. Revamp
projects which modify existing systems shall revise the original one-line diagram, partial excerpts of the
original drawing are not acceptable.
Standard protective device designations shall be used in the preparation of one-line diagrams. The device
designations used shall be as outlined in American Standard ANSI C37.2.
Substation one-line diagram shall be provided in the substation for each installation of high, medium and
low voltage switchgear and motor control equipment.
Switchgear block outline with a simplified one-line diagram superimposed on it shall be provided in the
substation for each installation of high and medium voltage switchgear and motor control equipment. The
drawing shall be framed and wall-mounted and must be of a permanent nature, blueprints are not
acceptable.
In addition, metal enclosed switchgear and equipment shall bear the following external markings:
(a) With each installation of metal-enclosed assembly, there shall be provided a permanently legible
diagram giving the following information:
(1) a block outline defining each cubicle or cell, all to a minimum scale of 1:10, but the drawing
containing the block outline shall not be smaller approximately 450 by 550,
(2) a single line diagram overlaid on the block outline indicating the physical, where possible,
and electrical location of the high voltage components in the power circuit,
(3) all possible sources of potential to the installation under normal or emergency conditions
and the locations of devices for isolating such power supplies,
(4) interlocks and their functions.

Rev 0 1999
(b) Each complete cell or cubicle on the diagram shall be suitably identified and cross-referenced to its
counterpart in the metal-enclosed assembly, which shall bear the identifying mark both front and rear
applied to non-removable portions of the unit, and if the markings will be obscured by a removable
cover-plate, the marking shall be repeated on the cover-plate.
(c) The diagram shall be mounted conspicuously on or adjacent to the metal-enclosed assembly and shall
be protected from damage by being framed under glass or by some other suitable means.
Schematic, connection and interconnection diagrams shall be furnished for checkout, trouble-shooting and
maintenance. Vendor/Contractor's drawings shall be used to the maximum practicable extent.
Schematic diagrams shall be furnished for the control circuits of motors and other equipment. They shall
be shown on a single drawing shall include all equipment and devices associated with the circuit.
Vendor/Contractor drawings, if used, shall be reproducibles. Schematic diagrams for different motors shall
not be combined on a common drawing, unless associated with a common piece of process equipment. A
single drawing may be used for a number of motors with identical schematics. Complicated schematics, eg
compressor controls, shall have therein a written sequence of operation. All drawings shall be cross-
referenced to the satisfaction of the Owner.
Schematic diagrams shall be laid out with all lines numbered, with relays identified by line number, with
numbers to the right of the relay indicating the line number on which the contacts are located, and with a
solid stroke under the normally closed contacts. The actual contact is to be identified as per the relay with
which it is associated. If a relay and its contacts are located on different drawings, cross-reference shall be
provided for both the relay and contact.
Standard symbols as detailed in GES L.01 shall be utilised for the preparation of single-line diagrams,
schematic diagrams, interconnecting wiring diagrams, layout drawings and instrumentation drawings.
Interconnection diagrams shall show the same terminal numbers and device and conductor designations
that appear on the connection diagrams. They shall also indicate locations of terminals if the equipment has
terminals in more than one location.
Interconnection diagrams, such as wiring diagrams for relay panels, shall be drawn without the
complication of showing complete lines for all wires. At each termination point, a short line shall represent
the wire. The line shall be identified with its termination point at the opposite end and vice-versa. For
example, for a wire from terminal block No 1 (TB1), terminal No 2 to relay No 3 (R3), contact No 4, the
wire at terminal block shall be tagged "R3-4" and wire at relay tag as TB1-2.
The following data shall form the basis for sizing system components, checking system performance and
setting system protective relays and devices:
(a) load data,

(b) short circuit data,
(c) voltage profile data,
(d) motor heating data,
(e) cable sizing basis,
(f) relay data.
Copies of all data shall be for approval by the Owner. After approval, copies shall be given to the Owner.
A summary of the results, and description of the system conditions used as the basis for the data
calculations, shall be provided with each set of final load data, short circuit data and voltage profile data.
Rev 0 1999
Load flows, short circuit calculations and relay co-ordination studies shall be carried out and for approval
by the Owner.
With approval of the Owner (who may elect to utilise his own computer programs) for the above, use hand
calculation (for simple systems), or omit computations of conditions which are not applicable or from
inspection can be seen to be no problem.
If hand calculations are used, copies of all calculations shall be furnished with the data.
Load data shall be accompanied by a one-line diagram (may be simplified) with busses, bus and
transformer feeders and transformers identified to match computer results. Demands shall be expressed in
kVA with their corresponding kW and kVA components. Actual duty cycles shall be used for non-
continuous loads.
Summary of results shall include the following data in tabular form:
(a) 8-hour maximum demand and 15 minute maximum demand of the total load on each bus,
(b) 8-hour maximum demand of the total load on each power transformer,
(c) 8-hour maximum demand of the total load on each feeder cable supplying busses.
For secondary selective substations, demands shall be given for both open and closed bus tie breaker
operation. For spot network substations, demands shall be given for both normal operation and for
operation with only one supply feeder in service.
Short circuit data shall be accompanied by an impedance diagram of the positive sequence network. When
specified, diagrams of the negative and zero sequence networks shall also be furnished. The impedance
diagrams shall be prepared in one-line diagram form (may be simplified), and all impedance components
and busses shall be identified to match the computer results.
Summary of results shall include the following data in tabular form:
(a) short circuit currents on each bus and line used to establish the interrupting and momentary ratings of
circuit breakers, fuses and other switching devices at busses and lines,
(b) maximum and minimum symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit currents at each bus and line
used in establishing settings for the protective relays and devices.
Load data and short circuit data shall be furnished to the Owner on at least two occasions:
(a) before major electrical equipment (such as power transformers and switchgear) is purchased,
Note:
These issues of data are preliminary and need only be complete and accurate enough to verify that
proper equipment ratings such as circuit breaker interrupting and momentary duties, and transformer
self and forced cooled ratings have been specified.
(b) when one-line diagram is presented for final approval and loads are final.
Voltage profile data shall include:
(a) voltage variations at busses and motor terminals during normal operation,
Rev 0 1999
(b) voltage variations at busses and motor terminals during motor starting and re-acceleration, whichever
governs,
(c) loadings of bus supply lines in amperes during motor re-acceleration,
(d) motor re-acceleration schedule showing motors assigned to each step,
(e) tap settings for all power transformers.
Motor heating data shall show the rotor temperature rise during starting of each squirrel cage induction
motor larger than 1500 HP (1100 kW) under design starting conditions.
Cable sizing bases shall be furnished, covering implementation of the requirements of this specification
with respect to:
(a) ampacity rating basis including factors such as conductor temperatures, load factors, earth thermal
resistivity and ambient earth and air temperatures,
(b) ampacity derating basis including derating factors for cable grouping, spacing, proximity to high
temperature equipment and the effect of protective coverings for fire-proofing,
(c) sizing basis to meet voltage drop limitations during normal operation and during motor starting or re-
acceleration,
(d) sizing basis to meet short circuit withstand.
Relay data shall be furnished for each adjustable relay or other protective device as follows:
(a) device symbol number, circuit to which applied and device's instrument transformer (if any) ratio,
(b) device identification including manufacturer's model number, time characteristic and ampere or
voltage range,
(c) device setting, calibration point and one or more check points.
Data shall also include settings for auxiliary relays and devices, such as timers, associated with each
protective device.
Tabular form shall be used to present relay data. Additional columns shall be provided for recording actual
test values (voltage, current and time), corresponding to calibration and check points resulting from field
setting, calibration and test.
Co-ordination curves shall be included with the relay data. A set if curves shall be furnished for each
voltage level showing the time versus current (or voltage) curves for all phase relays and other phase
protective devices at their specified settings. A separate but similar set of curves shall be provided for all
ground relays and other ground protective devices. Symmetrical maximum and minimum short circuit
levels shall be shown on each set of curves.
The relaying co-ordination shall include the following:
(a) for voltage levels supplied through transformers:
(1) transformer primary overcurrent protective relay curves plotted in terms of secondary
current,
Rev 0 1999
(2) for delta-wye transformers, allowance for the higher current in one primary phase (16%
higher than equivalent secondary phase current) during secondary phase-to-phase faults,
(3) transformer through-fault withstand point for maximum 3-phase secondary faults, also,
withstand points for other types of secondary faults if more limiting than 3-phase fault.
(b) for secondary selective substations with automatic transfer:
(1) co-ordination between the transfer initiating undervoltage relays and the incoming breaker
overcurrent relays,
(2) settings of the instantaneous overcurrent and undervoltage relays used to block automatic
transfer.
(c) for substations using time-undervoltage relays for motor undervoltage protection, the co-ordination
between overcurrent relays and motor undervoltage relays,
(d) co-ordination curves for the protective relaying of each motor rated above 600 volts including locked
rotor damage points. One curve sheet may be used for services having motors of the same ratings,
locked rotor damage points and with the same relaying,
(e) for feeder cables supplying busses and power transformers, the safe heating limit (short circuit
withstand) curve for the cable plotted on the same curve sheet with the feeder protective device
curves.
Relay co-ordination curves shall be furnished on two occasions:
(a) before current transformer ratios and relay ranges and characteristics are specified to the supplier,
Note:
This issue of the co-ordination is preliminary and need only be complete and accurate enough to
verify selection of proper ratios, ranges and characteristics.
(b) when relay data is presented for final approval.
11.0 FIGURES SUB-INDEX
Figure 11.1 - Phase-Fault and Overload Non-Selectivity with Large Single Loads
Figure 11.2 - Ground/Phase-Fault Non-Selectivity with Large Single Loads on Solidly
Grounded Low Voltage Systems
S:\NOC9077\ADMIN\SPECIFICATIONS\L-SERIES\L-21\GESL21RF

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NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT

Rev Date Description Checked Approved

Compiled by Teknica (UK) Ltd

SEC TITLE PAGE

1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION 4

3.0 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE 8

3.1 Environmental Conditions 8

5.0 NEMA/IEC DIFFERENCES 38

7.1 Statutory Tests 41

9.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT 45

9.1 Painting and Coatings 45

10.0 DETAILED DOCUMENTATION REQUESTS 46

11.0 FIGURES SUB-INDEX 51

1.2 Other NOC Specifications

GES A.06 Site Data

GES B.12 Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning

GES L.01 Standard Electrical Symbols

GES L.03 Power Transformers

GES L.08 Protection Relay Systems

GES L.25 Grounding and Overvoltage Protection

GES L.34 Electrical Equipment in Contaminated Environments

GES X.06 Factory Coatings for Electrical Equipment and Instruments

1.3 Data Sheets

The technical terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

Primary Selective Substations

Secondary Selective Substations

Spot Network Substations

Firm Load Data

8-hour Maximum Demand

Adjusted Maximum Demand

Motor Continuous Overload Capability/Service Factor

The commercial terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

The company supplying the equipment.

The main contractor for a defined piece of work.

3.0 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

3.1 Environmental Conditions

3.1.1 External Environment

3.1.1 Internal Environment

3.2 Codes and Standards

3.2.2 US Codes and Standards

ASQ Q9000 Quality Management and Quality Assurance

ANSI C37.2 Standard Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers

NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 volts maximum)

3.2.3 IEC and other Recommendations

IEC 60 529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 605-7 Equipment Reliability Testing

IEC 60050 (191) International Electro Technical Vocabulary, Chapter 191,

ISO 9000 Quality System Design

G.5/3 Electricity Council "Limits for Harmonics in the United Kingdom

3.3 Voltage and Frequency (Supply Input)

3.3.2 Variations affecting Sizing

3.4 Standards and Reliability (MTBF)

3.6 Acoustic Noise

3.7 Transformer Capacity and Impedance

(a) to meet voltage drop limitations, or

Refer to GES L.03 for further details.

3.8 Switchgear Capacity

Cascading of circuit breakers is not acceptable.

3.9 Power Cable Sizing

3.10 Terminal Voltage and Voltage Drop