NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

GES L.22

SUBSTATION LAYOUT

Rev Date Description Checked Approved

0 1999 Issued For Implementation DL

Compiled by Teknica (UK) Ltd

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SUBSTATION LAYOUT Page 2 of 21
Rev 0 1999
INDEX

SEC TITLE PAGE

1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION 4

1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Other NOC Specifications 4
1.3 Data Sheets 5

2.0 DEFINITIONS 5

2.1 Technical 5
2.2 Contractual 6

3.0 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE 7

3.1 Environmental Conditions 7

3.2 Codes and Standards 7
3.3 Voltage and Frequency 8
3.4 Performance 8
3.5 Acoustic Noise 8
3.6 Location and Protection 9
3.7 Indoor Design 10
3.8 Standard Outdoor Design 12
3.9 Switchgear Control Battery Location 13
3.10 Transformer Yards 13
3.11 Blast Resistance 14
3.12 Captive Transformer Installations 14
3.13 Clearances for Indoor Sub-station, Outdoor Sub-stations and Transformer Yards 15
3.14 Table of Minimum Clearances for Standard BIL Outdoor Alternating Current 16

4.0 CONSTRUCTION 16

4.1 Materials 16
4.2 Substation Layout Grounding 17

5.0 NEMA/IEC DIFFERENCES 17

5.1 General 17
5.2 Salient Differences 17

6.0 INSPECTION 19

6.1 General 19

7.0 TESTING 19

7.1 General 19
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SEC TITLE PAGE

8.0 DOCUMENTATION 19

8.1 General 19
8.2 Schedules and Reports 19
8.3 Data and Calculations 20
8.4 Drawings 20
8.5 Final Records, Documents and Manuals 20

9.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT 21

9.1 General 21
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1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 This specification defines the minimum requirements primarily for the design, construction and inspection
of substation layouts for equipment up to 34.5 kV.

Outdoor switchyards and switchracks are covered only with respect to spacing from other equipment and
not in regard to the layout of the switchyard or switchrack itself.

1.1.2 This specification applies to installations for refineries, onshore oil and gas installations and processing
facilities, including equipment purchased either directly or as part of a package.

1.1.3 This specification is generally based on ANSI/NEMA Standards. The Vendor/Contractor shall comply
fully with the provisions laid down in this specification. Any exception must clearly stated and be
authorised in writing by the Owner as failure to do so shall indicate full compliance; any remedial work
then necessary, shall be at the Vendor/Contractor's expense.

1.1.4 In the event of any conflict between this specification and the Data Sheets, or with any of the applicable
codes and standards, the Vendor/Contractor shall inform the Owner in writing and receive written
clarification from the Owner before proceeding with the work.

1.1.5 This general specification will form part of the Purchase Order/Contract, together with any Data Sheets,
drawings or other attachments.

Exclusions

Layout for substations exceeding 34.5 kV.

1.2 Other NOC Specifications

The following NOC General Engineering Specifications are an integral part of this specification and any
exceptions shall be approved in advance by the Owner.

GES A.04 Noise Level Criteria and Noise Control of Mechanical Equipment

GES A.06 Site Data

GES B.02 Blast Resistant Control Buildings

GES B.12 Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning

GES L.03 Power Transformers

GES L.21 Power Distribution Equipment

GES L.25 Grounding and Overvoltage Protection

GES L.31 Area Classification

GES L.34 Electrical Equipment in Contaminated Environments

GES L.35 Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Areas

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GES X.06 Factory Coatings for Electrical Equipment and Instruments

1.3 Data Sheets

The technical data supplied by the Owner for the equipment is given on Data Sheets which are included at
the end of the relevant associated equipment specifications.

The Vendor/Contractor shall complete the Data Sheets with the remaining information.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

2.1 Technical

The technical terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

Captive (Unit) Transformer

Is defined as a transformer which supplies a single utilisation device, usually a large motor, the transformer
may be located in a remote situation or close to the device it supplies.

BIL

Basic Insulation Level

Substation

A substation is defined as an assembly of low (600 volts maximum), medium (15 kV maximum) or high
(34.5 kV maximum) voltage metal-clad switchgear or control centre equipment supplied directly by feeders
or by adjacent transformers.

Indoor Substation

An indoor substation is defined as a substation which consists of indoor metal-clad equipment within a
field constructed building. All main and process substations shall be indoor substations of fire-resistant
masonry or metal construction.

Outdoor Substation

An outdoor substation is defined as a substation which consists of either of the following:

(a) metal-clad equipment protected by a weatherproof enclosure (standard outdoor construction),

(b) metal-clad equipment within a factory assembled building-like enclosure (protected aisle outdoor
construction).

Main Substation

A main substation is defined as a substation which supplies all or a major part of the power to the
individual substations supplying the on-site and off-site facilities of a complete plant.

Critical Facility

A critical facility is defined as a facility which contributes to, or is needed for 20% or more of plant
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production or through-put. The facilities can be process units, loading or unloading facilities, utilities and
similar major elements of a plant. Facilities not meeting the 20% rule may also be designated as critical for
commercial reasons.

Independent Facility

One facility is defined as independent of another facility if the first mentioned facility can operate without
the other facility.

NEMA

National Electrical Manufacturer's Association

Nominal System Voltage

The rms "phase to phase" or "phase to neutral" voltage by which the system is designated and at (or near)
which level, the system normally operates.

Utilisation Voltage

The rms "phase to phase" or "phase to neutral" voltage at the line terminals of utilisation equipment.

2.2 Contractual

The commercial terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

Owner

The oil or gas company, an associate or subsidiary, who is the end user of the equipment and facilities.

Vendor

The company supplying the equipment and material.

Contractor

The main Contractor for a defined piece of work.

Sub-Contractor

A company awarded a contract by a contractor to do part of the work awarded to the Contractor.

Inspection Authority

The organisation representing the Owner or Vendor/Contractor that verifies that the equipment and
facilities have been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of this
specification and the Purchase Order/Contract.

Inspector

A qualified individual representing the Owner, Vendor/Contractor or assigned Inspection Authority, who
verifies that the equipment and facilities have been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in
accordance with the requirements of this specification and the Purchase Order/Contract.
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3.0 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

3.1 Environmental Conditions

3.1.1 External Environment

These conditions are fully detailed in GES A.06 and cover the principal conditions affecting the electrical
equipment including maximum and minimum ambient temperature, dust, humidity and altitude etc.

3.1.2 Internal Environment

Internal equipment shall be housed in an enclosed, air conditioned room; full details are given in GES
B.12.

Temporary excursions from these limits e.g. during short term power failure, shall be ignored for the
purposes of equipment rating.

3.2 Codes and Standards

3.2.1 General

In general, the requirements specified herein are based on the ANSI/NEMA and other American Codes and
Standards, the most important of which are listed below. Unless otherwise stated, equipment and materials
shall comply with these Codes and Standards.

Unless specified otherwise in the Purchase Order/Contract, the current editions of the Codes and Standards
at the time of order shall be used.

The Vendor/Contractor shall operate and supply certification for a Quality System complying with the
requirements of the ASQ Q9000 Series or BS EN ISO 9000, Part 1 (Design) Part 2 (Production) and Part 3
(Test and Inspection).

3.2.2 US Codes and Standards

ANSI C57, 12.70 Terminal markings and connections for Distribution and Power Transformers

ASQ Q9000 Quality Management and Quality Assurance

IEEE 80 Safety in AC Substation Grounding

IEEE 142 Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power
Systems

NEMA ICS 3 Industrial Control Systems and Factory Built Assemblies

NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 volts maximum)

NFPA-70 National Electrical Code

3.2.3 IEC and Other Recommendations

When appropriate, equivalent International Standards which may be used as alternatives are listed below
and may be used with the prior approval of the Owner. Equipment and materials complying with IEC
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Recommendations shall be at least equal to the requirements of this specification. The Vendor/Contractor
shall advise full details of any deviations to these requirements in his offer if IEC based standards are
utilised.

ISO 9001 Quality System - Design

3.3 Voltage and Frequency

3.3.1 Rating

Equipment rated voltage and frequency shall be as stated on Data Sheets or attachments to the relevant
material requisition.

3.3.2 Variations

All equipment shall operate successfully at rated load and rated frequency with a voltage variation of 10%
above or below rated voltage and with a supply characteristic of not less than 5% total harmonic distortion
(THD).

All equipment shall operate successfully at a rated load at rated voltage with a frequency variation of 5%
above or below rated frequency.

All equipment shall operate successfully at a rated load with a combined variation in the voltage and
frequency of 10% above or below rated voltage and 5% above or below rated frequency.

3.4 Performance

3.4.1 Rating

The temperature of metal surfaces exposed to direct solar radiation can reach 167°F (75°C). The interiors
of unventilated metal cabinets (exclusive of internal heat-producing sources) can reach 133°F (56°C). The
equipment and accessories, including cabinets and junction boxes shall be designed accordingly. Sun
shields shall not be fitted, unless specified or recommended by the Vendor/Contractor.

3.5 Acoustic Noise

a) The noise level criteria for the plant shall be as specified in GES A.04.

b) Unless otherwise stated on the Data Sheets for the individual item of equipment, the sound
pressure level shall not exceed the following:

Indoors

Equipment for installation indoors shall be so designed that the sound pressure level at 3.25 ft (1 metre)
from the equipment surface shall not exceed 65 dB(A) under any load and/or frequency condition within
the operating range.

Outdoors

Equipment for installation outdoors, unless otherwise specified, shall have a sound pressure level at 3.25 ft
(1 metre) from the equipment surface not exceeding 80 dB(A) under any load and/or frequency condition.

3.6 Location and Protection

Minimum safety spacings for switchgear and motor controllers from sources of flammable release shall be
in accordance with the area classification, GES L.31 and as follows:
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(a) 150 ft (45 m) for main substations. Spacings less than 150 ft (45 m) shall be approved by the
Owner,

(b) other substations and spacings shall be as follows:

Type of Critical Critical Minimum Spacing from Release

Switchgear and/or Facilities Circuits Source ft (m)
Motor Controllers
Flash < 140°F Flash > 140°F
(60°C) (60°C)
Outdoor open bus as in 1 or more Yes 150 (45) 150 (45)
switchyards 1 or more No Note (a) Note (a)
Outdoor enclosed bus 1 or more Yes Note (a) Note (a)
as in switchracks 1 or more No 50 (15) Note (b) 50 (15) Note (b)

Outdoor, metal-clad 1 or more Yes 150 (45) 50 (15)

switchgear and/or 1 or more No 50 (15) 50 (15)
control centres in
outdoor enclosure

Indoor, metal-clad 1 or more Yes 150 (45) Note 50 (15)

switchgear and/or 1 or more No (c) 50 (15) Note (d)
control centres in a 50 (15) Note (d)
conventional building

Notes:

(a) To be specified by Owner.

(b) May be decreased to 15 ft (4.5 m) [25 ft (7.5 m) from furnaces] for radially fed
switchracks containing only motor controllers (no associated power transformer or power
distribution switchgear).

It is assumed that the substation will be so placed and designed that explosion-proof
enclosures will not be required.

(c) With Owner's approval, may be decreased to 50 ft (15 m). If blast resistant construction
is required, it will be specified.

(d) With Owner's approval, may be decreased to 15 ft (4.5 m) if all the following are
satisfied:

- indoor substation is a masonry building which is fire resistant for at least one
hour. All associated equipment outside the building, such as transformers and
cables, shall be fire-proofed or shielded by fire walls for at least one hour's
exposure,

- no non-enclosed live parts in associated outdoor transformers, resistors,

arrestors, etc,
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- pressure ventilation required if hazardous gas heavier than air. Air must be
supplied by two normally running 100% capacity fans, at least one of which
must be suppliable from independent generation in case of total failure of normal
power.

Note: if pressure ventilation is provided, the 2 ft (600 mm) elevation specified in

the paragraph below is not required.

Elevation of floor level: Indoor and protected aisle outdoor substations, located
in a 2 ft (600 mm) high Class 1, Division 2 (Zone 2) area, shall have their floor
levels elevated 2 ft (600 mm) or more above surrounding grade. Ventilation
shall not be used to achieve non-hazardous classification for such substations. If
the elevation is used for this purpose, the space under elevated indoor substances
or protected aisle outdoor substations shall be solidly filled. Substations shall
not be built with basements.

Substation shall be equipped with C02 hand extinguishers.

3.7 Indoor Design

Common operating aisle is preferred for switchgear, control centres and essential services centres. Where
this layout is used, the operating sides of the different equipment on each side of the operating aisle shall
preferably be aligned. Front and back clearances may be increased where necessary to permit this
arrangement.

A smooth finished floor is required. Equipment having removable elements which roll out onto the
building floor shall be mounted level, with respect to the finished floor, so that elements can be rolled in
and out of their compartments. Finished floors of concrete shall be painted.

Heating and ventilating design shall be as per the requirements of GES B.12.

Ionization type smoke detectors shall be furnished and installed as follows:

(a) Location

A smoke detector shall be located in each room within a substation building. The final number
and location of smoke detectors shall be reviewed with the Owner.

(b) Installation

Smoke detectors shall have an individual alarm at a panel in the main control room. Each alarm
shall be identified with the location of the smoke detector. Alarms shall be both visible and
audible.

Ventilation, heating and thermal insulation shall be included to limit indoor temperatures and to
prevent corrosion.

Substations shall be at grade with the floor level 9 in (230 mm) above grade, or elevated above
grade only enough to meet area classification requirements as detailed previously in Section 3.6.

Note:

In general main substations containing both HV and LV equipment shall be at grade with concrete
floor, however the final design including the requirement for blast/fire proofing and related Civil
Engineering matters are contract specific and shall be addressed as part of the overall plant
design.
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Blast resistance where required shall be in accordance with the principles of GES B.02.

Clearances shall be as shown in the Table in Section 3.6.

At least 1 single and 1 double door shall be provided at opposite ends of indoor substations, opening
outward. The single door shall be the access door and shall be equipped with a lock which accommodates
the refinery master key for substations.

All doors shall be steel with solid upper and lower panels, shall be at least 36 in (900 mm) wide, and shall
be provided with panic latches.

The double doors shall be sized to permit passage of the largest unit of any of the equipment assemblies,
such as an individual compartment of switchgear line-up. A removable steel panel provided above
standard height double doors shall be used where additional height is required.

If breakers or controllers are not designed to roll-out at floor level in a level plane, permanent handling
facilities are required for indoor and protected aisle outdoor substations, to support and transport:

(a) circuit breakers in low and medium voltage switchgear,

(b) controllers in medium voltage control centres.

Acceptable types of lifting devices and facilities are as follows:

(a) Floor Type

A mobile unit, rubber wheeled, which will support the breakers or controllers during removal and
return to switchgear and control centres, and which is capable of transporting the equipment to the
building access doors.

(b) Built-in Facility

A Vendor/Contractor furnished, overhead lifting device mounted on top of the switchgear or

control centre which can be moved to the entire length of the switchgear or control assembly. The
facility shall permit lifting the control devices from the floor or from the completely withdrawn
device cradle. A rubber-wheeled dolly shall also be furnished to transport the breakers or
controllers to access doors.

Accessory spreaders, shackles and similar equipment shall be supplied as needed for proper
support of devices being lifted.

Control centres shall not be mounted against the wall or employ back-to-back construction.

Steam piping or equipment using steam shall not be located within substation buildings or
enclosures.

At least three single-phase duplex convenience receptacles shall be provided inside the substation
building, one each on 3 different walls, or inside the enclosure of outdoor substations. One or
more of the receptacles shall be arranged for automatic transfer to the emergency power supply,
and be labelled accordingly.

For new work in existing plants, receptacles must accept the Owner's existing plugs. Details will
be furnished by the Owner.
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Cable trenches, vaults or cellars shall not be used under switchgear or control centres for any type of
substation.

3.8 Standard Outdoor Design

Subject to agreement, the manufacturer's standard layout of equipment may be acceptable for protected
aisle substations.

Clearances shall be as shown in the Table in Section 3.13.

At grade, standard outdoor construction shall be limited to substation at grade.

Concrete platform shall be provided on the withdrawal side of switchgear having roll-out withdrawable
control devices. Platform shall extend at least 72 in (1.8 m) from the equipment, and its height with
relation to the equipment shall permit ready withdrawal of the control devices utilising manufacturer's
standard accessory trucks.

Conduits from underground conduit systems shall enter substations at grade through the building
foundation and floor. Conduits shall stub-up directly under switchgear and control centres.

Conduit and cable entrances through substation walls from continuous rigid support systems shall be sealed
to prevent entrance of dust, liquids or gases.

Spare conduits shall be installed whenever extra floor space is specified for future equipment in
substations, or whenever spare device spaces are provided in equipment assemblies in substations.

(a) Spare conduits shall be extended below grade outside the substation, and shall stub-up within the
process area. These spare conduits shall be capped.

(b) Inside the substation, spare conduits which stub-up outside equipment enclosures shall terminate
in couplings flush with the floor and be sealed with recessed pipe plugs.

(c) Spare conduits which terminate inside equipment assemblies shall be plugged.

Protected aisle outdoor substations shall have two doors which open outward, located at opposite ends of
the equipment. The access door shall be equipped with a lock which accommodates the refinery master key
for substations. Doors shall be equipped with panic latches.

An ionisation type smoke detector shall be installed within each enclosure of a protected aisle construction.
Smoke detectors shall have an individual visual/audible alarm at a panel in the main control room. Each
alarm shall be identified with the location of the smoke detector.

3.9 Switchgear Control Battery Location

For standard construction outdoor substations, batteries shall be located within the equipment enclosure.
Adequate ventilation shall be provided such that hazardous gases cannot accumulate within the enclosure.

For protected-aisle outdoor substations, batteries shall be located within the weatherproof outer enclosure
against a wall. Adequate ventilation shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of an explosive mixture.

For indoor substations, batteries shall be contained in steel cabinets equipped with ventilating louvres.
Battery racks are permitted only in separate battery rooms equipped with a room ventilating system with an
adequate rate of air changes and utilising certified explosion proof fans..

As far as practicable the use shall be made of `Sealed' batteries which do not require special facilities and
can be mounted in the same room (and enclosure if necessary) of the equipment served.
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Note:

In indoor installations, if battery racks are installed in separate battery rooms, the rows of cells shall be
accessible by means of a gangway. If batteries are mounted on floor frames, the width of the gangway
must be at least 20 in (500 mm) and if they are mounted on racks, the width shall be at least 30 in (800
mm).

3.10 Transformer Yards

Clearances shall be as shown in Table in Section 3.13.

Power transformers shall be located outdoors.

Transformers shall be located to minimise the length and bends in the secondary connections.

Throat connected transformers are acceptable for standard construction outdoor substations.

When neutral grounding resistors are located in the transformer yard, resistors may be located at grade or
individually mounted on top or sides of transformer tanks. Transformer-mounted resistors shall be located
so as not to interfere with physical or visual access to transformer accessories.

Transformers and resistors at grade shall be mounted on concrete pads. Pads shall extend horizontally at
least 4 in (100 mm) in all directions beyond the mounting base dimensions of the supported equipment.
Top of pads shall be at least 6 in (150 mm) but not more than 18 in (450 mm) above the finished grade of
stone, except as required to provide the necessary clearance between live parts and grade.

The surface of outdoor switchyards, including the area surrounding the equipment pads shall be covered
with a 6 in (150 mm) layer of ¾ in (20 mm) clean crushed stone.

Where required to protect exposed live parts, a chain link fence shall be provided. Two access gates shall
be provided on opposite sides of the yard. Gates shall have provision for padlocking.

The fence shall be bonded to a ground loop, located 24 in (600 mm) outside the fence line and buried to 6
in (150 mm) below the rough grade. A layer of 6 in (150 mm) clean crushed stone shall cover both inside
and outside the fence line areas in a width of 3.3 ft (1000 mm) in either direction.

Fire (blast) walls between transformers shall be considered depending upon the final layout.

Specified clearances are minimum distances to the nearest obstruction, and shall be increased as necessary
to meet manufacturer's recommendations or code requirements.

Transformer clearances shall be measured from the furthest major transformer projecting part, such as
terminal chamber, secondary throat or radiator banks. A yard fence is classed as an obstruction to which
clearances apply.

Switchgear and control centre clearances shall be measured from the farthest projecting part, such as
operating handles, door handles or superstructure compartments.

Overlapping clearances, as in aisle between switchgear or between adjacent transformers, are acceptable.

3.11 Blast Resistance

Where blast resistant buildings are used to house indoor switchgear, but transformers are outdoors, the
following shall be met:
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(a) transformer supports and foundations shall be designed to prevent sliding or overturning of the
transformer due to a pressure of 3 psi (2000 kg/m2) applied in any horizontal direction,

(b) bus duct, if used, shall employ short circuit tested, fully insulated bus bars,

(c) primary switch and terminal chambers shall be designed to resist a pressure of 3 psi (2000 kg/m2)
applied in any horizontal direction,

(d) transformer yards shall be located on the side of the substation building opposite the explosion
source, whenever layout permits, to protect the transformers and associated equipment from
damage by blast-driven debris.

3.12 Captive Transformer Installations

Captive transformer installations which are located in substations shall meet the code requirements for
transformer yards.

Captive transformer installations which are located close to the motor or other utilisation device they
supply shall meet all the following:

(a) transformers shall be located outdoors and shall be installed at grade. They may be located in
either a non-hazardous or a Class I, Division 2 (Zone 2) area.

The location selected for the transformer shall meet the following conditions, and shall be provided by the
Owner:

- shall be at least 25 ft (7.5 m) from all pumps, compressors and similar machinery, except for the
machine driven by the captive transformer's motor, and at least 25 ft (7.5 m) from towers, drums,
exchangers, air fin coolers and all similar equipment,

- shall not be located on or beneath compressor platforms or similar platforms,

- shall provide ready access to the transformer and to its associated motor and driven equipment.

The area around the transformer shall meet the requirements of code practice for transformer yards and the
following:

- there shall be no exposed live parts within the transformer yard,

- a chain link fence shall be provided around the yard to keep personnel away from the transformer.

3.13 Clearances for Indoor Substations, Outdoor Substations and Transformer Yards

Indoor Substations

Vertical, from equipment to ceiling or bottom of roof beam.

High voltage switchgear, in front of operating and drawout 18 in (450 mm)
side.
Medium and low voltage switchgear, in front of operating 72 in (1800 mm)
and drawout side.
Switchgear, from each end and from 60 in (1500 mm)
non-operating, non-drawout side.
Medium voltage control centres, in front of operating 36 in (900 mm)
side.
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Low voltage control centres, in front of operating 60 in (1500 mm)
side.
Control centres, from one end and from rear. 48 in (1200 mm)
36 in (900 mm)
Outdoor Substations

Around enclosure, except per paragraphs 3.8 and 3.11

Includes clearances to perimeter fence.
36 in (900 mm)
Transformer Yards

Transformer, from HV terminal side.

Around other sides of transformer, except per 48 in (1200 mm)
Section 3.11.
Neutral grounding resistors, on at least 3 sides. 36 in (900 mm)
36 in (900 mm)
Walkway and Gangway Widths

Walkways
Gangways 18 in (450 mm) min.
36 in (900 mm) min.

Note:

Headroom above walkways and gangways to live parts (if unavoidable) shall be 8 ft (2400 mm).

3.14 Table of Minimum Clearances for Standard BIL Outdoor Alternating Current

Minimum clearances to be used in substation layout covering both phase to phase and phase to earth
voltages are as shown in the following table.

Table of Minimum Clearances for Standard BIL Outdoor Alternating Current

kV Class BIL Level Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum

(1) kV Clearance to Clearance Clearance Clearance
withstand Ground for Between Between Between
(2) Rigid Parts, Phases (or live Overhead Wires and
in* parts) for Conductors Roadways,
(3) Rigid Parts, and Grade for Inside
in* metal to Personnel Substation
metal Safety Inside Enclosure,
(4) Substation, ft* ft*
(5) (6)
7.5 95 6 7 8 20
15 110 7 12 9 20
23 150 10 15 10 22
34.5 200 13 18 10 22
46 250 17 21 10 22
69 350 25 31 11 23

Notes:
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1. Coordinate kV class and BIL when choosing minimum clearances.

2. The values above are recommended minimums but may be decreased in line with good practice,
depending on local conditions, procedures, etc
3. The values above apply to 3300 ft above sea level. Above this elevation, the above values should
be increased according to par 22-4 of AIEE Standard No 22A, Air Switches, Insulator Units and
Bus Supports, October 1949.
4. These recommended minimum clearances are for rigid conductors. Any structural tolerances, or
allowances for conductor movement, or possible reduction in spacing by foreign objects should be
added to the minimum values.
5. These minimum clearances are intended as a guide for the installation of equipment in the field
only, and not for the design of electric devices or apparatus such as circuit breakers, transformers,
etc.

*1 in = 25.4 mm; 1 ft = 0.3048 m.*

6. This table is based on the recommendations of the IEEE Substation Committee.

4.0 CONSTRUCTION

4.1 Materials

4.1.1 The characteristics of materials shall be suitable for the place of installation and operating conditions. All
the individual components shall be suitable for the environmental conditions, it will be necessary to
consider all environmental factors which may effect the life of materials and safety conditions such as the
following:

- minimum and maximum temperatures,

- effects of temperature and humidity,
- elevation continuous duty,
- corrosive substances and pollutions,
- solid matters, sand, dust,
- solar radiation and wind,
- danger of explosion or fire.

The use of standardised materials available on the market shall be maximised.

The equipment and material forming part of the same supply shall be of the same type for similar functions.

4.1.2 Material shall be of the Vendor/Contractor's standard type.

The use of other types of construction material requires the approval of the Owner.

4.2 Substation Layout Grounding

General grounding and lightning protection shall be in accordance with GES L.25.

All electrical equipment in the substation layout, including security fences and associated materials, etc.,
shall be connected to the site grounding system.

The use of overhead earth wires for outdoor substation is not considered necessary for outdoor substations
up to 34.5 kV, as the equipment with the substations should be fitted with surge protection.

The final decision depends upon the severity of the lightning stroke Should such a wire be fitted, it is
normally extended from the substation for a clearance of half a mile (800 m) back along the line from the
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substation.

Note:

The security fence shall be connected to the site grounding system if the system overlaps the fence,
otherwise the fence shall have its own dedicated earth system adjacent to the fence line.

5.0 NEMA/IEC DIFFERENCES

5.1 General

This specification is primarily written for equipment manufactured and designed in accordance with the
American (NEMA) standards.

If it is necessary or advantageous (or if there is no equivalent NEMA standard) to purchase equipment in

accordance with International (IEC) Standards, the specification can still be utilised but the salient
differences occurring should be noted as detailed below.

5.2 Salient Differences

This section does not attempt to list every difference between American (NEMA) standards and IEC
standards, but covers only those salient differences that could affect the final installation if not properly
addressed during the design phase.

5.2.1 Units - SI Units

The NEMA Standards in many cases utilise imperial units (horsepower, feet, pounds, degrees fahrenheit,
foot candles, etc.) whilst the IEC Standards utilise SI units (metres, grammes, degrees celsius etc.).

Note:

For electrical equipment, the (American) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) have
recommended that the use of the imperial (British-American units in use be reduced as rapidly as possible
in favour of the SI units, with certain implementations such as the use of horsepower being phased out first.

Where practicable, both systems has been shown in this standard and on the Electrical Data Sheets since
the transition will take some time to fully implement.

5.2.2 Ingress Protection (IP) (IEC 34-5) IEC 529

The IEC Code precisely defines the ingress protection offered to the machine by its enclosure against solid
bodies and moisture. The NEMA Code is now similar, and for most refinery installations, an enclosure of
"IP54" (as defined in both codes) should be adequate for most installations.

5.2.3 Hazardous (Classified) Areas (GES L.35)

Full details of the comparison of IEC and American practices are detailed in GES L.35 and are not
reiterated here.

If it is intended to purchase equipment to IEC Standards, reference shall be made to the contract hazardous
area drawing produced from the principles stated in GES L.35 to establish the enclosure type needed.

Note: The National Electrical Code NFPA 70, Article 500 and API.RP500 cover the American approach
to hazardous (Classified) areas in some detail.
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5.2.4 Cooling

The concepts are similar, i.e., air or force cooled etc., only the method of identifying them is different.
Provided the requirement is clearly stated in words, it should not be a problem.

5.2.5 Terminal Markings (IEC 34-8)

NEMA MG.1, part 2, gives terminal major markings with a "T" prefix, whereas the IEC code utilises U, V,
W for phases.

5.2.6 Grounding

Concerned with the nature and location of an intentional electrical interconnection between the Electrical
System Conductors and Ground.

In British Practice, the terms "Grounding" and "Ground" are replaced by "Earthing" and "Earth".

6.0 INSPECTION

6.1 General

Refer to Section 6.0 of the relevant associated General Engineering Specifications listed in Section 1.2.

7.0 TESTING

7.1 General

Refer to Section 7.0 of the relevant associated General Engineering Specifications listed to in Section 1.2.

8.0 DOCUMENTATION

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 This section covers the documentation required for the design, selection, fabrication, inspection and testing
for all the equipment, components and services to be provided against this specification.

8.1.2 The detailed list of documents that are required will be included with the Purchase Order/Contract,
however as a minimum the following listed documents will be provided by the Vendor/Contractor as and
when:

. General Arrangement,
. Foundation Layout,
. Single Line Diagram.

8.1.3 The documents as listed may be considered as a minimum requirement; all details to confirm compliance
with the relevant specifications, and to allow a full and continued appraisal to be made of the
Vendor/Contractors proposals and interpretations of the ordered equipment, should be submitted in
accordance with the schedule specified in the Purchase Order/Contract.

8.1.4 Any production or procurement undertaken by the Vendor/Contractor which is prior to the relevant
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documentation being submitted and reviewed by the Owner is at the Vendor/Contractors risk.

8.1.5 On all documentation the Purchase Order/Contract number, equipment title, tag number and project name
shall be quoted.

8.1.6 All documentation shall be checked and signed by the checker before submission.

8.2 Schedules and Reports

8.2.1 The Vendor/Contractor shall submit with his tender a preliminary quality control plan and proposals for
Factory acceptance and site acceptance tests.

8.2.2 The Vendor/Contractor shall include with his tender documentation a statement of proposed Sub-
Vendors/Sub-Contractors, a document submission schedule for all documents based on a review cycle of
three weeks and outline programme for procurement and production activities.

8.2.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall incorporate any revisions agreed with the Owner during the enquiry review
stage and submit revised tender documentation for approval.

8.2.4 Monthly reports shall be submitted by the Vendor/Contractor detailing design, procurement, production
and documentation activities, the format of which shall be agreed with the Owner.

8.3 Data and Calculations

8.3.1 The Vendor/Contractor shall supply with his tender completed Data Sheets containing all the relevant
information necessary for appraisal of the design by the Owner.

8.3.2 Project specific instructions will be issued to the Vendor/Contractor with the Purchase Order/Contract,
which describes the data and calculations to be submitted, and the methods of submission.

8.3.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining approvals from the Inspection Authority.

8.3.4 All calculations shall be carried out in clear and logical manner. Where conditions involve the use of
formulae or methods not specified in the Design Code, the source of these formulae or methods shall be
clearly referenced.

8.3.5 Computer calculations will only be acceptable if all input is shown, together with calculated values of
intermediate terms and factors and options chosen, as well as final calculated dimensions, stresses or other
values and the computer program has been validated to the satisfaction of the Owner.

8.3.6 Calculations and drawings that are interdependent, i.e. foundation loading and equipment footprint, shall be
presented for appraisal together.

8.4 Drawings

8.4.1 The drawings listed with the Purchase Order/Contract shall be sent by the Vendor/Contractor to the Owner
and/or the Inspection Authority for review and approval.

8.4.2 The components and process to produce the ordered equipment shall be shown in sufficient detail to be
fully appraised eg, outline drawings, components lists and schematic.

8.4.3 General arrangement drawings shall be to scale and show the relative location and main dimensions of all
components including elevations.
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8.4.4 Detail drawings which may be included on the general arrangement shall include thicknesses and
dimensions of all components.

8.4.5 As-built drawings may be the general arrangement drawings marked-up with the actual as-built dimensions.

8.5 Final Records, Documents and Manuals

8.5.1 Two copies of the Data Dossier shall be supplied, and shall be a record of the manufacturing design
process. Where stated in the Purchase Order/Contract, besides the electrical documents itemised in
Section 8.1.2, it shall contain the following:

- general arrangement drawing and bill of material,

- the Quality Control Plan,
- Owner's release certificate.

8.5.2 Six sets of the Installation, Operations and Maintenance Manual (IOM) shall be specifically compiled for
the equipment supplied. A compendium of manufacturer's data for a range of like products is not
acceptable. The IOM shall contain the following:

- a description of the equipment,

- the master document list and certified copies of key drawings.

The IOMs shall be presented in A4 format, and be securely bound in heavy duty 4 ring binders.

8.5.3 The Vendor/Contractor shall produce as built documents revised to indicate field changes.

8.5.4 The Vendor/Contractor shall supply one set of mylar original drawings.

8.5.5 Electronic Data Format (EDF)

All documentation (drawings, calculations and Data Sheets etc.) shall be produced by the
Vendor/Contractor in electronic format.

The format shall be compatible with that used by the Owner and shall be agreed at the commencement of
the contract.

In addition to the `hard copies' required under the contract, copies of the electronic records shall be issued
to the Owner for all approved documentation, this forming part of the Vendor/Contractor's contractual
obligations.

9.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT

9.1 General

Refer to Section 9.0 of the relevant associated General Engineering Specifications listed in Section 1.2.