ASUNCION, RAY EZRAEL A.

NAV 3
BSMT 22-B4 MIDTERMS

ACTIVITY #1 (ASYNCHRONOUS)
1.) Determine the different paper charts and special purpose charts utilized for
terrestrial and coastal navigation and explain the different information found
in the charts.
➢ Nautical Charts
1. Sailing Chart
A chart used for fixing position,
planning at sea and for the dead reckoning
to be plotted while in the course of voyage.

It has a scale of 1:600,000 or smaller.

The shoreline and topography generalized
but some details are shown such as
offshore soundings, navigational lights,
outer buoys and landmarks at a certain
distance. Gulf Of Alaska | (1:2,100,000)

2. General Chart
It is used for coastwise navigation outside of outlying
reefs and shoals. This chart has a scale range from
about 1:150,000 to 1:600,000.
This chart gives wide-ranging offshore coverage with
enough inshore details in surroundings for an easier
sighting.

Tampa Bay to Cape San Blas | (1:450,000)

3. Coastal Charts
This chart is used in navigating in close
proximity to the coast which has a scale of
1:50,000 to 1:150,000. It is for entering or
leaving bays and harbors of extensive width,
and for navigating broad inland waterways.

In this chart, many details of the coast are

depicted such nature of the coastline, position
and characteristics of lights, radio telegraph
stations, towers, and other floating aids
Matagorda Light to Aransas Pass | (1:80,000)
 4. Harbor Chart
The harbor chart is for navigation and
anchorage, mainly for harbors and small
waterways. The scale ranges of these charts
are very small but precise which has a scale of
larger than 1:50,000.

It is the most comprehensive chart of all

that is why it’s used for approaching coasts
where great details are needed.

New Orleans Harbor Chalmette Slip to Southport | (1:15,000)

➢ Special Charts
1. Pilot Chart
The graphic chart displays averages
obtained from data accumulated over
several years in meteorology and
oceanography to assist the navigator in
determining the shortest and safest
routes.

It is used together with nautical charts

and other navigational aids

2. Plotting Chart

A plotting chart (or sheet) is a scaled

outline chart with a Mercator projection.
Typically, a graticule and compass rose
are displayed.

The purpose of the plotting chart is to aid

navigational charts which obtained from
astronomical observation by the
navigators.
The different information that can found in the charts.
Compass Rose
it identifies the direction you are
traveling.

Latitude and Longitude scales

These are the scales on a chart
allow for coordinate navigation.
Each line of longitude or latitude is
called a degree

Chart number
At corners of the chart, you can see
the number of the chart in the
Admiralty series.

Chart title
It contains information on the area
of coverage

Notices to Mariners:
(a) the year dates and numbers of
Notices to Mariners and
(b) the dates of minor corrections
included in reprints but not formally
promulgated
Publication notes (imprint)
showing the date of publication as
a new chart.

Explanatory notes on chart

content & Cautionary notes on
charted detail
To be read before using the chart.
 Scale of chart
It differs from map to map.
The scale affects feature
representation on the chart.
The bigger the scale is the better
features that can be detailed.

Sounding/ Depths in
fathoms/feet’
charts use all sorts of different
measurements so check the
measurement unit used to indicate
the water depth in the chart.

Buoys
Use the red or green buoys as
guide in navigation depending on
the region. It makes your route
tracking easy because the travel
markers are numbered.
Anchorage Area
An anchor in the chart means it is
safe to bring down your vessel’s
anchor in the area. The kind of
vessels that are allowed to stay at
anchoring places can be labeled
with numbers or descriptions.
Rocks & Dangers
Dangerous obstacles such rocks
are encircled. The obstacles are
submerged in certain circles that
are dotted.
Currents & Tides
It indicated by the symbol of arrow
with a number besides them.
The arrow's direction indicates
which way the current is moving.
The number tells the speed of the
water in knots.
Abbreviations
to find out about the area's most
important features. To label
markers, they must rely on
abbreviations. Such landmarks
like towers (Tr), chimney (Chy),
and beacons (Bn).
 2. Explain the procedures on how to update/correct nautical charts and
nautical publications.

The Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications is issued annually with latest
and updated editions of charts. But during the year, if the Weekly Notices to Mariner
advises their newest edition or new charts, the navigating shall add them to the chart
catalogue.
The following items should be used in an updated and corrected chart folio system:
• Admiralty Chart catalogue • Annual Summary of Notices to
• Admiralty Sailing Directions Mariners
• Admiralty List of Lights • Weekly Notices to Mariners
• Admiralty List of Radio Signals • Chart correction Log and Folio
• Admiralty Tide tables Index
• Chart – 5011 Symbols and
abbreviations

To keep the chart folio up to date, the following must be considered:

• Every single chart onboard must be listed within the chart
correction log, together with an index of corrections (including
temporary and preliminary) for every chart number. Each chart
and publication should be corrected on a weekly basis in
keeping with weekly Notice to Mariners, and also the correction
numbers must be recorded within the same index because
the chart numbers, so to be used as a reference to verify the
status of any corrections in the chart.
• There should be a dedicated chart supplier or service that can provide new charts
and editions for the folios onboard in a timely manner. The Supplements to the
Notices to Mariners and Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners are also provided
along with weekly Notice to Mariners.
• Navigational warnings sent by satellite and Navtex receiver is more urgent than
T&P notices. Such notices must be plotted on ENCs as soon as possible using the
'Marine Information Overlay' (MIO) tool, if it is available. If the NAVTEX is
connected with the ECDIS system, NAVTEX warnings may be displayed
automatically.
• A notification about the publication of the latest chart or edition is included in the
Weekly NtM. The chart correction log must be updated if the latest edition or chart
is received, with the relevant folio number put next to the chart number in the
correction index and a 'NC' or 'NE' placed next to the chart number in the correction
index. Any outstanding temporary and preliminary corrections, as well as
navigational cautions, must be checked on the chart.
 • In the chart correction log, write 'replaced by' or 'cancelled by' next to the chart that
has been replaced by a previous chart that has been sent by weekly Notices to
Mariners. On the received replacement chart, the folio number needs to
be inserted.

Main sources of maintaining publications and charts updated and corrected:

Weekly Notices to Mariners

These Weekly Notices to Mariners, which are issued by the

Admiralty on a weekly basis, contain changes to charts and
other publications.

The corrections are either in the form of overlay chart tracings

and blocks to be cut and pasted or in the form of coordinates
with instructions.

Cumulative List of Notices to mariners

In the month of January and July of every year, Cumulative List

of Notices to mariners are published.

The purpose of this is to keep track of all current editions of

Admiralty Charts as well as the serial numbers of notices
affecting them that have been released in the previous two
years.

Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners

In the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners, all of the
preceding year's temporary and preliminary notices are compiled
into a single document.

They're quick and easy to use when figuring out which of a chart's
temporary and permanent modifications are applicable. They
also include an overview of the changes made to the sailing
directions.
 Chart correction software and computer (Chart Co)
By using the software called as Chart Co., the
paper copy of weekly notices to mariners is
computerized. This arranges chart folios
aboard in the form of a database and the
corrections received are individually listed
under specific charts since it is online with a
chart correction service provider.

After that, an officer will make use of the

system's chart number to print and apply the
necessary corrections to any chart onboard.

Onboard the ship, an offline database is used where corrections are sent out as
weekly mail attachments. These are like the physical copy of Weekly NtM, which
are utilized to keep the chart correction index up to date.

2.) Explain at least 5 nautical publications found onboard the vessel.

Chart Catalogue NP 131
The NP131 is an all-inclusive graphic and
textual reference book for all publications and
charts available in the globe. Registered by
zone, you can obtain all the information about
titles, scales, or defined routes. You can keep
up to date with weekly updates online.

NP131 reduce the voyage planning process

by making it possible to easily identify of
Temporary and Preliminary Notices to Mariners
relevant to the planned voyage simple and
smooth.
The NP131 allows to geographically display the Temporary and Preliminary Notices,
and also view, save, and print searches individually or as user-defined groups.

List of Radio Signals

The List of Radio Signals consist a comprehensive
overview of Maritime Radio Communications, supporting crews
in the bridge in handling communications while keeping
regulations of reporting for the whole passage.

The contents cover from a comprehensive list of Maritime

Public Correspondence stations to a detailed list of equipment
and resources done in accordance with Global Maritime Distress
and Safety System. Every year, a new edition is issued, covering
all updates to the information on hand.
Ocean Passages for the World (NP136)
Includes weather, ice risks, ocean tides, and distance between important
ports to help with deep-sea cruise planning on the most significant routes.

It contains its own chapter with information on weather, climate,

surge, tides, ice hazards, and other more.

Converting the busiest and fastest-growing trade route to aid

crews on the bridge and offshore people in arrival time
estimations and route planning.

To assist users in efficiently discovering information, several

route diagrams and summarized route data, as well as chart
clearly showing the impact of climate, wave heights, and load
line zones available.

List of Lights and Fog Signals

The list of lights and fog signals covers less than 100,000 structures,
including fog signals, illuminated float signals, lightships, lighthouses and other
navigationally important lights.

Every volume presents:

A report on the features of the publication, as well as a
description of the appropriate foreign language lights, to be
identified by the bridge crew.

Tables for calculating light ranges, both geographically and

luminously.

Each light is identified by, location, name, features and intensity,

its international number, distance in sea miles, elevations in
meter, geographical position, and structure type.

Guide to Port of Entry

This is well-known for providing the most current and complete port
information available. It contains thorough information on charts, documents,
procedures, cargo types, limitations, and other topics.

This publication can help you by:

Preparing for better port proceedings by planning port entries
and exits, vessel services, and loading and unloading
procedures ahead of time.

Minimizing excessive maneuvering in possibly shallow and

busy seas to reduce the danger of environmental violations.
 Allowing ships to enter and exit ports promptly, exchange cargo,
and receive services without being hampered by unavoidable
conditions.

For the refueling of the vessel, management of the cargo, and

more services, to know who to call and where to go.

Ship’s Routeing
The sole reason of ship’s routeing is for better navigational safety in
converged zone and zones that involves high traffic density, or where ship's free
movement is limited by sea-area, obstacles in navigating the vessel, poor weather
conditions and limited depths.

The ship's routeing includes:

Confirmed information identifying navigational hazards or
warnings, limited depths, and high traffic regions. When
accompanied with certified navigational charts this
additional data increases situational awareness and lessen
the chance of damage from collisions and groundings.

Updates and new editions are released on a weekly basis

to assist maintain accuracy and safety.

The IMO and national authorities have issued clear

recommendations on traffic separation schemes and
routeing procedures.

Mariner’s Handbook (NP100)

Offers detailed information to aid mariners which improves their knowledge
of maritime navigation, sea and ice conditions, weather, and regulations. Many top
maritime training academies and organizations use this publication as a "core"
material as a part of their curriculum.

Information contained in this publication are:

Navigational training and operational bridge procedures are
provided by this book. The use of charts, the transmission of
navigational data, the maritime environment, nautical regulations,
and maritime pollution and conservation are all covered by this
material.

Tabular layout that are simple which is to help users locate easily
find what they need and with visual aids to help them understand
the subjects
4.) Explain each type of logbook onboard.
Bridge Log Book
The bridge log book is a document
used to record a variety of facts, observations,
and situations. It also includes emergency
situations and activities, and used for
reference such as case study, and insurance
reasons as a result of loss of the property of
ship and damages.

The logbook is regarded as a regular record of all official activities, such as Arrival
/ Departure from port to port, position of the ship, tests of equipment, Emergency Drills
onboard, Tank Soundings, Fuel, and etc.

Oil Record Book

In accordance with Annex I of MARPOL 73/78,
it states that each oil tanker of 150 GT and above and
every ship of 400 GT and above shall be provided
with an Oil Record Book Part I (Machinery Spaces)
and each oil tanker of 150 GT and above to carry an
Oil Record Book Part II (Oil Cargo Ops).

Everything that is related to oil and its handling

on the vessel is a mandatory record. The inspectors
or auditors that will come in the ship for surveys will
have to examine the record on a regular basis. In
addition, the log is checked carefully that even a tiny
little bit of overwriting can be scary thing to happen.

Garbage Record Book

As specified in the Regulation 10,
Annex V of MARPOL 73/78, The Garbage
Record Book needs to be maintained which
all garbage disposals, accidental losses, and
discharges are recorded.

In order to avoid the doubts of the

inspectors when they examine, the person in
charge of the Garbage Record Book must
ensure that it is consistent and accurately
filled throughout his duty.
Engine Log Book
An engine log book keeps account of all ship machinery parameters, performance,
maintenance, and failures.

The recorded numbers and information are used

as a reference, to compare and record data that
can be utilized to file an insurance claim if an
accident occurs.

A responsible watch keeping engineer has to fill

the log book on his respective time without fail,
together with the signature of all watch keepers for
their concerned time of watch.

Radio Log Book (GMDSS)

The Master must appoint one or more
crew members, usually the person/s competent
for distress and safety radio communications, to
keep the radio log and perform the necessary
inspections and checks on the equipment.

Communications relating to distress, and

safety messages must be summarized and
included in the radio record.

Dates and times in Coordinated

Universal Time, also facts about the ship’s
involvement and their positions, should be
added in the summary.

Ballast Water Record Book

Entries in the Ballast Water record book must be kept on the ship for at least two
years after the last entry is made, and at least three years in the control of the Company.

Each Ballast Water operation must be

completely recorded in the record book
without delay.

All entries must be signed by the officer in

command of the particular operation, and
each page that is completed must be signed
by the master.

The Ballast Water record book must be always kept and ready for inspection at all
times and may be kept on the towing ship in the case of an unmanned ship under tow.