UNIT ONE

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

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Overview

This part of the worktext is concerned with the concept of Analytic Geometry which
involves conic sections such as circles, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola. Circles will also be
discussed as part of the conic sections. Given a conic sections, we have to find the equations
and apply their concepts and principles in solving real life problem situations. In this unit, we
shall also discuss systems of equations that involve nonlinear equations.

Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of conic sections and systems of nonlinear equa

WORKTEXT IN PRECALCULUS
K – 12 Basic Education Curriculum
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 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO CONIC SECTIONS AND THE CIRCLE

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and degenerate cases,
define a circle,
determine the standard form of equation of a circle,
graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system, and
solve situational problems involving circles.

Performance Standard

The learners shall be able to model situations appropriately and solve

problems accurately using circles.

Time allotment: 4 hours (week 1)

Analytic Geometry is a branch of mathematics which uses algebra and coordinates to

solve geometric problems. It started when Reṅe Descartes (1596 – 1650) published his first
book on the subject titled “La Geometrie”. He demonstrated that he could solve problems in
geometry by using the process of algebra. He was the first one to use this method and has
been called the father of Analytic Geometry.
San Juanico Bridge is one of the great sceneries that one could ever have imagined of
when it comes to geometry. It stretches from Samar to Leyte with a total length of more than
two kilometres. It serves as the one of the thoroughfares of economic and social development
in the country. The whole and geometric structures are subtly built to serve other purpose.
The arch shaped support on the main span of the bridge maximizes its strength to withstand
mechanical resonance brought about by heavy vehicles and passing winds.

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 CONIC SECTIONS

A general equation of the second degree equation in two variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 has the
form:
𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0

where 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are not all zero. The graph of this equation is generally a circle, an ellipse,
a parabola or a hyperbola. Since these curves can be obtained from the intersection of a plane
with a right circular cone, they are often called conic sections or simply conics. These are
also known as nondegenerate conics.
The following figure illustrates how the conic section is formed.

A circle is formed when the plane is cut across the cone in

horizontal direction as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1

An ellipse is formed when the tilted plane intersects only one

cone to form a bounded region as in Fig 1.2.

Fig. 1.2

Fig.1.3 shows a parabola formed when the plane

intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve.

Fig. 1.3

A hyperbola is formed when the plane (not necessarily

vertical) intersects both cones to form two unbounded curves (each
called a branch of hyperbola) as illustrated in Fig 1.4.

Fig. 1.4

There are other ways for a plane and the cones to intersect to form what are referred
to as degenerate conics: a point, one line, and two lines.

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 Fig. 1.5 A point Fig. 1.6 one line Fig. 1.7 two lines

THE CIRCLES

A circle is a locus of point moving in a plane in such a way that its distance from a
fixed point remains constant. The fixed point is the center and the constant distance is the
radius of the circle.

Fig. 1.8

Using Fig. 1.8 let us derive the equation of the circle with center at C(h,k). The figure
shows a circle in the coordinate plane circumscribing a triangle CPQ. The equation of the
circle can be derived by using Pythagorean theorem as follows:

(𝐶𝑃)2 = (𝐶𝑄)2 + (𝑄𝑃)2

𝑟 2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2

or (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 (1)

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 We can also use the distance formula from point C to point P. That is,

𝐶𝑃 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2

or 𝑟 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2

Squaring both sides we get,

𝑟2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2

or (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 (2)

Equations (1) and (2) are both called the standard form of the equation of a circle. If
ℎ = 0 and 𝑘 = 0 in equation (1) or (2), then

(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = 𝑟2

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 (3)

Equation (3) is also an equation of a circle with center at the origin and 𝑟 is the radius
of the circle.

Examples

In each item, give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given conditions
1. Center at the origin, 𝑟 = 4
2. Center (−4, 3), 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = √7
3. Center (5, −6), tangent to the y-axis
4. Center (5, −6), tangent to the x-axis
5. Has a diameter with endpoints 𝐴(−4, 4) and 𝐵 (4, 2)

Solutions:

1. Since the center of the circle is at the origin, use eq. (3) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2, with 𝑟 = 4.
Substitute 𝑟 = 4 to the equation, we have

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2,
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 42
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

The graph of the resulting equation, 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 is given in Fig. 1.9.

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 Fig.1.9

2. The center of the circle is (−4, 3), with 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = √7. Using eq. (2), (𝑥 − ℎ)2 +
(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2, with ℎ = −4 and 𝑘 = 3. Substitute these values to the given
equation.

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2
[𝑥 − (−4)]2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = (√7 )2
(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟕

Fig.1.10 gives the graph of the resulting equation, (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑥 − 3)2 = 7.

Fig.1.10

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 3. The centre of a circle is at (5, −6) and the circle is the tangent to the y-axis

Since the circle is tangent to the y-axis, therefore the radius is equal to 5.
Using the equation (2), where the center is at (5, −6), we have:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2
(𝑥 − 5)2 + [𝑦 − (−6)]2 = 52
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

The graph of the resulting equation is given in Fig.1.11.

Fig.1.11

4. The center of the circle is at (5, -6) and the circle is tangent to the x-axis.

Since the circle is tangent to 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, then the distance from the center to the
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 is 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 away. Then, the equation of the circle is:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2
(𝑥 − 5)2 + [𝑦 − (−6)]2 = 62
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔

Therefore, the resulting equation (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 36 has the graph

given by Fig.1.12.

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 Fig.1.12

5. The circle has a diameter with endpoints 𝐴(−1,4) and 𝐵(4,2).

The diameter of the circle is the 𝑑 away from pt. A to pt. B.

𝑑 = √(4 + 1)2 + (2 − 4)2

𝑑 = √52 + (−2)2
𝑑 = √25 + 4
𝑑 = √29
𝑑 29
Since, 𝑑 = 2𝑟, 𝑟 = = √
2 2

The center of the circle is the midpoint between points 𝐴 and 𝐵.

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 −1 + 4 3
𝑥𝑚 = 2 = 2 = 2
𝑦1 + 𝑦2 4 + 2 6
𝑦𝑚 = 2 = 2 = 2= 3

Therefore, the center of the circle is at 𝐶(3

2
, 3).
So, the equation of the circle is therefore:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2

(𝑥 − 3 √29 2
) 2+ (𝑦 − 3) = 2 ( )
2 29
3 2
2
(𝑥 − ) 2+ (𝑦 − 3) =
2 4
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 The standard equation of the circle in no. 5 can be expanded in the following
procedure:
(𝑥 − 3 2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 29
2) = 4
9 29
𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + + 𝑦 − 6𝑦 + 9 =
2
4 4

Eliminate the denominator by multiplying the whole eq. by 4.

[𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 29 4
4 4 ]

4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 + 4𝑦 2 − 24𝑦 + 36 = 29

Combine similar terms and simplify.

4𝑥2 − 12𝑥 + 9 + 4𝑦2 − 24𝑦 + 36 − 29 = 0

4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 4𝑦2 − 24𝑦 + 16 = 0
4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 − 24𝑦 + 16 = 0
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎

Fig.1.13

The resulting equation of the circle is the general form equation of the circle.
If the equation of the circle is given by

𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0 , 𝐴 ≠ 0 (4)
or
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0 (5)

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 We can determine the standard form equation of a circle by completing the square in
both variables.

Examples

In each of the following items, identify the center and radius of the circle with the
given equation. Sketch each graph, and indicate the center.

1. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 = 7
2. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 14𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −14
3. 16𝑥2 + 16𝑦2 + 96𝑥 − 40𝑦 = 315

Solutions:

1. The equation of the circle, 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 = 7, is given in general form. To identify

the center and radius of the circle, we can use completing square.

𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦2 = 7
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + (3)2 + 𝑦2 = 7 + (3)2
𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦2 = 7 + 9
(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

Therefore, the circle has the center at 𝐶(3,0) and 𝑟 = 4. Fig.1.14 shows its graph.

Fig.1.14

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 2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 14𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −14
𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = −14
𝑥2 − 14𝑥 + 72 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑦 + 12 = −14 + 72 + 12
𝑥2 − 14𝑥 + 49 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = −14 + 49 + 1
(𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 36
(𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐

Therefore, the circle has a center at 𝐶(7, −1) and 𝑟 = 6 given in Fig.1.15.

Fig.1.15

3. 16𝑥2 + 16𝑦2 + 96𝑥 − 40𝑦 = 315

96𝑥 40𝑦 315
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 16 − 16 = 16
5𝑦 315
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − =
2 16
5𝑦 315
𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 𝑦 −
2 2
=
2 16
5𝑦 5 2 315 5 2

2 2
𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 3 + 𝑦 −
2 2 2
+[ ]= +3 +[ ]
2

2 2 16 2
5𝑦 2 315 5 2
2
𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 − + [5] = 16 + 9 + [ 4]
2
2 4

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 5𝑦 25 315 25
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦2 − + = +9+
2 16 16 16

5
2
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − ) = 340 + 9
4 16

5
2
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − ) 340+144
4 = 16
5
2
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − ) 484
4 = 16
5
2
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − ) 121
4 = 4
𝟐
𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟏
(𝒙 + 𝟑) + (𝒚 −𝟒) = ( 𝟐 )
5 11
Therefore, the circle has its center at 𝐶(−3, ) and 𝑟 = . The graph of the resulting
4 2
equation is shown in Fig.1.16

Fig.1.16

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 The following examples illustrate how the concept of circles can be applied in real life
situations.

Examples

1. A street with two lanes as shown, each 10 ft wider, goes through a semicircular tunnel
with radius 12 ft. How high is the tunnel at the edge of each lane? Round off your
answer to two decimal places.

Fig.1.17

Solution:

Since the tunnel has a given radius of 12 ft and the center is at the origin, the
equation of the circle is given by;

𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟 2
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 122
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 144

Point 𝑃 is the point on the arc just above the edge of the lane, at 𝑥 = 10 𝑓𝑡,
then:

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 144
102 + 𝑦2 = 144
100 + 𝑦 2 = 144
𝑦 2 = 144 − 100
𝑦2 = 44
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 𝑦 = ±√44
𝑦 = ±6.63 𝑓𝑡

Since, 𝑦 > 0, therefore 𝑦 = 6.63 𝑓𝑡 high

2. A piece of broken plate was dug up in an archaeological site. It was put on top of a
grid, as shown in the figure, with the arc of the plate passing through 𝐴(−7, 0),
𝐵(1,4) and 𝐶(7,2). Find its center, and the standard equation of the circle describing
the boundary of the plate.

Fig.1.18

Solution:

The figure above can be drawn as follows:

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 Fig.1.19

The midpoint between the segment 𝐴𝐵 (𝑀1), is given by:

−7+1 0+4
𝑀=( , ) = (−3,2)
1 2 2

The midpoint between the segment 𝐵𝐶 ( 𝑀2), is given by:

7+1 2+4
𝑀2 = ( , ) = (4,3)
2 2

Slope of segment 𝐴𝐵 ( 𝑚1):

4−0 4 1
𝑚1 = = =
1+7 8 2

Therefore, the slope of perpendicular bisector of segment 𝐴𝐵 (𝑚12), is given by:

1 1
𝑚12 = − = − = −2
𝑚 1 1
2

Slope of segment 𝐵𝐶 (𝑚2):

2−4 2 1
𝑚2 = =− =−
7−1 6 3
Therefore, the slope of perpendicular bisector of segment 𝐵𝐶 (𝑚22) is given by:

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 1 1
𝑚22 = − =− =3
𝑚 1
2 −
3
We need to determine the equation of the perpendicular bisector of segment 𝐴𝐵, that
is:

𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚12(𝑥 − 𝑥1)
𝑦 − 2 = −2(𝑥 + 3)
𝑦 − 2 = −2𝑥 − 6)
𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 6 + 2
𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 4 (1)

The equation of the perpendicular bisector of segment 𝐵𝐶, is also needed, and that
would be:

𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚22(𝑥 − 𝑥1)
𝑦 − 3 = 3(𝑥 − 4)
𝑦 − 3 = 3𝑥 − 12)
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 12 + 3
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 9 (2)

Equate equation (1) and (2)

−2𝑥 − 4 = 3𝑥 − 9
−2𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −9 + 4
−5𝑥 = −5
𝒙=𝟏

The value of y is given by:

𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 9
𝑦 = 3(1) − 9
𝑦=3−9
𝒚 = −𝟔

Therefore, the point (1, −6) is the intersection of the lines ℓ1 and ℓ2 is also the center
of the circle, that is 𝐶(1, −6). The radius of the circle is the line segment joining the center of
the circle to any point between𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶. That would be given from 𝐶 to point 𝐵 by using
the distance formula:

𝑟 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

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 𝑟 = √(1 − 1)2 + (−6 − 4)2

𝑟 = √02 + (−10)2

𝑟 = √100
𝑟 = 10

Therefore the standard equation of the circle is:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 102
(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

3. A stadium is shaped as in Fig.1.20, where it’s left and right ends are circular arcs both
with center at C. What is the length of the stadium 50 m from one of the straight
sides?

Fig.1.20

Solution:

From Fig.1.20, using the left circular arc of the end of a stadium where its
center is at point C. Now, since point C is the center of the arc, we can assume that
this point will be the origin of the coordinate plane and Fig.1.20 can be redrawn as in
Fig.1.21.
It can be noted that the stadium has a width of 200 m, therefore, the diameter
of the circular arc is also 200 m. Hence, the radius of the arc is 100 m.
Using the equation of the circle whose center is at the origin, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2,
the equation of the circular arc will now be

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (100)2 (1)

Since, we are asked to find the length of the stadium, the two 𝑥’𝑠 on both ends
is needed to find its value.

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 Fig.1.21

Using the left arc, from point A to point B is 𝑥 meters away, equation 1
will be used to solve 𝑥. That is,

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = (100)2 , at (𝑥, 50)

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 10,000
𝑥 2 + (50)2 = 10,000
𝑥 2 + 2,500 = 10,000
𝑥2 = 10,000 − 2,500
𝑥2 = 7,500

𝑥 = ±√7,500
𝑥 = ±86.6025
Since, the value of 𝑥 is at the negative 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, then 𝑥 = −86.6025.
However, the value of 𝑥 must be greater than 0 because it is a linear distance.
Therefore, 𝑥 = 86.6025 𝑚 on both ends of the stadium. Hence, the total
length of the stadium is:

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 = 𝑥 + 300 + 𝑥

= 86.6025 𝑚 + 300 𝑚 + 86.6025 𝑚
= 473.205 𝑚

Therefore, the stadium is about 473.205 𝑚 long.

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Conic sections or simply conic is defined to be the curves obtained from the intersection of a
plane with a right circular cone. These are also known as nondegenerate conics.

A circle is a locus of point moving in a plane in such a way that its distance from a fixed
point remains constant. The fixed point is the center and the constant distance is the radius
of the circle. The radius is the constant distance from the center to any point of the circle. It is
denoted by 𝑟.

The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at C(h, k) is:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2

The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at the origin is:

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2

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Name: Score:
Grade Level: Date :

1. Draw two inverted cones and illustrate how the different types of conic sections be cut
from these cones.
2. Find the standard equation of the circle being described and graph each item
a. Center at (6, 8) , radius 4.
b. Has a diameter with endpoints 𝐴(−3,2) and 𝐵(7,4).
3. Find the center and radius of the circle 9𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 + 42𝑥 + 84𝑦 + 65 = 0. Sketch
the graph and indicate these points.

4. A ferris wheel is elevated 1 𝑚 above the ground. When a

car reaches the highest point on the ferris wheel, its
altitude from the ground level is 31 𝑚. How far away
from the center, horizontally, is the car when it is at an
altitude of 25 𝑚?Ans.12m

F
Fig.1.22 Cross section of a Ferris
wheel

5. A circular play area with radius 3 m is to be

partitioned using a straight fence 1 m from the
center as shown. How long should the fence be?
Ans.5.66 m

Fig.1.23

6. A radio tower services a 10 mile radius. You stop your car 5 miles east and 8 miles
north of the tower. Will you be able to receive radio waves from the tower? Explain
your answer.
7. A cell phone tower in the University of Eastern Philippines is designed to service a 12
mile radius. The tower is located at (-3,5) on a coordinate plane whose units
represents miles. What is the standard equation of the outer boundary of the region
serviced by the tower? Is a cell phone user at (8, 0) within the service range? Explain.

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K – 12 Basic Education Curriculum
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Name: Score:
Grade Level: Date :

Show your solution here:

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 I. Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation in each item.
Sketch its graph and indicate the center. (Note: Solutions for items 1 to 15 are similar to pages
10,11, and 12).

1. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 49
2. 4𝑥2 + 4𝑦2 = 25 2
2 7 3 169
3.
(𝑥 − ) + (𝑦 + ) =
4 4 16
4. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 12𝑥 − 10𝑦 = −12
5. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 8𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 6
6. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 + 12𝑦 = −12
7. 2𝑥2 + 2𝑦2 − 14𝑥 + 18𝑦 = 7
8. 4𝑥2 + 4𝑦2 − 20𝑥 + 40𝑦 = −5
9. 2𝑥2 + 2𝑦2 + 10𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 7
10. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 0
11. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 8𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 28 = 0
12. 3𝑥2 + 3𝑦2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
13. 4𝑥2 + 4𝑦2 − 4𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 1 = 0
14. 9𝑥2 + 9𝑦2 − 12𝑦 = 5
15. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑥 − 26 = 0

II. Find the standard equation of the circle being described in each item. (Note: Solutions for
items 1 to 5 are similar to examples 1,2,3,4 on page 5).

1. Center at the origin, radius √11

2. Center at the origin, radius 4
3. Center at (-5,3) and tangent to the y-axis
4. Center at (-7,-2) and tangent to the y-
axis 5. Center at (-9,8) , 𝑟 = 2√3
6. Center at (-3,4) an passing through the origin. (Note: Use 𝑟 from center of the circle to the
origin of the coordinate plane)
7. Center at (-2,3), tangent to the line 𝑦 = 8. (Note: Use 𝑟 from center of the circle to the
point intersecting the tangent line)
8. Center at (-2,3) , tangent to the line 𝑥 = −10
9. Center in the third quadrant, tangent to both the x-axis and y-axis, radius is 7
10. Concentric with 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 5 , radius is 7. (Note: Concentric circles mean
common centers).
11. Concentric with 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 = −16 and 4 times the area of the given circle.
12. Center at (1,4) passing through (-2, 5)
13. Concentric 𝑥2+𝑦2 − 10𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −2 , same radius as 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 14 × +6𝑦 = −33

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 14. Center at C (3,4), tangent to the line 𝑦 = 1 𝑥 − 1. (Hint: Solve the slope of the tangent line
3 3
and its perpendicular line passing through the center of the circle, then find the point of tangency ).
15. Center at C (-4,3), tangent to the line 𝑦 = −4𝑥 − 30

III. Solve the following problems and illustrate each.

1. Find the area of the circle 3𝑥2 + 3𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 0

2. Find the circumference of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 10𝑦 − 20 = 0
3. A single lane street 10 ft. wide goes through a semicircular tunnel with radius 9 ft.
How high is the tunnel at the edge of each lane? Round off to 2 decimal places.
Ans.7.48 ft
4. An archaeologist found the remains of an ancient wheel, which she then replaced on a
grid. If an arc of the wheel passes through A (-7, 0), B (-3, 4), and C (7, 0), locate the
center of the circle defining its boundary.
5. A seismological station is located at (0, -3), 3 km away from a straight shoreline
where the x-axis runs through the epicenter of an earthquake was determined to be
6km away from the station.
a. Find the equation of the curve that contains the possible location of the epicenter.
b. If further, the epicentre was determined to be 2km away from the shore, find its
possible coordinates (round off to two decimal places). Ans. (3.32, 2)
6. A Cartesian coordinate system was used to identify locations on a circular track. As
shown in Fig.1.24, the circular track contains the points 𝐴(−2, −4), 𝐵(−2,3), 𝐶(5,2).
Find the total length of the track. Ans.29.26 units

Fig.1.24

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 1. Surf the net to learn more about circles at
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra2/intro-to-conics-alg2/expanded-
equation-circle-alg2/a/circle-equation-review.

2. Use GeoGebra or other graphing software to sketch the following problems. Show
your solutions for each item.
a. 4𝑥2 + 12𝑥 + 4𝑦2 + 16𝑦 − 11 = 0
b. A concentric circle with 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 0 and has the same
circumference as 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 62 = 0
c. A circle with center at (−5, −1) and tangent to the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 10 = 0.

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