Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Concrete 1

STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD 409.3.5 — For post-tensioned anchorage zone design, a load 1. There are two or more spans,
(formerly Ultimate Strength Design) factor of 1.2 shall be applied to the maximum tendon jacking
force. 2. Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two
Design Principle: adjacent clear spans not greater than the shorter by
Strength Strength Required to more than 20 percent,
2015 NSCP Load Combinations Summary
Provided  Carry Factored Loads From Table 405.3.1 3. Loads are uniformly distributed,
U = 1.4(D) (405.31a)
U = 1.2(D ) + 1.6(L) + 0.5(Lr or R) (405.31b) 4. Unfactored live load, L, does not exceed three times
Provisions from 2010 NSCP: U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.5W) (405.31c) unfactored dead load, D, and
409.3 — Required strength U = 1.2D + 1.0W + 1.0L + 0.5(Lr or R) (405.31d) 5. Members are prismatic.
409.3.1 — Required strength U shall be at least equal to the U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L (405.31e)
effects of factored loads in Eq. (409-1) through (409-7). The U = 0.9D + 1.0W (405.31f)
effect of one or more loads not acting simultaneously shall be U = 0.9D + 1.0E (405.31g) Positive Moment
investigated. End spans:
U = 1.4(D + F ) (409-1) Design strength Discontinuous end
U = 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R) (409-2) Design strength provided by a member, its connections to unrestrained . . . . . . . . . . . …. . . . wuln²/11
U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.8W) (409-3) other members, and its cross sections, in terms of flexure, axial Discontinuous end integral
U = 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0L + 0.5(Lr or R) (409-4) load, shear, and torsion, shall be taken as the nominal with support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... wuln²/14
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L (409-5) strength calculated in accordance with requirements and Interior spans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….. wuln²/16
U = 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H (409-6) assumptions of this Section, multiplied by the strength
U = 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H (409-7) reduction factor φ.
except as follows: Negative Moment at exterior face
1. The load factor on the live load L in Eq. 409-3 to 409-5 shall Values of φ: of first interior support
be permitted to be reduced to 0.5 except for garages, areas 2001 2010/2015 Two spans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……. wuln²/9
occupied as places of public assembly, and all areas where NSCP NSCP More than two spans . . . . . . . . . . . . …... wuln²/10
L is greater than 4.8 kN/m2. Flexure (tension-controlled) 0.9 0.9 Negative Moment at other faces of
Compression-controlled Section interior supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….. . . . wuln²/11
2. Where wind load W has not been reduced by a directionality 0.75 0.75
with spirals Negative Moment at face of all
factor, it shall be permitted to use 1.3W in place of 1.6W in Other compression-controlled
0.70 0.65 supports for:
Eq. 409-4 and 409-6. Section Slabs with spans not exceeding
3. Where E, the load effects of earthquake, is based on service- Shear and torsion 0.85 0.75 3m; and Beams where ratio of
level seismic forces, 1.4E shall be used in place of 1.0E in Bearing on concrete (except sum of column stiffnesses to
0.70 0.65
Eq. 409-5 and 409-7. for post-tensioned anchorage) beam stiff-nesses exceeds eight
post-tensioned anchorage zones 0.85 0.85 at each
4. The load factor on H, loads due to weight and pressure of soil,
water in soil, or other materials, shall be set equal to zero 2010/2015 NSCP: For sections in which the net tensile strain end of the span . . . . . . . . . …….. . . . . . . . . wuln²/12
in Eq. 409-6 and 409-7 if the structural action due to H εt, is between the limits for compression-controlled and Negative Moment at interior face of
counteracts that due to W or E. Where lateral earth tension-controlled sections, φ shall be permitted to be linearly exterior supports for members built
pressure provides resistance to structural actions from increased from that for compression-controlled sections to integrally with supports
other forces, it shall not be included in H but shall be 0.90 as εt increases from the compression-controlled strain Where support is a spandrel
included in the design resistance. limit to 0.005. beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …….. . . . . . . . wuln²/24
409.3.2 — If resistance to impact effects is taken into account When support is a column………………. wuln²/16
in design, such effects shall be included with live load L.
409.3.3 — Estimations of differential settlement, creep, Shear in end members at face of
SHEAR AND MOMENT COEFFICIENTS First interior support . . . . . ……………….. . . . . 1.15wuln/2
shrinkage, expansion of shrinkage-compensating concrete, or
temperature change shall be based on a realistic assessment of Shear at face of all other supports . . . .... . . . wuln/2
408.4.3 As an alternate to frame analysis, the following
such effects occurring in service. approximate moments and shears shall be permitted to be
Note: ln = clear span for positive moment or shear and
409.3.4 — If a structure is in a flood zone, or is subjected to used in design of continuous beams and one-way slabs (slabs
forces from atmospheric precipitations, the flood loads and the average of adjacent clear spans for negative moment
reinforced to resist flexural stresses in only one direction),
appropriate load combinations of ASCE/SEI 7 shall be used.
provided:

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Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Concrete 1
Summary of ACI moment coefficients: FLOOR LOAD DISTRIBUTION Load distribution for a two‐way slab:

Case 1:
Discontinuous end
If S/L < 0.5, one way slab.
unrestrained:

Spandrel: Supports to consider are on two opposite sides only. Loads

is distributed equally on the two supporting beams.
Column:


(a) beams with more than two spans

Discontinuous end
unrestrained:
Spandrel:

Column:
Equivalent uniform load carried by the shorter beam.

q𝑠
𝑤
(b) beams with two spans only 3


(c) slabs with spans not exceeding 3 meters Case 2: 𝑠
𝑠
If S/L ≥ 0.5, two way slab.
Slabs are supported on all four sides. In two way slabs,
load will be carried in both the directions.
Equivalent uniform load carried by the longer beam.
q 𝑠 3 𝑚
𝑤
(d) beams in which the sum of column stiffnesses 3 2
exceeds 8 times the sum of beam stiffnesses at
each end of the span

𝐿 𝐿

Where:
S = shorter span
L = longer span

m = S/L
q = floor load per unit area

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Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Concrete 1
Problem 1 PROBLEM for PRACTICE
Section 409.3.1 of the 2010 NSCP provides the calculation Problem 3
of the required strength U as follows: Problem 4
Reference: FIGURE RCF-002
U = 1.4(D + F ) In accordance with the provisions of the 2010 NSCP,
DATA : Beam width = 300mm the required strength U shall be at least equal to the effects
U = 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R) Beam total depth = 500mm below the
U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.8W) of the factored loads below where the effects of one or more
100mm thick slab
U = 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0L + 0.5(Lr or R) loads not acting simultaneously shall be investigated:
All columns = 500mm x 500mm
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L U = 1.4D
Floor dead load = 3.2 kPa (superimposed on slab)
U = 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H U = 1.2D+1.6L
Floor live load = 3.6 kPa
U = 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H U = 1.2D+1.6L+0.8W
Unit weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3
Results of the frame analysis of a certain structure provides the U = 1.2D+1.0E+1.0L
Factored load, U = 1.2D + 1.6L U = 0.9D+1.6W
following values of loads for one of the critical members:
Gravity loads: Dead load, D = 150 kN, Roof live load, Lr = 60 kN, All spans are referred to the centerline of the Result from elastic analysis of a concrete beam yields the
Floor live load, L = 240 kN columns. EI value is assumed constant. Use the following values of the un-factored (service) moments:
Wind load : W = 50 kN (compression); W = 20 kN (tension) tributary area method. For moment and shear Dead load moment = 50 kN-m, Live load moment = 80 kN-
Seismic load : E = 40 kN (compression); E = 15 kN (tension) calculations, use the NSCP Coefficients. m, Wind load moment = 60 kN-m, Earthquake moment =
100 kN-m. Determine the value of the factored moment (kN-
1. Determine the factored load (kN) if dead load and live 1. If S1 = 2.5m and L1 = L2 = 6.5m, find the factored shear m) that will be used in designing the member.
load combination governs. (KN) at D of Beam DE.
A. 141 B. 188 C. 236 D. 240
2. Determine the design compression load if wind load A. 110.11 C. 126.63
combination governs. B. 115.44 D. 12.32
Problem 5
3. Determine the value of factored compression load (kN) if 2. If S1 = 2.5m and L1 = L2 = 6.5m, determine the factored Refer to Figure - 1. A reinforced concrete floor consists
seismic governs in the design. moment (kN-m) at end D of Beam DE. of beams (b x h = 300 mm x 400 mm). Clear concrete cover
4. Determine the critical factored load (kN) that will be used A. 0.00 C. 59.60 = 50 mm; L1 = 5.3m; L2 = 5.8m; L3 = 5.3m; Slab thickness, t
in the design of the member. B. 56.89 D. 89.47 = 100 mm; concrete strength, f’c = 30 MPa; steel strength, fy
3. If S1 = 4.0m and L1 = L2 = 6.5m, determine the factored = 415 MPa; main reinforcement = 25 mm diameter; ties =
Problem 2 shear (KN) at H of Beam GH. 12mm diameter. For shear and moment calculations, use
A continuous beam is to be subjected to a total uniform A. 166 C. 155 NSCP coefficient method. Assume 300x300 column
dead load of 10 kN/m and live load of 25 kN/m. Use NSCP B. 143 D. 123 dimensions.
coefficient method. Refer to Figure – 4. U = 1.2D + 1.6L.
1. Find the shear Vu (kN), at end J of span IJ if the total
1. Find the factored moment at H.
ultimate load wu = 36 kN/m.
2. Determine the factored moment at C.
2. What is the moment, Mu (kN/m) at end J of span JK if
3. Find the factored moment at I. the total ultimate load wu = 36 kN/m.
4. Calculate the factored shear at G.
5. Find the factored axial force at the second support
from the right end.
0.5m x0.5m column (typ)
Pu = 567 .2 kN

A B C D E F G H I

7m 8m 7m Figure – 1

Figure – 4 Figure RCF‐002

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Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Concrete 1
Problem 6( Similar to CE BD NOV 2016 – Questions
1,2,3) 2. The equivalent uniform factored load on beam DE in
Refer to FIGURE-1 . For shear and moment KN/m if S = 2.5m and L1 = L2 = 6.5m.
calculations, use the NSCP coefficients (Section 408-4). A. 26.78 B. 29.18 C. 35.52 D. 36.38

Given spans are referred to the centerline of the supporting
columns. 3. The equivalent uniform factored load on beam EH in
Given : L1 = L2 = 6 m L3 = 7.0 m S = 2.5 m KN/m if S = 2.5m and L1 = L2 = 6.5m.
Beam section (All beams), bxh = 350mm x 450mm A. 17.6 B. 3.2 C. 4.32 D. 9.0
Slab thickness, t = 100mm

Use 350x350mm. dimensions for all columns.
Materials : fc’ = 27.5 MPa fy = 415 MPa

Loads : U = 1.2D+1.6L
Dead load, wD = 5.0 kPa

Live load, wL = 3.6 kPa
1. What is the moment (kN-m) at end F of the beam EF ?
A. 144.1 B. 105.8 C. 93.8 D. 117.6

2. Find the moment (kN-m) at midspan of beam FG.
A. 67.0 B. 58. C. 85.3 D. 117.3 Figure – 2
3. What is the shear (kN) at end F of beam EF?
A. 83.0 B. 95.5 C. 101.4 D. 99.2
Problem 8

4. Determine the maximum moment (kN-m). A continuous beam is to be subjected to a total uniform
A. 93.8 B. 111.2 C. 118.2 D. 130.01 dead load of 10 kN/m and live load of 25 kN/m. Use NSCP
coefficient method. Refer to Figure – 4. U = 1.2D + 1.6L.
5. Find the value of the maximum shear (kN).
A. 112.4 B. 95.5 C. 97.7 D. 83.04 1. Calculate the factored moment at E.

6. Determine the maximum reaction (kN). 2. Calculate the factored moment at D.
A. 95.5 B. 112.4 C. 178.6 D. 195.5
3. Determine the factored shear at D.

Problem 7 (Reference : FIGURE 2)
Use the tributary area method. EI value is assumed
constant. All spans are referred to the centerline of the
members.
DATA : Beam width = 300mm
Beam depth = 500mm below the 100mm thick slab
All columns = 500mm x 500mm
Floor dead load = 3.2 kPa
Floor live load = 3.6 kPa
Unit weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3

Factored load, U = 1.2D + 1.6L
1. The equivalent uniform service dead load on beam DE
in KN/m if S = 2.5m and L1=L2=6.5m.

A. 8.0 B. 12.3 C. 14.0 D. 17.6
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