Plumbing Basic Course

ENGOSOFT
Course Contents

Plumbing Introduction

Part I : Water supply system

Part II : Drainage system

Plumbing Introduction

01- Plumbing Definition

02- Plumbing (Topics)

03- Plumbing Codes

04- Plumbing Fixtures

05- Project Stages

 01- Plumbing Definition
*Refer to Wikipedia website

➢ Is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures & other connections in buildings
& for bringing the supply fluid liquids, gas & removing them.
➢ From the Latin plumbum for lead as pipes were once made from lead.
➢ Refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution of
potable water and the removal of water borne wastes.
01- Plumbing Definition Cont’d

Ancient Toilet Modern Toilet

02- Plumbing (Topics)

Water supply & drainage

03- Plumbing codes

Code Title
NSPC National standard plumbing code
IPC International plumbing code
UPC Uniform plumbing code
ASPE American society of plumbing engineering
EGYPTIAN ‫الكود المصري ألسس تصميم وشروط التنفيذ لهندسة التركيبات الصحة في المباني‬
CODE 301‫كود‬

➢ Educational book
 Engineered plumbing design by [Dr Alfred Steele]
 Practical Plumbing Design Guide.
04- Plumbing Fixtures
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)
*Refer to Beacon Design Manual

➢ Water Closet
• Operates by principal of siphon jet reverse trap

➢ Types
1. Flush Tank – typically for residential use
2. Flush Valve – typically for non-residential use (public places)
3. Floor mounted – typically for residential use
4. Wall mounted – for residential and non-residential use (more hygienic)
5. Handicapped
6. Asiatic WC
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Water Closet
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Water Closet flushing methods

01- Flush tank 02- Flush Valve

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Flush Tank Water Closet types

01- Exposed flush tank 02- Recessed flush tank

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Water Closet discharge types

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Handicapped water closet

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Asiatic WC
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Bidet
• The bidet is about the same size and shape as a water closet and could be
classified as a small bath. It is used primarily for washing the anal regions
after using the water closet.
• The hot and cold water supply and the drain fitting are very similar to those
used for lavatories, Instead of the water entering the bowl from a spout,
however, it is introduced through a flushing rim
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Urinals
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Lavatories
1. Wall Hung
• Splash back (most common)
• Slab
• Shelf Back
• Ledge Back
• Pedestal
• Half pedestal
2. Above & Under Counter
3. Handicapped
4. Sterilization
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Lavatories (Cont’d)
1. Wall Hung

Splash Back Slab Shelf Back

Pedestal Half Pedestal Ledge Back

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Lavatories (Cont’d)
2. Above & under counter

Under Counter Above Counter

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Lavatories (Cont’d)
2. Handicapped
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Lavatories (Cont’d)
3. Sterilization
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Janitor (Service Sink)

• Wall mounted faucet, pail hook and hose
• Vacuum breaker prevents backflow
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Vacuum breaker
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Kitchen Sink

Two Bowl Single Bowl Commercial

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Showers

Shower Experience Shower

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Bathtub
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Emergency Eye Wash

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Emergency Shower
04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Others

Laundry Ice Maker Steam Room (Spa)

04- Plumbing Fixtures (Cont’d)

➢ Important links

www.idealstandard-egypt.com

www.grohe.com

Low flow mixers ???

05- Project Stages

➢ Project Stages

Schematic
design and basis Developed
Concept design. Detailed design.
of design report design.
(BODR).

As built (after Tender

Shopdrawings.
construction). document.
04- Project Stages (Cont’d)

➢ Project Design Stages

Tanks

Pumps
Equipment
Heaters

Design Treatment units

Pipes
Piping
Valves
To Contents
Part I - Contents

01- Water Source

02- Water Supply Network

03- Water Supply Pumps

04- Hot Water Systems

05- Water Treatment Systems

06- WS System Hydrostatic test

WS System Components

Water
System

Water Network Outlet

Sources
Water Supply System
01- WS System Sources

➢ Water Supply Sources

Water
Sources

Municipality Well Tanks

Non-
Potable Grey Storm Irrigation Fire Fighting
Potable.
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Municipality Water
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Municipality Water
• Corporation Stop Valve
A connection to the street main that is approved by the municipal water
authority, consisting of a connection or tap, and a valve.
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to NSPC 2009Ed Cha.10 – Sec. 10.12.1

➢ Municipality Water
• Curb Stop Valve
An underground valve accessible from the surface to enable shut-off of the
water service from outside of a building.
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Well Water
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Well Water
• Generally, well water can be made potable by on-site treatment systems.

• The water is first tested to determine the type of treatment that is required.

• Types of contamination
a) Bacterial
b) Chemical
c) Other way
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Tanks (Types)

01-Potable

02-Non-Potable (01) (02)

03-Gray
Tank

04-Storm
(03) (04)
05-Irrigation

06-Fire Fighting

(05) (06)
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Tanks
Tank

Underground Roof Ground

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Tanks (Material)

1- Concrete tanks.
2- Steel tanks.
3- PPr tanks. ( most popular these days)
4- Sectional Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Tanks Volume

Tank

Water Storage Available

Demand Duration Area
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Demand
• Water Demand (Storage capacity and Storage Duration) shall be
estimated to ensure continuous supply water whenever needed by
project occupants or equipment.
• Water Demand (Storage capacity and Storage Duration) varies from
one project to another.
• Amount of stored water should be estimated to avoid
– Overestimation of stored water to avoid (Hug Capacity and High cost).
– Underestimation (shortage of water).
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Demand Calculation

No. of
occupants
• Hotel • From code
• Office building according to Storage duration
• Data from project application.
Architect.
• Furniture of
Building type drawing plans. Water dement
per occupants
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Potable water tank sizing

No of Demand Storage Tank

Application
capita Per Capita days volume

Tank Volume = No of capita X demand/capita X Storage days

• Application : Hotel, Apartments, Club, School, Factory …….

• No of capita : Person, Meal, Seat, Student, Room …… (From arch.)
• Demand Per Capita : Tables (From local or international codes)
• Storage days : 1 day for elevated tank & 2days for ground/underground tanks (depend
on project nature and water stability and designer decision)
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to NFPA 101 – 2018ED

➢ No. of capita (From NFPA 101)

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to NFPA 101 – 2018ED

➢ No. of capita (From NFPA 101)

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to practical plumbing design guide (James C.Church)

➢ Demand per capita (From Practical plumbing design guide)

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to ASPE 2013ED Volume-4 table (10-3)

➢ Demand per capita (From ASPE)

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to Egyptian Plumbing code – 2009ED (code 301/1)

➢ Demand per capita (From Egyptian plumbing code)

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to kahramaa regulations

➢ Demand per capita (From Qatar Kahramaa regulations)

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Demand Calculation (Cont’d)

Example (01)
• Estimate domestic water Supply demand for office building with occupancy
1600 person and work hours are 8 hr.
• Estimate domestic water Supply demand for school with occupancy 500
student.
• Estimate domestic water Supply demand for school with occupancy 500
student and have showers and cafeteria .
• Estimate domestic water Supply demand for hospital with occupancy 100 bed.
.
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)
*Refer to IPC 2009Ed Chapter 6 – Sec/606

➢ Water tank pipe size

01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Tanks (Elevated)

• Roof tanks should be elevated enough above roof level to have enough
pressure for the upper apartment , otherwise booster pump is needed.
01- WS System Sources (Cont’d)

➢ Water Tanks (Elevated)

• Minimum head for plumbing fixture
shall follow the IPC table 604.3
water distribution system design
criteria required capacity at fixture
supply pipe outlets.
• Total Water Flow for fixtures not
equal to algebraic sum.