Neuro Part 1/5 Automatic Nervous System

Nervous System Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Thoracolumbar Craniosacral
1. Central Nervous System – upper motor Division Division
neuron lesion T1 to L3 (Cranial Nerves
a. Brain STRESS and Sacral Roots)
b. Spinal cord (SCI) PAHINGA
2. Peripheral Nervous System – lower motor  Fight and Flight  CN – 1973 (10
neuron lesion Response – face and 9)
a. Spinal Nerves – 31 pairs of Spinal or run from the Cranial Nerve
Nerves situation used Nuclei
b. Cranial Nerves – 12 pairs of cranial during CN10 – Dorsal
nerves emergency Motor
c. Plexuses – situations. Nucleus/Dorsal
 Excitement and Vagal Nucleus –
d. Ganglia – singular: ganglion. Collection
Exercise innervates heart,
of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS.
 Increase in Heart lungs, and GIT.
*basal nuclei
rate (tachycardia) Longest Cranial
*Dorsal Root Ganglion Nerve
 Adrenaline Rush
* Peripheral Nervous Injury – common in (Adrenergic CN9 – Inferior
Response) → Salivatory Nucleus
brachial plexus (upper ext. nerves)
Epinephrine/Nor CN7 - Superior
Two Functional Subdivisions of the Peripheral epinephrine Salivatory Nucleus
Nervous System Glands for Saliva
 Parotid
1. Autonomic Nervous System (largest) #9
- Regulated by the hypothalamus →  Sublingual
homeostasis – under
- 2-neuron hook up – two neurons the tongue
will hook up before going to the  Submandib
organ ular –
- Innervate visceral and glands → under the
involuntary structures (automatic mandible
structures) CN3 - Edinger
Westphal Nucleus
Example: heart, GIT
PERRLA – Pupils
Glands: sweat and salivary glands
equally rounded
a. Sympathetic reactive to light
b. Parasympathetic and
2. Somatic Nervous System accommodation
 Skeletal Muscles → efferent, SR – S2 to S4 →
voluntary, striated. Nerve Supply of
 Skin Urinary Bladder
 Joints  Rest and
Digest
 Conservation
of Energy
 *Dyspepsia/
Indigestion
 Cholinergic →
Acetylcholine
 Two-neuron hook  Two-neuron
up (pre, ganglion, hook up (pre,
post-ganglion) ganglion, post-
Distance: shorter ganglion)
pre-ganglionic  Distance:
the longer the longer pr-
distance to the ganglionic the
organ nearer to the
 Diffused organ
Response  Localized
 Neurotransmitter Response
Agent from:  Neurotransmi
pre-ganglionic: tter Agent:
- Acetylcho Pre-ganglionic –
line Acetylcholine
Post-ganglionic: Post-ganglionic –
Norepinephrine acetylcholine
Organ S P
 Parotitis (Mumps) – inflammation of the Heart ↑ HR ↓ HR (CN10)
Parotid Gland Co
Stroke Volume (SU)
Test of Accommodation (3Cs) Force
1. Convergence of the eyes (Medial Rectal GIT ↓ Peristalsis ↑ Peristalsis
Muscles) Constipation Gastric Motility
2. Constriction of the Pupil Digestion
3. Curvature of the lens increase Gastric Juice
(convexity) Increase
Pancreatic Ax
Generalization (Guyton) Salivation (CN7/9)
1. All pre-ganglionic terminals: cholinergic BP ↑ due to ↓
2. All post-ganglionic parasympathetic peripheral
terminals: cholinergic vasoconstriction
Muscles in
3. Almost all of post-ganglionic
vasodilation
sympathetic: adrenergic
Coronary Artery
exceptions: sweat glands and piloerector dilation and
muscles (cholinergic/acetylcholine) muscles dilation
Bronchodilation Bronchoconstriction
(Bronchospasm)
Pupils

Demand increases blood flow = vasoconstriction

Example: exercise, LE vasodilate increase in
demand of blood due to activity

Coronary artery = sympathetic = increase in

pumping = vasodilation?

Example = asthmatic patient given

bronchodilators. Sympathomimetic

Betablockers = names with +olol sympatholytic

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