5.3.3 Avoidance 5.3.3.

1 Features of a Tropical Revolving Storm The Track is the historical route the storm has followed. The Path is the route the storm is forecast to follow. The Trough Line is a line through the centre at right angles to the path. The Vortex is the eye of the storm. The Vertex is the westerly extremity of the path when the storm recurves. The Dangerous Quadrant is the Advance Right Quadrant of the storm in the Norther n Hemisphere, and the Advance Left Quadrant in the Southern Hemisphere. This is because: The storm is likely to recurve in this direction. Winds tend to drive the vessel into the Path of the storm. Sea waves running toward the Path hamper movement a way from the Path. The cross swell from the vicinity of the Trough Line running across the sea waves is likely to be more severe in this quadrant. Wave heights are likely to be higher in this area. The navigable Semicircle is the Left Semicircle in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Right Semicircle in the Southern Hemisphere. The storm is unlikely to move into this area. Winds tend to drive the vessel ou t of the path of the storm in the advance quadrant Merchant vessels are obliged by law to carry certain marine publications of the following nature in addition to sufficient navigational charts for the intended journey: 1. Weekly Notices to Mariners 2. Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners 3a. Marine Shipping Notices 3b. Marine Information Notices 3c. Marine Guidance Notices 4. Mariners Handbook 5. Admiralty List of Radio Signals 6. Admiralty List of Lights 7. Admiralty Sailing Directions 8. Admiralty Tide Tables 9. Nautical Almanac 10. Nautical Tables 11. Oil Record Book 12. International Code of Signals 13. Tidal Stream Atlas 14. Code of Safe Working Practice 15. IMDG Code. In addition to the above, The Regulations for the Prevention of Collision at Sea Chart Abbreviations (No. 5011) IAMSAR Manual Ship Routeing and Traffic Separation Schemes Ship Master s Medical Guide Stability Information Booklet Relevant Statutory Instruments and if relevant to the trade: Code of Safe Working Practice for Bulk Cargoes Manual on the Avoidance of Oil Pollution Tanker Safety Guide Cargo securing manual (Ro-Ro vessels). ============================== below printed firstly navigation bulb is a double filament bulb.... normal bulb is monofilament... secondly navigation bulb has a di-optic lens... these questions n answers are as

per Capt. J.B. Singh nav bulb complies wid standards given in Annex I (part 7 and 8) ITU PUBS REQUIRED TO BE CARRIED Manual for Use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services (Ma ritime Manual) The Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services reflects the regulato ry provisions and the latest decisions concerning those services by ITU conferen ces (including relevant decisions pertaining to the introduction of new systems and techniques). As prescribed in Appendix 16 of the Radio Regulations, the Manual is required to be carried in stations on board ships. List IV - List of Coast Stations This List contains particulars of coast stations and coast earth stations provid ing a public correspondence service with their charges and accounting authoritie s. The List also contains an annex with particulars on different categories of s tations participating in the GMDSS (e.g. particulars of stations transmitting ma ritime safety information that participate in the NAVTEX services coordinated by the International Maritime Organization). In pursuance of Article 20 of the Radio Regulations, this Service Publication is published every two years and is kept up-to-date by means of three semi-annual supplements. As prescribed in Appendix 16 to the Radio Regulations, this List is required to be carried in stations on board ships for which a radiotelegraph in stallation is required by international agreement. It is also required to be carried in stations on board ships for which a radiote lephone is required by international agreement, and in stations on board ships f or which a GMDSS installation is required by international agreement, unless the se stations are sailing only within range of VHF coasts stations. List V - The List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignme nts The List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service Identity Assignments (List V) is a service publication prepared and issued, once a year, by the Internatio nal Telecommunication Union (ITU), in accordance with provision No. 20.8 of the Radio Regulations (RR). This List contains particulars of radio direction-finding stations, radiobeacon stations, DGNSS stations, stations transmitting regular meteorological bulletins , notices to navigators, medical advice, standard frequency, time signals and ur sigrams as well as direction-finder calibration stations. This Service Publication is drawn up by the ITU at intervals decided by the Secr etary-General, normally about every three and a half years, is kept up-to-date b y supplements published every six months. List VI - List of Radiodetermination and Special Service Stations This List is a service publication issued by ITU in pursuance of Article 20 of t he Radio Regulations (Edition of 2008). The List shall be provided to all ship r adiotelegraph stations as prescribed in Appendix 16 to the aforementioned Regula tions. The List will be brought up to date by six-monthly Supplements. List VII A - List of Call Signs and Numerical Identities of Stations Used by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services This List contains: 1. Allocation tables - International call sign series (Appendix 42 of the Radio Regulations), Blocks of coast station identification numbers, Blocks of selectiv e call numbers for ship stations and selective call numbers for groups of ship s tations and Maritime Identification Digits (MIDs). 2. Signals characterizing the emissions of radiobeacon stations and list of call

signs, used in the maritime mobile service. 3. Numerical identities used in the maritime mobile and maritime mobile-satellit e services - Maritime Mobile Service Identities (MMSIs), coast station identific ation numbers, ship station selective call numbers and Inmarsat communications s ystem numbers). 4. List of call signs and numerical identities assigned to predetermined groups of stations and a list of former-present call signs of ship stations. Note: Ship stations and ship earth stations contained in the List are those for which an MMSI number has been notified and published in the List of Ship Station s (with the exception of pleasure ships - general classification PL).

COLREG NEW AMENDMENTS ---------------------------------------Amendments to the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, were adopted by resolution A.1004(25) in November 2007. These amendments entered into force on 1 December 2009. -------------------------------------------In annex IV, Distress signals: 1 In 1 (d), the words radiotelegraphy or by any other are replaced with any . ------------------------------2 1 (l) is replaced with: (l) a distress alert by means of digital selective calling (DSC) transmitted on: (i) VHF channel 70, or (ii) MF/HF on the frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 kHz or 16804.5 kHz; ------------------------------------------------------------3 1 (m) is replaced with: (m) a ship-to-shore distress alert transmitted by the ship s Inmarsat or other mobile satellite service provider ship earth station; ----------------------------------------------------------4 In paragraph 3, the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual is replaced by the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual, Volume III, . What is a safe passing distance for vessels? According to Rule 16 there is no specified distance one must keep when crossing, meeting, or overtaking another vessel, other than, as the give-way vessel, you are to keep well clear. As to what distance a vessel may be required to take action to avoid collision, it will vary, however it should be in accordance with Rule 6, Safe Speed, and Ru le 8, Action to Avoid Collision. These rules which state amongst other things th at: Any alteration of course or speed shall be large enough to be readily appare nt to another vessel and taken early enough to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel and at a safe speed so that she can take prope r and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appro priate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. The provisions prescribed in action by the Give-Way Vessel and Stand-On Vessel a pply only when vessels are in sight of each other Effective 01 July 2010----------- 21 NAVAREAS

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAVAREA I UNITED KINGDOM SWEDEN Baltic Sea Sub-area NAVAREA II FRANCE NAVAREA III SPAIN NAVAREA IV UNITED STATES NAVAREA V BRAZIL NAVAREA VI ARGENTINA NAVAREA VII SOUTH AFRICA NAVAREA VIII INDIA NAVAREA IX PAKISTAN NAVAREA X AUSTRALIA NAVAREA XI JAPAN NAVAREA XII UNITED STATES NAVAREA XIII RUSSIAN FEDERATION NAVAREA XIV NEW ZEALAND NAVAREA XV CHILI NAVAREA XVI PERU ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 new Arctic NAVAREAs/METAREAs NAVAREA/METAREA XVII - CANADA NAVAREA/METAREA XVIII - CANADA NAVAREA/METAREA XIX - NORWAY NAVAREA/METAREA XX- RUSSIAN FEDERATION NAVAREA/METAREA XXI - RUSSIAN FEDERATION DIFFERENCE BETN EGC & MSI (i) International Safety NET service means the coordinated broadcasting and automated reception of maritime safety information via the Inmarsat Enhanced Group Call (EGC) system, using the English language, in accordance with the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended. -------------------------------------------------------------------------(ii) Local warning means a navigational warning which covers inshore waters, often within the limits of jurisdiction of a Harbour or port authority. --------------------------------------------------------------------------(iii) Maritime Safety Information (MSI) means navigational and meteorological warnings, meteorological forecasts and other urgent safety- related messages broadcast to ships. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------(iv) METREA means a geographical sea area established for the purpose of co-ordinating the broadcast of marine meteorological information. WHAT IS HARMONIC CONSTANT 1 ) O1, K1, M2, S2 in the tidal calculation by the harmonic method are the harmo nic constant. its constant for a port. the constant is based on a measurement by say a stick or something, whose actual depth is known. then the height of tide is calculated according to that height. What informations you will look for in the passage plan from Chief officers poin t on view

1 ) Density of water Arr/Dep Drafts Loadline Zones Ballast Water Exchange Req. 2 ) specially Load line zones 3 ) loadline zone, ukc, density, FW & fuel, PMS (depends wx & length of VOY), ve ntilation, SITUATION - You see a red lights on your port bow,Ships heading is 000(T),What c ould be the heading of target vessel? between 180 and 292.5 deg DEEP WATER ANCHORING any such question which surveyor asks u which involves precaution...keep one thi ng in mind..he wants u to be damn sure about the safety of crew and then safety of ship and environment... so begin ur answer by saying risk assessment and checklist of things u prepare f or while anchoring normally.. now since he has mentioned deep water specifically..u got to keep in mind that h e wants u to look at chart 1st before u go to anchor station..so that u estimate the length of cable u will pay out...also from chart ul check the nature of sea bed...then comes most imp statement...NEVER LET GO ANCHOR IN DEEP WATER...u hav e to pay out full length of cable on power..this is the most imp thing he wanna hear and probably he will change his question when he hears this statement..its the keyword slipping of anchor is done only in case of emergency..like we slip the anchor wh en our ship is not holding on one anchor so we slip another anchor wer we dont w aste time to start the windlass from eng room..or while dragging..another reason could be when ur machinery fails and u cant start the windlass to pay out of ha wse pipe..think about some very urgent situation and ull get through this questi on. Emergency Wreck-Marking Buoy 12 JAN 2006 ---------------------------------------------------------------A pillar or spar buoy, with size dependant on location. Coloured in equal number and dimensions of blue and yellow vertical stripes (minimum of 4 stripes and maximum of 8 stripes). Fitted with an alternating blue* and yellow flashing light with a nominal range of 4 nautical miles where the blue and yellow 1 second flashes are alternated with an interval of 0.5 seconds. If multiple buoys are deployed then the lights should be synchronised. Consideration should be given to the use of a racon Morse code D and/ or AIS transponder. The top mark, if fitted, is to be a standing/upright yellow cross. P.S.S.A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) is an area that needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognized ecological or s ocio-economic or scientific reasons and which may be vulnerable to damage by int ernational maritime activities. The criteria for the identification of particula rly sensitive sea areas and the criteria for the designation of special areas ar e not mutually exclusive. In many cases a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area may be identified within a Special Area and vice versa. List of adopted PSSAs

The following PSSAS have been designated: - the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (designated a PSSA in 1990) - the Sabana-Camagey Archipelago in Cuba (1997) - Malpelo Island, Colombia (2002) - the sea around the Florida Keys, United States (2002) - the Wadden Sea, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands (2002) - Paracas National Reserve, Peru (2003) - Western European Waters (2004) Extension of the existing Great Barrier Reef PSSA to include the Torres Strait ( proposed by Australia and Papua New Guinea) (2005) - Canary Islands, Spain (2005) - the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador (2005) - the Baltic Sea area, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Po land and Sweden (2005) - the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, United States(2007)