Quadratic Equation ⼆次⽅程

A quick review
To solve a x 2 + b x + c = 0 , where a ≠ 0 , we have 4 methods:

1. By Factorization
a x 2 + b x + c = 0 ⇒ a(x − α)(x − β ) = 0 Logic:
⇒ x − α = 0 or x − β = 0 For real numbers A and B ,
⇒ x = α or x = β if A B = 0 , then A = 0 or B = 0
2
• e.g. x − 3x + 2 = 0 ⇒ (x − 1)(x − 2) = 0 ⇒ x = 1 or x = 2

2. By Completing Square
a x 2 + b x + c = 0 ⇒ a[(x − A)2 − B ] = 0 Logic:
⇒ (x − A)2 = B For real number X and k ≥ 0
⇒ x −A =± B if X 2 = k , then X = ± k
⇒ x =A± B
• e.g. x 2 − 4x − 5 = 0 ⇒ (x − 2)2 − 9 = 0 ⇒ x − 2 = ± 3 ⇒ x = − 1 or x = 5

3. Quadratic Formula
−b ± b 2 − 4a c
a x2 + b x + c = 0 ⇒ x =
2a
−5 ± 52 − 4(3)(−7) −5 ± 109
• e.g. 3x 2 + 5x − 7 = 0 ⇒ x = =
2(3) 6

4. Casio fx-50FH Formula 01

Remark: The calculator cannot represent irrational number such as −1 + 2 in surd expression. Therefore, if you
are required to give exact value of the solution, the method is not applicable.

 Exercise

Solve the following quadratic equation.

1. (x − 2)(x + 3) = 0 2. (3x + 7)(5x − 2) = 0

3. 3x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0 4. x 2 + 24 = 10x

5. x 2 + 9x + 18 = 4 6. (x − 1)(3x + 8) = 20

7. (2x − 3)2 = 49 8. 3(x + 2)2 − 75 = 0

9. x2 + x − 1 = 0 10. x 2 − 4x + 2 = 0

11. 3x 2 + 12x + 7 = 0 12. 8x 2 + 4x − 6 = 0

 13. x (x − 2) = (2x + 1)(x − 2)

14. 4x (2x − 1) = (1 − 3x)(4x − 2)

15. Let a be a real constant. Solve the equation (x + 3a + 1)2 = a 2 .

16. Let k be a real constant. Solve the equation (x + 5k)2 = (2x − 1)(x + 5k) .

17. Let k be a real constant. Solve the equation (x − k)(x − 3k) = (2 − k)(2 − 3k) .