EXCAVATION

SAFETY
CVE179 – Uu Group 3

Cader, Soraya M.
Macadato, Abdul Raffy B.
Najeb, Rohadzma N.
Solaiman, Maryam Hafeesah M.
1

OBJECTIVES
To disacuss about excavation work and safety

2 To define the roles and responsibilities in

excavation

3 To discuss about managing and controlling

risks in excavation

4 To determine specific protective systems shall

be used
1

CONTENTS
TABLE OF
INTRODUCTION

2 ROLES
RESPONSIBILITIES

3 MANAGING RISKS

PLANNING THE

4 WORK

CONTROLLING

5 EXCAVATION
RISKS

6 PLANT, EQUIPMENT
 01
INTRODUCTION
 EXCAVATION
WORK
generally means work involving the
removal of soil or rock from a site to
form an open face, hole or cavity, using
tools, machinery or explosives.
 Open
Potholing
Excavations

Trenches &
Pit Excavations
Retaining Walls

Shafts & Drives

OPEN EXCAVATIONS
POTHOLING
PIT EXCAVATIONS
TRENCHES & RETAINING
WALLS
SHAFTS & DRIVES
 02
ROLES &
RESPONSIBILITIES
 COMPETENT
PCBU WORKERS PERSON
• Person Conducting a • Employees, • Classifying soil
Business or contractors, • Monitoring water
Undertaking apprentices and removal equipment
• Individual or trainees, and • Inspecting
organization volunteer workers protective systems
• Primary duty of care • Care of their own • Designing
health and safety
structural ramps
• Co-operate and
• Daily inspections
comply
 03
MANAGING
RISKS
 MANAGEMENT
RISK
30%
Review and if
necessary revise Identify hazards
controls

Maintain
60%
controls and Assess hazards
monitor worker and their risks
health

Eliminate risks
and put
controls in
place to
minimize risks
PLANNING
THE WORK
PLANNING THE
WORK
Planning involves identifying
v the hazards,
v assessing risks, and
v deciding suitable controls in
consultation with everyone involved in
the work
List of things needed to consider in
Planning under Excavation Safety
UTILITY SERVICES

SECURING THE
4.2

4.4
WORK
SAFE SYSTEM OF

4.1

4.3
WORK

NEAR
 Planning under Excavation Safety
List of things needed to consider in
HAZARDOUS
MANAGING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS

4.5 4.6

CONFINED SPACES EMERGENCY

PLANNING
4.7 4.8
 LOCATION

EQUIPMENTS

WORKERS
GROUND
2.
CONSULTIN
G A

CONDITIONS
COMPETEN
T PERSON

SITE CONDITIONS

THE EXCAVATION
4.2 UTILITY SERVICES

Services include gas, water,

stormwater, sewerage,
telecommunications and
electricity supply, chemicals,
fuel and refrigerant in pipes or
lines.
4.2
ULITY SERVICES

ESTABLISH WHERE
THE SERVICES ARE

HAVE PROCESSES IN
PLACE WHAT WORK METHODS
WILL YOU USE?
4.3 NEARBY BUILDINGS
OR STRUCTURES
Excavation work may seriously
affect the stability of any
structure near the excavation.
This may lead to structural
failure, or ground collapse
depending on the site’s ground conditions.
HAVE PROCESSES 4.4 SECURING THE WORK AREA
Site security should consider all risks
to workers and others. Establish the
work activity’s boundary before
IN PLACE

securing the work area.

Safety fences prevent people from gaining access
into hazardous areas. Guard any excavations to
which the public has or might gain access.
 4.5
MANAGING
TRAFFIC
• Manage traffic, including all road
users while the work takes place
with a temporary traffic
management plan (TMP).

• If excavations are to take place on or near a

road or transport corridor, obtain approval from
the Road Controlling Authority
 Finding out about the current use and
01
ground history of the work site before
assessing any risk

02
Investigating and testing if a dangerous
atmosphere will be present or is likely to be
present
03 determining if any live services

04
the geology
4.7 CONFINED SPACES
A confined space is an enclosed
or partially enclosed space, not
intended or designed primarily for
human occupancy.

The risks can be the following:

LOWER FLOWING OR FLAMMABE

AIRBORNE
CONCENTRATION RISING OF AIRBORNE
CONTAMINATION
OF OXYGEN LIQUIDS CONTAMINANTS
4.8 EMERGENCY PLANNING

The PCBU must make sure

the emergency plan deals
with unexpected incidents
such as ground slips,
flooding, gas leaks, and
how to rescue workers from
an excavation.
CONTROLLING
EXCAVATION RISKS
GROUND
COLLAPSE

01
Some types of ground collapse
are:
Some types of ground collapse
are:
Some types of ground collapse
are:
TYPES OF CONTROLS TO PREVENT GROUND COLLAPSE

BENCHING

BATTERING
TYPES OF CONTROLS TO PREVENT GROUND COLLAPSE

SHORING SHIELDING
 SOILS
TYPES OF
STABLE ROCK: TYPE A
Natural solid mineral A cohesive (tight) soil,
matter such as clay or rock

TYPE B: TYPE C:
A less cohesive soil The least cohesive
such as a mix of sand, soil such as gravel,
rocks, and clay sand and rocks
TYPES OF CONTROLS TO PREVENT GROUND COLLAPSE

ABOUT THE
PROJECT
TYPES OF CONTROLS TO PREVENT GROUND COLLAPSE

ABOUT THE
PROJECT
TYPES OF CONTROLS TO PREVENT GROUND COLLAPSE

ABOUT THE
PROJECT
TYPES OF CONTROLS TO PREVENT GROUND COLLAPSE

STABLE ROCK
ABOUT THE
PROJECT
 MANUAL WORK

MANAGING THE RISK:

-Providing safe access and egress
-Using correct lifting techniques
-Wearing correct PPE

02
-Keeping sites tidy
 OVERHEAD AND
UNDERGROUND SERVICES

SERVICE DISTANCE AWAY

CABLES, GAS TRANSMISSION OR HIGH

2m or more
PRESSURE PIPELINES

OVERHEAD POWER LINES 4m or more

POLE OR SUPPORT STAY 5m or more

03
TOWER 12m or more
OVERHEAD
POWER
LINES

MANAGING THE RISK:

-Carry out operator briefings to:
-clarify any MADS
-understand the mobile plant’s
capability
 CONTAMINATED SOILS AND
GROUNDWATER

Health monitoring applies to

workers if they are at risk of
airborne asbestos exposure.

04
 USING
EXPLOSIVE
S

Explosives must only be

used by an approved
handler.

05
EQUIPMENT
PLANT &

Use suitable plant and equipment

maintained in good condition to carry out
excavation work safely.

Mobile power plant safety

 DO
EXCAVATION CAN
WHAT AN
LIFT AND MOVE
MATERIALS

01 02

INSTALL AND
REMOVE SHORING

03
 CHECKS
01

Daily pre-start checks on the

general condition and
maintenance of the plant

02

Regular inspections by a
competent person, in
accordance with the
manufacturer/supplier’s
specifications or relevant
standards.
 AND MATERIALS
PLANT, EQUIPMENT,
CHECKING THE
Hearing and
Hard hat Eye
Protection

High-
visibility
clothing

Safety
footwear
 MACHINERY
EARTHMOVING
Bulldozers typically excavate and
move large amounts of material short
distances. They can be equipped with
hydraulically-operated rippers at the back
which are capable of loosening the hardest
of sedimentary rocks
 MACHINERY
EARTHMOVING
Self-propelled rubber-tyred

Scrapers can excavate and

haul very large quantities of material
economically over long distances at
relatively high speed.
 MACHINERY
EARTHMOVING
Excavation work exceeding 1.5 m deep is
typically done by excavators or
specialised plant such as Tunnelling

machines and Raise Bores.

 OPERATION NEAR EXCAVATIONS
Powered mobile plant should not operate
or travel near the edge of an excavation
unless the shoring can support such loads.

Workers should never stand under a load

being lifted over the excavation.
CAN YOU FIGURE OUT
THE BLIND SPOT?
Equip mobile plant operating near workers or
other plant with warning devices.

Establish an effective system of communication

based on two-way acknowledgement between
mobile plant operators and ground workers before
work starts.

Mobile plant operators and workers should be

familiar with the blind spots of the plant being used.

Make sure operators and workers wear high

visibility PPE.
 Powered mobile plant should be equipped
with an appropriate combination of operator
protection devices, for example an enclosed
cabin and seat belts, to prevent the operator
from ejecting from the cab or being struck
by falling objects
 QUICK HITCHES
Quick hitches allow a bucket or other attachment to be quickly
and easily connected and disconnected from an excavator or
backhoe arm, saving significant time during mobile plant
operation.

A pin holds the attachment in place against the quick hitch and
insures against accidental release.
CONCLUSION
Managing health and safety risks
associated in Excavation Work is a
critical key point in keeping the work
area and its people safe.
THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENING