NV aterm el feleses-109 contribute to YOU TeoMManre Ine] = There are a variety of process population change, the most birth rate, death rate and mig BIRTH RATE The birth rate of a society is an important factor in population growth or decline ‘es that contribute towards important of which are: ation, Figure 4), planning po. from the, govern during the encourage It is the number of er year. If this number is ive births per 1000 people p relatively high we expect to see increases in population oh Both high and low birth rates can put pressure on familes yp societies. High birth rates lead to large numbers of the ‘Stop an young people within a society who subsequently campaign need education and opportunities in the workforce. eam a Low birth rates, on the other hand, can lead to alack SOURCE of people to do certain jobs within a socety and 29. Etract about family planning policies introduced a ageing population that needs to be supported. i ‘As we saw on pages 85 and 86, the increase in global Singapore during the twentieth century from , https:/iremembersingapore.org/ population is starting to slow, which isan indicator that, globally, birth rates are decreasing. There are After the Second World War, Singapore experiencedz 2 variety of reasons why societies see reductions post-war baby boom. Overcrowding became aso ana ey meer sie wa clbealoriebalt issue, leading to varius problems in housing, ede family planning and birth control (for example, the medical and sanitation. After Singapore's indepen Pee ariarestees fanctenieode wihferale | omelet ona Le Kuan Yew vos concen empowerment and having the choice to have no the uncontrolled growing population would put sess? children or a smaller number of children the economy of a developing Singapore. Thus ei Family Programme was launched with the Family Pa™ Governments in the past have often been concerned about the birth rate in their countries. Some have introduced laws relating to bi have encouraged higher numbers of births to increase the size of the population and Population Board (FPPB) established in 1966. The campaign reached its peak after 1970, when jrth control while others _abortion and sterilisation were legalised. Wome” deemed low-educated with low incomes were use go for sterilisation after their second child, and@ ne of disincentives, such as lesser benefits in mater) leaves, housing allocations, tax deductions and ct educations, was implemented for those [that] a0 more. The campaign also aimed to discourage stop trying for a boy after having two gitls. ony?ACTIVITY: Family planning in Singapore See cae eke Seth) 1 What is the message of Source A? What are the values and limitations of it as a source of information? 2. According to Source B, why did the Singaporean government launch its birth control and family planning measures? 3 What were the methods used to implement this policy? Are there any ethical issues with these methods? 4 According to Source C, what evidence is there of the success of this policy? What challenges might Singapore face nowadays as a result of the birth rate in recent years? 5 Should governments try to control the size of their populations? Write a few paragraphs in response to this question. Try to bring in some specific supporting examples. PSioo sl 0) opportunities Pe eeren aCe crassa) aicaurs Pier to Rare Ril cielo Thinking critically (strands i, ii and iv). SOURCE C Ce noe San Sie a Average number of children per woman in Singapore between 1950 and 2010 Pearce) 1950 - 6.5 children 1990 ~ 1.8 children " r 1960 ~5.8 children 2000 ~ 1.6 children Rote eee i 1970 ~ 3.2 children 2010 - 1.3 children ssa St 1980 - 1.8 children eA 4 Where are all the people?DEATH RATE The de towards population change. number of deaths per 1000 country or region in year rate also involves understan which is the average 2 until. If higher then the overall d A number of factors contribut -y, many of which are tO a country, The more developed a cou expectanc population will be. Better s patient ratios and a higher expectancy. Convers expectancy as typically the overall ving standards are can change quickly if there is some in Table 4.2. m Table 4.2 Factors that c rear iee7 affect the death rate Conflict and war Epidemics Natural disasters Famine and drought feath rate is another fac .ge people are expec if the life expectancy oF feath rate decreases. ely, less developed countries ‘an severely affect the death rate tor that contributes itis a measure of the people in a particular Understanding the death ding life expectancy. ted to live fa particular society 15 Figure 4.9 Factors th forncreased life expectancy contribute h rate and higher life development within the more healthy its lities, better doctor er life tte towards a lower deat! do with the level of intry is, typically. ervices, such as health facil ual of life all contribute towards a high tend to have a lower life health services are of a poorer quality and the poorer. In addition, the death rate in a society kind of crisis or disaster, as shown Explanation Eo Conflict and war lead to dramatic loss First World War ~ approximately 38 milion 32" of life as well as injuries to people that | second World enon ere affect their overall quality of life. orks Wa Spee eae Diseases that spread as epidemics can Sj nish Fl a fe Pe econo 1am Mae aa During the medieval era, outbreaks of the plague killed huge proportions of populations. Floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, Westhquaen ; , j Earthquake in Haiti Se ee ene indeed Laas ee 2 eae can strike with deadly consequences When the food or water suppl ly becomes | Ethi 0000 Erie aa loritbe re Stam ond Ac eee famine S54 cia a ee amine in China during the late 1950s, €2") many millions died Individuals and Societies tor the BMF? © I RR ie Ons SIC 36 ee anACTIVITY: Living longer Create a magazine article about an area of the sworid where life expectancy is very high. You choose a location from Figure 4.10. ld within the article discuss the role of the following diet, climate and environment, lifestyle, standards of healthcare and sanitation, safety of the society within your magazine article you should answer the research question: Explain the different reasons why people are living longer in [country name] ety errr) Life expectancy 2016 estimate § Figure 4.10 Highest ranking countries for life expectancy (based on 2016 estimate, data from CIA The World Factbook) Considering your audience One of the communication skills that you develop as part of your Individuals and societies course is producing work that is appropriate for the intended audience. When writing a magazine article: * Think about the information your audience needs and expects. What age might they be? How would these things affect the way you might write your article? * Think about the style of writing, structure and presentation that allow you to make a quality words. give your work some visual bibliography of the sources you used a the a mages to include a e end of PAS alae) cou alltaod eu ae une nung are assessed using Criterion A: Knowing and Pir escuela kU TR A Rese oak ed Penne nicht: i). article. How could supporting evidence and ‘examples bring your article to life? In pairs, discuss how you would communicate your ideas in the following situations and the differences in how you would do this for © a newspaper front page and story * anadvert for a product that you have designed + an infographic for primary school students © an essay question written for your teacher. | By considering your audience, you improve your Criterion C: Communicating skillsHold a class discussion using the following prompt: ‘Immigration and emigration should be encouraged by different governments around the world.” > WORRIES Use the compass points in Figure 4.13 to help you to structure your ideas. Assessment opportunities « STANCE In this activity you have : TION Peete ue ne FoR assessed using Criterion C: Communicating.Ma are some of ele UEl SoU Key) Population change? studies Can be uy Rae — see = : ‘ ge ~~, Faceheokom/BizarroComich, ~2 ame Del. Ka Rea BYZARRO.COM 1 Figure 4.17 Political cartoon about population ‘What is the message of this cartoon? What do you think the artist is trying to say? Do you agree?