RUNWAL FOREST- EARTHING CALCULATION FOR TOWER 8 & 9

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:

1. DATA

a) Fault Current = 26667 A

b) Fault Duration = 1 Sec

c) Soil Resistivity (Assumed) = 150 -meter

d) Depth of buried Earth strip = 0.6 meter

e) Earthing conductor Material = GI

2. LEGENDS

S = Cross-sectional area of the conductor in mm2

I = RMS value of the AC Ground fault current, which can flow through
the conductor in Amps

t = Operating time of the disconnecting device in sec

k = Factor dependent on the material of the conductor, Initial & Final

temperatures as per IS 3043

p = Soil Resistivity in - meter

h = Depth of Conductor buried in meters

d = Diameter of Pipe Earth Electrode in mm

l = Total length of buried Conductors in meters
3. MAIN EARTHING GRID SIZING

As per IS 3043:

Where
S = Cross-sectional area of the conductor in mm2
I = 26667 Amps
t = 1 Sec
K = 80 as per IS 3043

Substituting the values we get S = 26667 x √1 mm2

80
S = 333.3 mm2

Allowance for corrosion (As per IS 3043) = 15%

Hence minimum area of the conductor required = 333.3 x 1.15 = 383.34 mm2

Conductor selected = 50 x 6 mm GI. FLAT.

Hence area of the conductor selected = 50 x 6 = 300 mm2

4. CALCULATION FOR CURRENT DENSITY

The maximum permissible current density as per IS 3043 CL. 10.2 page: 27
I = 7.57 x 10³
√ρt
I = 7.57 x 10³ = 618.08 A/m²
√150 x1
Surface area of Rod having 50 mm Diameter (As per Clients Input) & 3 Meters
Long =3.14 x (50/1000) x 3=0.471 m²
Maximum Current dissipating by one Pipe = 618.08 x 0.235 = 291.11 A
5. CALCULATION FOR EARTH RESISTANCE

5.1 The earth resistance for Pipe earth Electrode is calculated based on the
following formula given in Cl. 9.2.2 of IS – 3043 Page 20.

Where,
p = Average Resistivity of soil in Ohm – Meter = 150
L = Length of Pipe in cm = 300 (buried length)
d = Diameter of Pipe in cm = 5

Therefore,
R= 100 x 150 Loge 4 x 300
2 x 3.14 x 300 5

R= 43.63 ohm

Combined Resistance of 92 Nos = 43.63

G.I. Pipe Earth Electrodes 20

R1 = 2.1 Ohms @ 20 Nos. Earth pits per tower as per Mandatory

requirement.

5.2 The earth resistance for 50 x 6 mm of GI earth conductor forming the earth
grid is calculated based on the following formula given in C1. No. 9.2.3
of IS – 3043 page no 21.

Where,
p = Average Resistivity of soil in ohm – meter = 150
L = Length of buried conductor in cm = 700
W = Depth of burial of the earth conductor in cm = 60
T = Width of the buried earth conductor in cm = 5

Therefore,
R2 = 100 x 150 Loge 2 x (700)² = 27.6 ohm
2 x 3.14 x 700 60 x 5
5.3 The earth resistance for 32 x 6 mm of GI earth conductor forming the earth
grid is calculated based on the following formula given in C1. No. 9.2.3 of
IS – 3043.

Where,
p = Average Resistivity of soil in ohm – meter = 150
L = Length of buried conductor in cm = 800
W = Depth of burial of the earth conductor in cm = 60
T = Width of the buried earth conductor in cm = 3.2

Therefore,
R3 = 100 x 150 Loge 2 x (800)² = 26.2 ohm
2 x 3.14 x 800 60 x 3.2

5.4 The earth resistance for 25 x 6 mm of GI earth conductor forming the earth
grid is calculated based on the following formula given in C1. No. 9.2.3
of IS – 3043.

Where,
p = Average Resistivity of soil in ohm – meter = 150
L = Length of buried conductor in cm = 600
W = Depth of burial of the earth conductor in cm = 60
T = Width of the buried earth conductor in cm = 3.2

Therefore,
R4 = 100 x 150 Loge 2 x (600)² = 32.76 ohm
2 x 3.14 x 600 60 x 3.2

5.5 The earth resistance for 25 x 3 mm of GI earth conductor forming the earth
grid is calculated based on the following formula given in C1. No. 9.2.3
of IS – 3043.

Where,
p = Average Resistivity of soil in ohm – meter = 150
L = Length of buried conductor in cm = 950
W = Depth of burial of the earth conductor in cm = 60
 T = Width of the buried earth conductor in cm = 2.5

Therefore,
R5 = 100 x 150 Loge 2 x (950)² = 23.62 ohm
2 x 3.14 x 950 60 x 2.5

5.6 The combined resistance is given by,

1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
Rт R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Where,
Rт = Combined Earth Resistance
R1 = Resistance of 20 Nos. GI Pipe Earth Electrodes
R2 = Resistance of 70 cm. 50 x 6 mm of GI Strip earth conductor
R3 = Resistance of 80 cm. 32 x 6 mm of GI Strip earth conductor
R4 = Resistance of 60 cm. 25 x 6 mm of GI Strip earth conductor
R5 = Resistance of 95 cm. 25 x 3 mm of GI Strip earth conductor

1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 0.62
Rт 2.1 27.6 26.2 32.76 23.62

Rт = 1 = 1.6 ohm
0.62

CONCLUSION

The above figure of 1.6 ohm for the combined earth resistance is well
within the Permissible value of 1 ohm. Hence, selection of 20 numbers of 3000
mm Long GI Pipe Earth Electrodes. However for collectively value calculated
resistance shall be very less for entire project to get resistivity less than 1 ohm.