Statistics

Measures of Central Tendency

• A measure of central tendency or measure of central
location is a single value that is used to identify the
center of the data.
• a measure that tells where the center of a data set is
located.

SINGLE QUANTITY Represents/Describes A whole set of data

MIDDLE
Common Used Measures of Central Tendency

A. Ungrouped Data B. Grouped Data

1. Mean
1. Mean ❑Class Mark/ Midpoint
❑Simple Mean Method
❑Weighted Mean ❑Coded Deviation Method
2. Median
❑Cumulative Frequency
2. Median “lesser than”
❑Cumulative Frequency
3. Mode “greater than”

3. Mode
Mean - the most common measures of the center.
Mean of Ungrouped Data
∑𝑥
a) Simple Mean Formula: 𝑥ҧ = 𝑁
Where: 𝑥ҧ – mean
∑ - sum of the data
x -individual data
n -total number of data

Steps in solving the mean value using the given data

1. Get the sum of all the data in the distribution
2. Identify the number of data
3. Substitute to the given formula and solve the mean value
Examples
1. The ages of six contestants in a Math Quiz Bee are the following: 19,
18, 17, 17, 20 and 18. Find the average age.
Solution:
∑𝑥
𝑥ҧ = 𝑁
19+18+17+17+20+18
𝑥ҧ = 6
𝑥ҧ = 18.167 or 18

The mean age of the contestants is 18.

Examples
2. Find the mean of the scores of 10 students in Algebra quiz 45,
35, 48, 60, 44, 39, 47, 55, 58, 54
Solution:
45 + 35 + 48 + 60 + 44 + 39 + 47 + 55 + 58 + 54 = 485
∑x = 485
n = 10

∑𝑥
𝑥ҧ =
𝑁
𝑥ҧ = 485 / 10
𝑥ҧ = 48.5
The average score is 48.5.
Mean - the most common measures of the center.

Mean of Ungrouped Data

b. Weighted Mean
∑𝑤𝑥
Formula: WM =
∑𝑤
Example
Alex bought different kinds of meat for his birthday. He bought 2 kilos of pork at P190 each,
3 chicken meat at P180 each, 3 Kilos of fish meat at P120 each, and 3 kilos of cow meat at
P170 each. What is the average price of each meat that Alex bought?

∑𝑤𝑥
Solution: WM =
∑𝑤
2 kilos of pork at P190 each
3 chicken meat at P180 each
2 •190 + 3 •180 + 3 • 120 +(3 •170)
WM = 3 Kilos of fish meat at P120 each
2+3+3+3
3 kilos of cow meat at P170 each
380+540+360+510
WM = = P162.727
11

Thus, the average price of each meat bought by Alex is P162.727

Median - divides the scores into two equal parts

✓If the number of score is an odd number, the value of

the median is the middle score.
✓ If the number of score is an even number, the median
value is the average of two middle most scores.
Example
Find the median of the scores of students in Geometry quiz 45, 35, 48, 60, 44, 39, 47,
55, 58, 54

Solution:
First is to arranged the scores
35, 39, 44, 45, 47, 48, 54, 55, 58, 60

𝑥෤ = (47 + 48)/2
𝑥෤ = 47.5 is the median score

50% of the scores in the distribution fall below 47.5

Example
Find the median of the scores of students in algebra quiz 35, 39, 44, 45, 47, 48, 54, 55,
58

Solution
𝑥෤ = 47
𝑥෤ = 47 is the median score

50% of the scores in the distribution fall below 47

Mode - occurred most in the distribution

The mode has 3 classifications namely:

✓Unimodal – consist only one mode
✓Bimodal – consist of two modes
✓Multimodal – consist of three of more modes
Example
1. Find the mode of the scores of students in algebra quiz 45, 35, 48, 60, 44, 39, 47, 55,
58, 45

Solution:
𝑥ො = 45 because it appeared two times = unimodal

2. Find the mode of the scores of students in Science quiz 34, 36, 45, 61, 34, 45, 55, 61,
34, 45

Solution:
𝑥ො = 34 and 45 because both appeared three times = bimodal